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23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

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<i 


& 


'"cm 


/J 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notds/^otes  tachniquas  at  bibliographiquas 


Tha  Instituta  has  attamptad  to  obtain  the  bast 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


0    Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 

I      I    Covers  damaged/ 


Couverture  endommagie 

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Couverture  restaurie  et/ou  pelliculde 

Cover  title  missing/ 

La  titre  de  couverture  manque 

Coloured  maps/ 

Cartes  giographiques  en  couleur 

Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
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Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Reli*  avec  d'autres  documents 


n 


D 


D 


Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

Lareliure  serrae  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distorsion  la  long  do  la  marine  interieure 

Blank  leaves  addad  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajouties 
lors  dune  restauration  apparaissant  dans  la  taxte. 
mais,  lorsque  cela  4tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  M  fiimies. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentairas  suppl^mentaires: 


L'Institut  a  mic;ofilmd  le  meilleur  exdmplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  iti  possible  de  sa  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-dtre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite   ou  cui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  m^thoda  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiquis  ci-dessous. 


I      I    Coloured  pages/ 


Pages  da  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommag^es 

Pages  restored  and/oi 

Pages  restaur^es  et/ou  pelliculdes 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxe< 
Pages  d^colorees,  tachetdes  ou  piquees 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  ddtachees 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 

Quality  of  prir 

Quality  indgale  da  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  materis 
Comprend  du  materiel  supplementaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seuie  Edition  disponible 


I      I    Pages  damaged/ 

I      I    Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 

r~7|    Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 

I      I    Pages  detached/ 

I    /I    Showthrough/ 

j~n    Quality  of  print  varies/ 

I      I    Includes  supplementary  material/ 

r~~|    Only  edition  available/ 


n 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc..  have  been  ref limed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure. 
etc.,  cnt  it^  filmies  d  nouveau  de  facon  a 
obtanir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 
Ce  document  est  film*  au  taux  de  reduction  indiquc^  ci-dessous. 
10X  14X  18X  22X 


12X 


16X 


20X 


26X 


30X 


J 


24X 


28X 


U 


32X 


Th«  copy  filmed  hers  has  b««n  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Legislature  du  Quebec 
Quebec 

The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  iast  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  Ail 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  —»>( meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

IVAaps,  plates,  charts,  etc..  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  aa 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


L'exemplaire  filmA  fut  reprodi'it  grAce  it  la 
g^nirositd  de: 

L^islatiire  du  Quebec 
Quebec 

Les  images  suivantes  ont  At*  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  at 
de  la  nettet«  de  l'exemplaire  film*,  et  en 
conformit*  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 

Lee  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimte  fiont  filmte  en  commenpant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  termiiiant  soit  par  la 
dernlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  filmte  an  commenpant  par  la 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaftra  sur  la 
derniire  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbols  — »>  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN". 

Les  cartas,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  Atre 
filmte  *  des  taux  de  reduction  diff«rents. 
Lorsquo  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seui  clich*,  11  est  film*  ii  partir 
de  i'angie  sup*rieur  gauche,  de  gauche  it  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas.  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  n*cessaire.  Les  diagrammis  suivants 
iliiiistrent  la  m*thode. 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

5Sr 


QT*  A  n 


HISTORY, } 


OoMPiLBD  vvnw 


/■ 


^ 
4 

I 


W.  8.  G 


1. .., 


^HE 


SKETCHE 


OOMPILBD  UHDFH  AUTHORITT  ol 


EMBBACIKO 


0P,4T8 


HISTORY,  POSmoiSSOIIRGES  AND  IlOMlES, ' 


FbRNOR  IK  THE  INTKBEST  OP  EMMRATIOK, 


By   S.   i^t'.WoQRA.CKKN". 

4/ 


_  LANSING,   MICH.: 

W.  8.  GeohGE  *  On..  State  Po^^^r,.^,.^    , — 


BmruKRB. 


1878. 


,  u,H*P|iifl^^lffiii;|pp 


ST. 


t 


'J 


K 


HISTOf 


COMPILI 


T II E 


STATE  OF  MICHiaAN: 


E  ^I  U  R  A  C  I  N  O 


SKETCHES 


OF    ITS 


HISTORY,  POSITION,  RESOURCES  AND  INDUSTRIES. 


COMPILKD  UNUKR  AI'TIIOIMT Y  OF   TIIK  GOVKRN 


on  IN   TIIK   INTKUKST  OF  EMIGRATION, 


Sy    S.    U.    McCRACKKJSr. 


LAVHIXO,    MICir.: 
W.  S.  Geokge  &  Co.,  !State  Pkintehs  and  Binders. 

Ihro. 


Tho  o))Je( 
institutional 
of  its  histo 
niivy  !)(>  loo: 
origin  with  i 
jfration,  it  h 
rt))fiircl,  and 
|)ru<'0(lont,  H 
I'onipilur,  l»ii 
lio  Hou)^)]t  n 
and  ill  Nome 
adapt  it  to  1 
rassinpiit  in 
thu  KoiuM-al 

tllDniHOlvOB    I 

to  thuni  all 
done,  if  entr 
Tlie   cize 
wei-L  prohici 
voliiinln(u;», 
work,  ixirpoi 
of  its  objoct 
littlo  laljor; 
consists  in  tli 
been  omployi 
tion,  and  in  t 
Tlio  State 
practical)le,  a 
hav(5  cliodrfii 
qnotud   from, 
ruport  of  tlio 
rosports,  it  it 
anil  resourcet 
industrius,  in 
Upon  oomii 
inK  public,  int 
in  tlio  work, 
in  a  most   gr 
reason  tliat  ol 
Moem  partial,  ; 
response  to  tli 
ever,  Ijuon  urn 
hoped  for  iiioi 
That   entire 
Peninsula,  tlu 
knowledge,  an 
season.      The 
gentlemen   fai 
wliich  are  not 
desired  and  in 
present,  then 


PREFACE. 


"f  it«  history  UH  .K.y  Jrtr       hwr^l     n  V'^  ""i  '"''^'  '"'  »Ii<''"tf'"'.  «ml,ra,-in^  «o  m.,ch 

origin  with  tho  Stuto  Oentonnial    IJoarl  of  Mi  ,,J  1   .  T     ,  '"■"•'"'''   "^   ""'  """•''    '""'   'ts 

»rr,u,..,n,  It  «oo,n...   to  com^  1  ^-tn     t    l    v'Thrt^^^  '-oinK  so  .llroctly  In  the  Interest  of  eml. 

regard.  an,l  ,t  has  been  done  m,,  is  ,  ,  .Hti  'Z"V"'L  "''''"  """"  '*""  ''"'""'"'  '"  ""*' 
|.r«<'e.lent.  an.l  the  stylo  and  method  .d'  wh    h  .n,",!  i  "'"''  """  ''"■  ''"'''"  "»"•«  *v»»  "o 

'••""Pllev.  bnl  had  to  ho  wrouKht  nd  h   a   n         "      "'""'  ''"'"''  "'  "'■«'  '"  '"«  '"'""  "f  the 

'.0   «""^ht  out.  an.l    .nueh  la  S\      \r;ss  r  ,         r^^^^^^  "T'''''  "'  '■>»'>'-">»tlon  had  to 

and   In  some  eases  work  over  w   I  h  ",T,,eh  tl  .V    .     .  "  ""•''  """"*-'  "'""""  "'*"•«  I"-"'l"<ed. 

-iapt  It  to  the  developing  eha:;::!'e';  :  "„'','":'  l'":::;.,,^::""',^:""  '"  ".'"""T;  '•"■"""""•"^  '" 
rassment  .n  having  to  deal  with  so  Rreat  a  vn-etv  of  to,  if  ^•'" ';"»'>'"«'•  f""  """••>  '">'l«ir. 
the  general  Interests  of  the  Stale,  there  irrfew  "p„T'  ''  ■"'"""*'"  "'"  >">f'"'""»>-  with 
themselves  suffleiontly  eonversan  tw  h  .il!  of  !  "'^ "'. ''""'«'^«'-  "»'•  Informed,  who  will  deem 
to  then,  all   in  a  wor/of    his   ■    .ra  s     ,  'f.  T'l  """"i?'.''  '"  '""'  -•""'""""'  '"  ""  J"«''<-e 

..one    If  entrnstod  to  a  hnreau  inr^r of  to  L  slnKri.orT:,:"  '"  '"  ""  """'^^'-  "'  ^*""'^  '^  -» 

wer;:.:;!;;^  ,!i;;,Srr:t;:;rasSe';hoS;rfS'th^'"'""'?  ;'^  --" '- '-"-"-  "••"-. 

voluminous,  bu^,  few  persons  would  Xe  It  a"  t  temi«  'h  ,""""•  ''  ""'  ''"'''  "*"•"  ■»""" 
work,  purporting  to  represent  the  varie  in  ere  s  ^^ri  it '>^.  "'  "".  !.''"/'""""  """"'  "  «">»» 
of  Us  ol.jert.      A  large  volume   migl  t      e  made   n.     fr    *^  ?      "'  '""""  ^"'  "'^'"'  '•""^""'^  '••'l 

little  labor;  but  next  to  farts  themselves  1  e  ir  o  lef  vlT  "'"  '"  '""'"*'""'•  """  •'""'Parativoly 
consists  in  their  u.,.,.„ ,......"•  '  _'7  '^'""f  ^'"t"-'  »«  "*  m^ans  "f  .'     ..sj,,      .,f„nnation. 


Is  Work  have 
f^f  in  forma- 

'  '  far  as 
rtrlan, 
^■rally 
The 


consists  in  their  grouping  and  arrangement.      The  time  and  thon^'ht  i;;.". 

r,r:d" nC""*^"'^ !"  ""^' '"'  ■'■"'' "« '"  '-.-.irra^:  inv  ug  r 

T^rstate     ";,;'''■"■''  '"'■  """  ''-•'•'"''<'"»•'">»  Of  Huch  information  who,  • 

Ihc  state  department  reports  were  rea.lily  acoessilile    and   have  b 
praefeable,  and  all  persons  connected  with  ti,e  .lepartment    at  i  ar  '  ' 

have   cheerfully  aided   in  all    possible    ways.      VVal ling's    u las  ^fMi'.d 
Slno^Z'^^uf'"^'  "  '"  :'"'  "'"'"'^'"^■'  "'."■^'•aJ.n-.'lnd  ;:^tSl,> 

:^::  i:"^  ZL  r:;::;;:  i^;:s:r.i^::^.r;f'r^"  <.Hi..n«abier  w. 

and  resources  of  the  State.      Tin     ^      lle'ved  t„Z  ""•;'»!'"''«•"'««.  to  the  materia,  .nterests 

industries,  in  which  connectlor     ,  ^l       ,    ^  „S      o  I'^r    ^V'" '''""  '"  """'"''  '"'"""■-■t..rlng 

Upon  comn,euci„g  the  work    c  r.M  !•  rs  and  b  Ue  !''.''■  '"'"""•■'"'  ""  ""«''  ""^hty. 

ing  public  lnstituti,L  and  s';  a  i  e  res  ^  a  rinrwrittn  T'"  '"  "'""'  """""«  '-^Kosent- 
.n  the  work.  A  few  onlv  resp  de  n  , le  rn  ""-itten  statements  In  a  forn,  to  be  cmbo.lie.i 
in  a  n.ost  gratityiug  "^0^^  wi  "  i,e ^.^  es.s  ri'^:!  ,r;"\V''  '»'^'«'- "'""••'«"  -"n.i.vin, 
reason  that  other  sin.ilar  interesls  are  not  e  mv  rcM  esen te  „n^"'Io  ""  V"""'  ""'"""•  *'•"•  '"« 
Hoeu,  partial,  and  would  break  the  uniforn.it  "  the  work  i.h.r  "'  "'"  "*'  '*"""  "'"""' 
response  to  tl.e.-.c  re,,ucst«  has  been  used  will,  n^or.  or     1..        ,'    u  '"''  ""*"'"'  '""""■'"^''t  in 

eve...  been  under  th.  necessity  of  .  ,,  awi  L  ,n  1  i, .  """"•""""•  The  co.upiler  has,  how- 
ho^l  l.r  .nore  detailed  stateL-ntrnruZ  ;:;;;;L.rT;ra  T''''  """^""^  '''^^  '^  """ 

p^JZzz  comS^Stiuth";:;;:!':^  't  -"""^  ''^««"-''"-  ^^« '- '"« ^.>p- 

knowledge,  and   the  -.im.M.lt     of  ^^Z         ^Z^^^^^^  ^'"^ }"  ^  "-"'  of  personal 

«eaHon.      The  matter  relating  to  the  t  i  i    r  P, .         V  "   ""'"""  ''"'''"K   the   winter 

Kcnt.emen  fa.uiliar  with  tl.ose  ,.t  re  Is'  w  h^  rj^l'If  ■■"''  '"•''  ''"'"''"''  "^■-'  «""->""ed  to 
wl.icl.  are  noted  ao  the  en.I  of  the  work  V iust  ZY""'"'^'''''"''  '""  '""'*'  "^^^'"'"*'  °f 
-Icsired  «..d  Invited;  for  by  such  LZ   nrroV^.  r"' "•'*'"  "♦'  "'«  ^^ork  as  a  whole  Is 

present,  then  by  some  futui^  '  "  """  '"'"■'••"•"'■"■^  ""'y  "^e  corrected-if  not  by  the 

COMPILER. 


— — «S^    : 


Pom 


ir. 

III. 
IV. 


<ii;o( 
M  i:t 
i'oi'l 

1 

Kin  A 


vr. 

VII. 


AUWM 


VIII. 


IX. 


1' 

MlNKl 
V 


.VI. 


XII. 


t  ISIII- 

Watk 

K: 

Mam 

bv 


XIII.  RaIM! 

Itil 

(ir 

XIV.  THA.Nf 


XV, 


sill 

Scl 
k'K 
XVI.  State 
I'll 
mil 

xvn.    kkm'.i 

(Vv 

XVIII.  .SCKNKI 

XIX.  MiscKi 

Far 
ife'iii 


U 


t'l 


igai 
.Vai 


CONTENTS 


ir. 
III. 

IV. 


vr. 

VII. 


VIII, 


IX. 


X. 
XI. 

XII. 


XIII. 

XIV. 
XV. 

XVI. 

XV  ti. 

XVIII, 
XIX. 


Gov.,M n,n.MU  an,.  .s;„!o  ;;.;.,  ; '•"^■'«'""-;  Governor*  of  MiHuKun;  Seat  of 

(iKOIiltU-llV   ANDTOJ'IMiUAl-HV, 

n'i  r::r..f  ni;;;!::!:';  "^  ^"""""•^  ^'"--•'^--  "■■"  x^^-uy  or  u.o  P„pu.ati,.„; 

Sp..,.i,l..  TaxoH,  '  '      ""'  ""'""'"  """    •^'^'^•"•■^"""-•■.ts.    Appropria.i..,,,, 

"";'c;:;.S'  C":;r'";"»:;;;:,;'M;:,;t;r"i;,s^r  ^ -•■■"™ 

.>.iliit«,        ,  'itnii.niL lilies,   (jciiuuii  siiiiiiuuiy   lor   ihe 

c..a„u  n...  Kail,.,.,.  i'u:,:i:«ri::;:a/i;:!:r  "*  """^^^  ^-''^^-^^ «"-  ^--^ 
'"•^:r"v;u;rx;.a,::;;;:::Ln"''"^''""''""-  x..a..,onaci.. .; ...  up^e;  i.;....  • 

.0..;  U,....,„.l,.aU„..a.  an,.  I'Hvai^c'li:;::'::..^^ H^i^ '  State  .,HculUu.l  Col- 
an,.  Tn.:un,.n.  ol  U,e  Insane,  r.,et;.2';    .^r  ^c         '  1'   ir^'"  '^'"'"^  ""^" 

"^'iv:;;-:;;::::n;,::.;i::::-..r:^r  ^"•«'""-''"-  ^^  -s..K;e«ates . 

igan;    Lake    Manne   an!     ^u  1^   m"ei;.u''s'^''^^^         OiUes;  iiankin^  in  Mn.... 

i«an;    Inlernal    .(even  ue    Tax^     a  ,f.nM  1    'Tv ''''"'''-'  ^'•"'^■••^i""«  i»  Mieh. 

^Mar„uettu   and    Jlaok  „«„««.„,'  s  ,u^    ^'-        -N'^-wspapers;  T.ie  Fur  Tra,.e; 

.        B„arU«;  Correct.,.  an;Kn"::u::;n,t>::ei;rr^uSl:   ""^^"^   ^^^  ""'" 


Pine 


7 
lU 
II 


13 


III 
20 


■20 


au 


48 
74 

77 


80 

81) 
94 

97 

113 

IIU 
1:^ 


124 


Tlio  first 
Michiffjiii,  wi 
tlir()u<>h  the 
St.  T.awr('iic< 
th«^  Urst  ext< 
was  in  1(541. 
stock  is  ('l(«ii 
furnished  nia 

1 

ruder  tli( 

ei.ited  with  t 

of  the  war  of 

>^tates  until  1 

of  lier  territo 

imec   of  '87," 

"  .Vortliwest  ' 

H'Kvcrnoi-,  a  s( 

iiiakiufif   jMtwe 

<^>eneriil  Asseii 

district   shoul 

ordinance  con' 

tlnee  nor  nioi 

diana.  Illinois 

'i'he  first  s( 

tlic  now  State 

ilividcd  ])rci)ai 

"Indiana  Terr 

iict  of  dainiary 

I'ilory,  tlic  san 

scat  f)f 'rovcrni 

of  Michigan   w 


*Tlic  U.  S.  ccrp 
<'iiin|iilcil  hv  |i;irli 
l:nlliiT  iKiflli  I  ha 
'nil',  f\ti'iiiliiiK  ti 
I'iinillul. 


STATISTICS  OF   MICIIIGAN. 


I.    POLITICAL   IIISTOKY. 

FIKST   EUKOPEAN  SETTLEMEXT. 

riio   first   Enropfiiin  scttlonu'.it  of  the  torritorv  cf)) 


Michifriiii,  was  by  th,>  Froiich.  who; 


tlirou<>h  th<!  srreat  lak 


npriscd  witliiii   tlie  State  of 
niissioiiai-ics  and  traders  nicaiidciTd  its  coasts 


St.  I. 


awroiiee. 


Mi 


cs  and  rivers  from  the  liead  of  oee 


the  Urst  extended  reconnoi 


ssionaries  an-  said   to   have  visited  Detroit 


m  niiviiration  on  the  river 


was  in  1(541.    Tlie  first  settlements  havi 


sanee,  reaclung  as  far  as  tlie  falls  of  the 


iis  early   as  1620,  l)ut 


river  St.  M 


stoelv   is  clearly   traceable 
furnished  many  n 


ng  been  made  aloni^  the  coasts,  the 


in    many   localities   tlironirj,   tlieir   d 


original 
lescendants,  and  has 


imy  nan.es  intin.at.dy  asociate.l  with  the  development  of  the  State. 
TERIllTOHIAL   SOVEKEinXTY  AXD  GOVEENMENT. 


Under  the  French  and   British    d 


ci.ited  with  the  (' 

of  the  war  of  independence,  althongh'it 


loniinion,   the    territory  was   politically  asso- 


ladas,  but  became  part  of  the  territory  of  Virei 


States  until  17<)(i.*     Virginia  iiad 
of  her  territory  northwest  of  Hie  ( 
aiK 


•glnia  at  the  close 
nited 


)hi( 
••'  of  '87,"   passed  July  IHth  of  tli 


■Northwest   Territory."    Th 


was  not  formally  occu))ied  l)y  the  I  

in    tiic  meantime  ceded   to  the  I'nited   States  all 
river,  and  ( 'ongress,  by  the  historical  " Ordin 
yi'ar,   provided   for  its  g 


lit 


e   government   of    tlie    te 


overnment  as  the 
—  ..  .Titorv  was  committed  fo  'i 
governor,  a  secretary,  and  three  Jn.iges,  to  be  app.>inted  by  Congre  '  ',  .  1' 
iak.ng  power  was  vcs,e<l  in  the  ■Miovernor  and  ./n.lges"nntil  such  tin  '. 
.enenU  Assemb  y  or  Legislature  should  he  chosen,  whb^  n.ight  be  .      e      mm     hi^ 

n  :         ;■"    ''\  '""""='^''""   •"•  ""f    '"-   •'-'    the    tlmnsan.l   persons.     Tie 

"""'""••'  -"^"'"l.late.l    .he  ultimate    division  of  the    territory    into  not  less  t  ,    . 
ree  ,mr  more  than  five   States,  and  hence  has  grown  the  tiv,:  States  o       liio        ! 
(Iiaua.  Illim)i,s  Michigan  and  Wiscon>in. 

tl.c''now"^.n!"!f  o.*^""u""""  "''""  ^•"•'"^^••-^  '^'-•••'t.'.y  was  at  Chillicothe.  in 

H     H.v    st,t„  ,„  Ohio,     liy   act  of  Congress  of  May   7tli.   1800,   the    territory   wis 

;    vnl.Ml  pivparatory  to  the   adn.ission  of  Ohio  into  the  Inion  as  a  S  a  .       ml  U^ 

...l.ana  Terr.tory"  was  erected,  with  the   s<.at  of  gov.M-un.ent    at  Vi  i    mne        iy 

..  .hmuary,  1805    the  Territory  of  Michigan  was  set    otf  n-on.  the  Indi,    a"  T^' 

o,       tin.  same  system  ot  government  being  continued  as  originallv  provided    the 

;.    of  govern.nent  being  established  at  I>ctroit.    Hy  this  act  the  sou'tl  ern  bound  iry 

oOl.chigan   was   tixed    by   a  line    dra^n.    due   east    from    the  southerly  bend  or  ex- 

'"»■.  <'\t(.iwlinK  I.'  fJ"  2',  anil  llVn       .    '  Milv  .     r  ,  " niu'rlinu    .■.■s.si,,,,,-  m-si  north  ..f  tli.-.t 

I'iinillol.  '^  •  ^""'  ""      M.'s'ac In. belts  .cssicn,"  oMcmlinK  l<>  nuar  Iho  loily.nitU 


it 


Statistics  of  Michigan'. 


treme  of  Lake  Miphiiyan  until  it  intersoot  Lake  Erie,  and  the  western  bonnrlnry 
tnronjrh  Lake  Mk-hi<jan  anrl  thence  fine  noi-th  to  tW  northern  boundary  of  the 
United  States,  the  British  possessions  fonniiijr  the  northern  and  eastern  boundary. 
This  included  on  the  south  a  strip  of  territory  unw  forming;  a  part  of  the  State 
of  Ohio,  and  did  not  include  the  northern  or  Upper  Peninsula  of  the  now  State 
of  Michigan. 

ORGAXIZATION  OF  THE  STATE   GOVERXMENT. 

In  the  year  18.'?5  the  people  of  Michifiran  took  steps  for  forinin<r  a  State  gov- 
ernnient,  and  held  a  convention  and  adopted  a  constitution  for  that  purpose.  Tlie 
admission  of  the  State  into  the  Union  however  was  delayed  until  1837.  chiefly  in 
consequence  of  a  disafrreeinent  in  resrard  to  the  southern  bouiulary.  the  State  of 
Ohio  layino:  claim  to  the  strip  of  territory  previously  referred  to.  which  it  was 
claimed  on  the  other  hand  was  within  the  territory  of  Michijjan.  and  wiiich  em- 
braces within  its  limits  the  present  city  of  Toledo.  The  dispute  at  one  time 
seriously  threatened  an  armed  collision,  and  military  forces  were  mustered  on  botli 
sides,  in  wliat  is  popidiirly  and  somewliat  jocidarly  known  as  the  "Toledo  war." 
Tlie  difllcidty  M'as  put  in  cours"  of  sctthunent  by  the  act  of  Con<rreRs  of  June, 
18;i0,  flxinj;  the  disputed  bo>mdary  in  accordance  with  tlie  claim  of  Ohio,  luit 
p:ivino:  to  Jlicbi.o'an.  instead,  the  territory  known  as  tlie  Upper  Teninsula.  The 
conditions  havinor  been  accepted  l)y  Michigan,  the  State  was  formally  admitted 
into  the  T'nion  by  act  of  fongress  of  January  26,  1837, 

COXSTITUTIOXAT,   UROVISIOXS. 

The  system  of  ,<rovernmciit  of  the  States  of  tlie  Anu'rican  T^nion  is  so  well 
known  that  it  is  needless  to  add  (if  uot  already  stated)  that  the  State  of  ]Mic<n- 
gan  has  her  written  constitution  as  the  basis  of  her  government.  The  Governor, 
with  other  State  officers,  is  elected  every  second  year.  The  Leuislatnre.  con- 
sisting of  a  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives,  is  elected  concurrently,  tlie 
sessions  beinj;  biennial.  The  judicial  power  is  vested  in  a  Snpreme  Court,  in  cir- 
cuit courts,  and  in  justices  of  the  peace,  with  power  on  the  part  of  tlie  Legislatnre 
to  establish  additional  courts  in  cities.  A  court  of  probate  in  each  county  has 
jurisdiction  of  the  settlement  of  tlie  estate^  of  deceased  jiersons.  All  jnd"-es  are 
elective.  County  afiiiirs  are  administered  l)y  a  board  of  supervisors  in  each  county, 
and  township  afliiirs  liy  townshi])  l)oard<,  the  supervisor  of  each  town-bip  lieinu'  a 
member  of  the  townsbiji  board.  Constitution:!]  cliccks  are  |ir(nnled  aualnst  fraud- 
ulent iind  extravagant  expenditures  liy  tlie  y'ate  and  by  mimicipnl  i'orporalioiis. 
The  rights  of  conscience  are  secured,  ev<'ry  pers(-,i  being  privib'gcd  to  worsbip 
according  to  the  dictates  of  Ins  own  conscience.  Tlie  Legislntmc  is  forliiddcn  lo 
diminish  or  enlarge  tlie  civil  or  iMditical  rights,  i)rivileg<'s,  and  cajiacilies  of  any 
person  on  account  of  liis  opinion  or  belief  concerning  matters  of  religion:  to  coin- 
pel  any  person  to  attend,  erect  or  support  any  ])l;,ce  of  religious  worslii]),  or  to 
pay  titlios,  taxes,  or  other  rates,  for  the  snppcu-t  of  any  minister  of  the  gospel  or 
teaclier  of  religion;  to  aiiprojiriate  tlie  public  money  or  property  for  the  benefit 
of  any  religions  s-ct  or  society,  theological  or  religious  seminary:  or  to  restrain 
or  aliridge  the  liberty  of  speech,  or  of  the  press.  Imiu'i-omnent  for  debt  is  pro- 
hibited. aiKl  personal  iirop(>rty  to  the  amount  of  five  bundrcil  d(dlars,  and  a  liome- 
stead  of  tb(.  value  of  fifteen  bundred  dollars,  are  exempt  from  levy  and  sale  liy 
execution.  Liberal  provision  is  made  for  inihlic  education,  as  will  app(>ar  e]s(^- 
where  in  Ibis  publication.  Corporations  ("except  mnnicipnl)  are  formed  only  ]iy 
general  laws.    Aliens  are  guaranteed  ecinal  rights  of  proiierty,  and  are  cntilled  to 


the  elect 
clured  th 


The    ] 
and  tlie  s 


Samukt.  C 
M.  i)K  Mo 

M.  DE  All 

M.  i>E  La 
M.  DK  Lai 
M.  DE  Air 

M.  DE  AR( 

Baron  de 

M.  DE  MEi 
M.    DE  Co 

Count  de 


•Tames  Mvi 
Guy  Cakm 

FlJEDEKICK 


AimujR  Si 


Williasi  it 


Stkvexs  T. 
^^^if.r.iAM  W 

•f.   WlfKillT  ( 
-lOHN   S.   Bai 

Alpheus  F]- 
^V'lr.i.iAM  L. 
'•^I'Ai'iiuoDrr 
•foitx  S.  Bah 


The  seat  ( 
for  its  remoA 
ever  passed, 
of  this  State 
•^iipplementar 

<'omniissio 
Hie  site  of  lb 
section,"'  flier 
'•iiilding,  eosti 
"le  snmnier  o 
iiiul  has  ever  .< 
!iot  was  passec 

*i)i(.ii  wiiiie  ill 

.St('y('iis  T.   IHiisoj 
li'lt'uteuaiit  G< 


Political  Histoky. 


9 


the  elective  franchise  affr  r  a  residencToT^!!  '  ~  ' ~~ 

GOVERNOKS  OF  MICHIGAX 

Ihe    names    of    the    Governors    nf  \r:^i  ■ 

«..<.  .ho  .„vece,g„,y  „„„„  .rr:c.:i/:*'s'';;,c  """■ """" 

UNDER  FRENCH   DOMINION 

lC:i-M635.  ,  M.  de  la  Barre. 


of    service. 


Samlet.  Ciiaau'laix 

M.  DE  MoNTJlACtW 
M.  DE  AlLLEHOUT,  '. 

M.  i>E  Lauson,    . 

M.  i>E  Lauson  (son),*  . 

M    DE  AlLLEHOUT, 

M.  DE  Aruensox,    . 
Baron  de  Avangour,  " 

M.  DE  MeSEV,     . 
M.    DE    (.'OITRCELLES 
(-JOUNT  DE  rROXTENAC, 

•Tames  JIurray, 

«UY  CARr.ETOX,     . 

Frederick  Haldimaxd 


.  i(j;{()-i(j47. 

]C4«-Ui50. 
l(!r)l-16oG. 
Ifi3t)-1G57. 
1C57-1C58. 
l(io8-l(JC0. 
lC(i  1-1003. 
lOd.'MOCo, 
10«r)-1072. 
1072-1G82. 


M.  DE  XOUVILLE,       . 
COUXT   DE  FROXTEXtC 

M.  DE  (Jallieres,     .  ' 

M.  DE   VaUDREUIE, 

M.  DE   BeAUIIARXOIS, 

:«!.  DE   GaLISSOXIERE, 

M.  DE   ],A  JONQUIERE, 

M.  DU   QUESXE.        .  .  17,v,  17S- 

M.DEVAUDREmLDECAVAONAcj?5t]?G3: 


lG82-lG8a. 

1C85-1G89. 

1689-1698, 

1699-1703, 

1703-1725. 

172G-1747. 

1 747-1 74t). 

1749-1752. 

1752-1755. 


t-NDEU  HRITISII   DOMIXIOX. 


1703-1707. 
1708-1777. 
1777-1785. 


Henry  IIamietox, 
Lord  Dorchester, 


territorial  goverxors. 

^orthH■est  Terrikmi.  \ 

Arthur  St.  Clair,      ,        .  "    i79«_i8oo        -  Michigan  Territory. 

r    T  '    \    ''II'LIAM  IIl'TT 

Indiana  Territory.  \  Lewis  Cass       '     '        • 

William  Henry  IFarrison, 

UNDER   state  AUTHORITY 
183i 


JSOO-1805.  iS™^^^™'*      -■     -■ 


Stevexs  T.  Mason,     . 

HlILIAM  WOODHUIDCM-, 
•'.   ^VRKillT  (JORDOX.t 

'foHx  S.  Barry 
Alpheus  Felch,    .' 

]\  ir.LIAM  L.  GREEXLY.t 

l-i'Ai'HRODnxs  Eaxsom 
•foHx  S.  Barry.      . 


1785-1786. 
1780-1796. 


1805-1813. 
1813-1831. 
1831-1834. 
1834-1835. 


!r)-1840. 
1840-1841. 
1811-1842 
1842-1840. 
1 840-1847. 
1847-1848. 
1848-1850. 
1850-1852. 


ROHERT  McClELLAXD, 
AXDREW  PARSOXS.t 

MoSES  WisXER 

AusTix  Bl.ir,'    .    ■    . 

HeXRY  ir.   Cu Apo,     . 

Hexry  p.  Baldmix. 
•l«>nN  ,r.  Baglev 


.SEAT  OF  GOVERN3IFXT  AXD  STATE  (  VPITOL 


1852-1853. 
1853-1855. 
1855-1859. 
1859-1861. 
1861-1865. 
1805-1809. 
1809-1873. 
1873-1877. 


-":  ^7"."iv'rin;:;;:;;,  t  ";:;;:;;„ ;™" '-  -- -  -„  „..., 

•■vor  passed.    Affer  the  enaotin-r  cJ.  L    ,>  "'"^  "*  ^""  •^'^^^''t*^'*  I>"Wio  acts 

<;   tins  State  shall  bo  in  the  lo;,   j  ^^  V^S!^ V  "^^^  ^'"  ^'^^^  of  ivernn;!:; 
>..,  plonientary  act  was  passed,  howev  ,    p  ^     Zl    "   '  f  ''^""^^  "^  ^"S"'^'"- '    A 

'  "n.n.issioners  wo.e  selected  to    .w..'  ^'"\"'"'"  '"''   ^J's  removal. 

"H>  site  of  the  present  clti^^Z^Z^  T  "''"'"  ^'"  ^°-"  of  Lansin..,  and 

-tion,-'   there  „ein.  bnt 'a  si!;^    'St^'^  "^^^  J^^^'^' ^---  it  was  a  4;,  J 

"<""^^  ™stin«.,  with  an  addition  sin  e  ,,.  ,      T^^'^T  ^'"'"^^'-     "^  ft-'^>»« 

"-   sun.n.er  of  1847,  and  ocn-pied  bv    l.e     il^is,.       "'  '^''•;""'  ^^''^^  ^^^^ted  during 

"";'  "a.^  over  sin..e  been  the  ''State  lloe-'U        ■'';'"■ ''''  '''"*  of  January,  1848, 


ti-lcuteuaMt  Governors  acting  ««  Govgruor.  ■V.eu.tavy  ot  the-  Territorj-, 


10 


Statistics  of  Michigan. 


State  Buiklin<>;  (,'oininis.sioiiers"  was  provided  for,  who  solicited  coinpetitivo  de- 
signs for  tiie  new  eapitol,  the  proforem-e  being  given  to  tlie  design  furnislied  by 
Mr.  p].  E.  Myers.  Tlie  eost  of  tlie  building  and  incidental  expenses,  was  limited 
to  $1,200,000,  $100,000  payable  in  1872,  $200,000  in  eacli  of  tlie  years  1873,  1874, 
1875,  and  1876,  and  $300,000  in  1877.  A  preliminary  appropriation  of  $10,000  was 
made  for  plans,  etc.,  in  1871,  and  iu  1875  special  appropriations  for  lieating  and 
ventilating,  for  changes  and  improvements,  roofing,  cornice,  etc.,  were  made,  amount- 
ing to  8175.(X)0.  The  length  of  the  building,  exclusive  of  porticoes,  is  345  feet; 
width,  101  feet;  height  of  lantern,  2G5  feet.  The  edifice  is  designed  to  accommo- 
date the  Legislature,  State  oftices.  Supreme  Court,  State  library,  etc.  The  corner 
stone  WiiS  laid  on  the  second  day  of  October,  1873,  and  the  contract  time  for  its 
completion  is  the  first  of  December,  1877.  A  lithographic  representation  of  the 
new  Capitol  forms  the  frontispiece  of  tliis  worli. 


II.  GEOGRAPHY  AND  TOPOGRAPHY. 


The  State  of  Michigan  occupies  a  position  approximating  the  center  of  the 
continent  of  Nortli  America,  and  is  embraced  between  the  parallels  41°  692'  and 
47°  478'  north  latitude,  and  the  meridians  of  82°  407'  and  90°  536'  of  longitude  west 
from  Greenwicli.  The  center  of  the  State  is  marlved  by  the  position  of  Carp 
Lalce.  in  Leelanaw  county,  which  is  070  miles  in  a  straight  line  from  New  Yorlv. 
The  land  area  of  tlie  State  consists  of  two  natural  divisions,  Ivuown  as  tlie  Up- 
per and  Lower  Peninsulas,  and  adjacent  islands.  The  Upper  Peninsula  has  its 
greatest  extent  from  east  to  west,  and  the  Lower  its  greatest  extent  from  north 
to  south.  The  following  exhibits  the  length  and  breadth  in  miles,  and  the  num- 
ber of  square  miles,  and  number  of  acres,  in  each  peninsula: 


J)IVISIONS. 

l-cngth. 

Hrcadlh. 

Square  Miles. 

Acres. 

Upper 

318,104 
277,000 

104,280 
259,056 

22,580 
33,871 

14,451,456 
21,677,184 

Lower ...    

Tlie  two  peninsulas  are  separated  by  the  sti'aits  of  Mackinaw,  and  are  totally 
dissimilar  in  character.  Tlie  Upper  is  rugged,  witli  numerous  roclcy  oxposurce, 
and  mountains  which  in  tlie  western  portion  rise  to  the  height  of  2,000  feet.  Its 
products  are  almost  exclusively  mineral.  The  Lower  Peninsula  consists  of  plains 
occasional  prairie,  table  and  timbered  lands.  Its  products,  in  the  cultivated  parts,' 
are  agricultural,  and  in  the  northern  part,  lumber  and  timber,  with  salt,  coal,  and 
gypsum  in  some  localities.  The  specific  features  of  the  two  peninsulas  will  more 
fully  appear  in  tlie  details  of  this  work.  Their  climr.tes  are  as  distinct  as  their 
locations  and  tlieir  topography;  and,  in  all  statements  respecting  the  climatic  fea- 
tures of  the  State,  tliey  ought  to  be  separately  treated.  The  meteorological  means 
for  tlie  whole  State  convey  very  inadequate  impressions  respecting  eitlier  of  its 
natural  divisions.    In  this  connection  reference  is  made  to  the  meteorological  data 


ill 


HKil! 

**''  Wl 

B^'v^ 

'  jqII 

w 

m 

[»M\ 

Hfe 

Wt 

m 

W 

wXfi^' 

.i- —     ' 


A    I.    V    O    N^A 


■     ,  T>J>ur(KMUlj 


(hlWHllM 


,.rti(iiHf!l 


icwiirfl 
Gurnpyl 
Warreotowji 

|J.ibBi-ty\ 


iilfli,';  ' 


\ 


:-fHiu-iit[il 

.«»*'—:: ■ ^^ii!i 

..:!,■.«.■■■■  ■  !    i  .ft , 


'"*S|?7C^     .    ITS  :  11  I  6/^-^ 


% 


1       ! 


f 


^ 


m. 


W4 


,iU 


.<pT?^ 


ill 


V  ■j!*'WiBL^  Hun  fill 

ys*.  ^-^t^^^iaui  cm  J. 


rVM,-V^ 


Neyy 


Athw 
Kraueil'c,' 


>B1....U1^5^4, 


/ 


4 

r 

SOUTH  i>  iVl 

f^jfiue*™© 

.  /wMrm---^^ f ^iT^'T'-  is>^w  V'''**'''-.i '^-Js^^ 


CoDHIautincI  1         Brrin 


MICHIGAN  riTv^p^^'Y'  lil"'"  \1 


s. 


n^oshen 


^'"V^ 


Alliion 


^hi«^;      9*><      v^v?  T><LWanatah       / '>>Walkprti)ii  /)     liiUnii  i  m   '       ,      i7  '   '  i  I 

/riiSra  ArCWM  BGoltongcCoTw  i:A<.'  ompejjf  thp l}in^it^qL£^}S'^^ "f^  MhsJan/ttori.         ^ 


( 'wliiif  SSpr^^CcTj-^    ColbytaJ 

(hnreOvCi    (ttlaKd         _  


^^'^      ('LTlfT(Tx 


'•'>^> 


5  "^*'^p<^Pt-H^^<i^^T=*s 


traiA 


Chariot 


is|oii 
nil 


dlapiiiH 

St. 


0*r       . 


IC 


SI 
siji 

to 
af 


given  undci 

vies  of  the 

belnp:  .104,7;i 

The  tope 

priiioipal  di 

denco  and  r 

or  enclosing 

200  miles  oi 

its  western 

available  fo 

State  also  h 

smaller  lakei 

unconnected 

persons,  nam 

of  means,  wl) 

health  seeke 

waters  of  m: 

interest.    Tl: 

summer  reso 

park  which  t 

upon  the   isl 

also,  the  enti 

similar  extei 

cursory  ghuu 


Metcorolog 
comfort,  and  i 
show  that  IVIi 
The  meteorolc 
city  of  produo 
A  further  fact 
State  is  accusl 
theless,  capable 
as  shown  by  ti 
less  degree.  n\) 


The  followii 
observations  Ji; 
to  and  indndin 
Prof.  Alexandc 
Michigan,  and 
ling's  Atlas  of 


Meteorology  and  Climate. 


11 


bein.  mj.0  a.t:        '  ""'   ""  """  '^'•""'  °"'*  ""'"  "J"-""'  •"h"-  t"-.'  total  urea 

waters  of  in-mv  ,  f  «•      ,  luimerous  artesian  wells  or  springs,  the 

s.™n,er  resort/I^^  "11'  to     ;    ,:,';,:  [  "l-""  "  ''  Vlo^.n-aMo  an.l  healthful 

also,  the  eui^f^Zr^^rl^^l'''T''\:''']^'^  "'"'  ^''"'''-"^  '»*--* 
Similar  extent.    These  ^  ^"^  ^^      '  Z    X  :  "i^^::^"'^'^  to  aj^  region  of 
oursory  glance  at  the  topograph;°of  the  St 2  '         "'""''"°"  "'"'  " 


III.    METE0R0L(X4Y    AND    CLIMATE. 

Bhon-  that  Miehigau   is  is        ^  i,.    t  /  eCtrn!       n  ^^ 

The  nuueorologin.l  fiblo  show    m     .!1  T  '  ^"'"'  '"""•'"'  ^■"^■""^'-  ««»".. 

city  of  pro.inct^on-rtt  wh^/"     ^S^:    T"'""  ^'^""^  ''^  ""  *^'^^^^«^  ''^P^" 
A  further  faet  of  nrae     ..1  ,  1^        /  !•  '^^  ^^xperience  and  practical  results. 

State  is  n^:^t::^u:^Xyi:'z:^rT.'::^T  ""^^-^'^^^-"""^  ti.  son  of  ti. 

theless.  capable  of  nntin'aninritn'w     '"«'\"^'*^'-"«''  «f  "'"'^ture,  it  is,  never- 

as  shown  l.y  the  exec       o^^so     o     ;' "s-r'co''  •'  "'/'"""'"'  '^"''"""  «^  ^'■•«"^'»*' 
less  .Icgree.  np  to  1874.  '  """^■•"•^'•''  '»  '^-^  '"fl'^'ets,  in  greater  or 

METEOKOT-OOK'AL  .MEANS 

to  an.l  including  1870,  is  taken  fm..   .0  ,  ""'"''''"  "*^  ^"'"'"^    l^'"'""- 

Prof.   Alexander   Wine lu^l      fonlX  '\'  ..^  ''^^'-'-^te  and  carefully  prepared  paper,  by 

Michigan,  and  subse^  o /t  v ^b weHor  of  T'         ^'^  "•^^'. '"   "''^   ^^---'^7   of 
ling's  Atlas  of  Michilm  '""'^'^"«'  ^^^  ^^•'•""•^*<^  university,  published  in  Wal- 


i    ,      I 


12 


Statistics  of  MiciiKiAN. 


I'KKCIl'ITATION  OK  KAIN   AND  KNOW. 


I/IK-AT.ITV. 


('(ipjicr  Kulln.. 
ontoiiiiKiiii... 
Miiniiiittc.. . 
S.  Stc  Miirlc. 
MackiiMii'  ... 
TftWimCity... 
iimnillliivi'ii. 
(ir.inil  l<ji|ii(lK 
yt.  tJmlidt... 

llolllllKl 

IiandiuK 

Idittlo  (  fi'ck. 

lictn)it 

Ann  Arluir... 
MonriH' 


<o 

a 

2 

47* 

2.V 

4(1° 

(52' 

4<!'' 

.12' 

Ml" 

:«(' 

V)" 

r>i' 

44° 

15' 

4:r 

(W 

42° 

ns' 

4;!° 

m' 

42° 

42' 

4-2° 

;wi' 

42° 

i(i' 

42° 

lit' 

42° 

IH' 

41° 

.w 

i 

c    , 
1200 

(i:in 

(!• 

(110 
TM 
■IHH 

.">«.■< 
.'«10 

H.V) 
510 
ft!l5 

Hfi8 
SH4 


/; 


5 
12 

i:t 

XI 
'2H 
U 

4 
II 
IH 

4 

7 

r>H 

30 
7 

IS 


Hl'KIMI. 


Mkan.     'Min. 


* 

1 

1 

7.2ft 

m 

4.71 

10 

7.  in 

2.1 

5.07 

1.5.7 

4..V.I 

10 

4.07 

22 

5.  Ill 

21 

11.117 

2K.ti 

H.02 

24.5 

!i.:i7 

24 

K21 

27 

0.12 

20 

H.«0 

24.5 

H.U 

25 

H.11 

25.5 

SCMMKII. 


Mkan.      Min 


0.OH 

2.:h 
;i.os 
1.74 
i.,">;i 

2.KI 
.•1.04 
(i.70 
0.00 
H.  10 
0.li»< 
4.tKI 
4.M) 

4.4;t 

4.50 


7.2.1 
7.21 
8.00 

o.4;i 

O.OH 
■1.01 
H..'K) 
10.(W 
0,75 
7.  .11 
».,57 
7.H8 
1 1. 15 
11.0.5 
0.85 


m 

,'10 
20 

.11 

;i7 

20 
.14 
25.3 

:io 
ll» 

31.5 

25 

31.7 

.'14.5 

31 


ft.  15 

4.88 
3.0ft 
3.)ilt 
3.11 
2.31 
7.77 
.5.!Mt 
0..50 
4.07 
5.  .52 
4.10 
4..50 
.5.77 
CIO 


AlTIMN, 


Mkan, 


It.  83 
0.25 
8.85 

10.4)1 
7.(H1 
0.41 
7.72 
0.73 
8.8(1 

12.21 
7.00 
8.04 
0.28 
7.07 
8.27 


•20.4 

2.5.8 
2.8.5 

;i4.5 

28.7 

3(t.5 

3(t.4 

24.4 

27 

31.5 

23.3 

28.5 

2ti.4 

•25 

•20 


MiN. 


(1.78 
4.08 
3.44 
,5.45 
I.. 58 
•2.44 
4.13 
.5.82 
4.03 
1 1.02 
•2.80 
4..M 
4.03 
,5. 


w 

'INTKII. 

Mkak. 

MlN. 

t 

t 

ja 

S 

J! 

^ 

s 

l'Zlt2 

,U7 

11.711 

tUt2 

•24.0 

;i.08 

0.14 

l)t.7     :i.05 

5.(K1 

1(1.(1 

•2.40 

.•1..58 

14.5 

i.rw 

3.8It 

18 

'2.88 

4.04 

18.3 

3.84 

8.02 

22 

5.75 

17.0 

4.  .15 

0.01 

2.5.5 

8.07 

5.  ,52 

18.2 

3.84 

.5.45 

17.3 

3..'H1 

(1.0,5 

17.2 

1.88 

4.82 

15 

3.(Ht 

.5.56 

17,4 

3.11 

Ykam. 

Mkan. 

Min. 

t 

. 

a 

M 

^m 

37.2;i 

;io.oo 

'24.20 

at.  00 

31.(t2 

'28.84 

30.28 

12. 11 

•24.58 

11.70 

';•<  09 

17.(10 

•2.5.  '3 

21.03 

.•fit.  8 1 

.•10.73 

3'2.)12 

'25.75 

38.8(t 

.•t,5.0!l 

30.31 

'24.. 58 

3l.;<!t 

'25.73 

.■t5.0!l 

21.10 

31.08 

•20.  iW 

31.80 

'20.17 

CLIMATK!  CONDITIONS. 

From  tlio  siinie  iiutliorlty  last  fiiiotcd,  tin;  I'ollowiiiji;  ob.scrviitioits  on  tlic;  cli- 
mate of  Miehi<>an  are  taken: 

"The  sinuositiop  of  the  several  Hue.'!  [as  .shown  in  the  eharts]  will  demonstrate 
at  a  glanee  the  it(>ouliar  eharaeter  of  (lie  I'liniate  of  Michifj^an,  and  tlio  fact  that, 
both  in  summer  and  winter,  It  is  better  adapted  to  the  interests  of  a<jrieulture 
and  horticulture,  and  probably,  also,  to  tlie  comfort  and  health  of  its  citizens,  than 
that  of  any  other  northwestern  .state.  Jfs  marl<ed  peculiarity  of  climate  in  tliese 
respects,  is  attril>titab]e  to  tlie  iutliience  of  th(^  (ireat  J.akes,  )»y  wliicli  the  State 
is  nearly  surrounded.  Jt  has  loiifj  been  known  that  consideralile  bodies  of  water 
exert  a  local  influence  in  modifyinj?  climate,  but  it  has  never  before  been  .sus- 
pected that  Lake  Micbijian.  for  instance,  impresses  ui)on  the  dinuitic  character  of 
a  broad  re<>;ion  an  influence  which  is  truly  comparable  with  that  excited  by  the 
great  oceans."' 

"The  excess  of  the  warmin<r  influenee  on  the  east  side  of  Lake  Micliiffan  is 
most  apparent.  Tlie  winter  mean  of  (Jliica^-o  is  243 2",  while  that  of  New  JJufValo, 
in  the  same  latitude,  is  28°.  The  winter  mean  of  Milwaukee  is  22°,  while  that  of 
its  vis-a-vis,  Grand  Ifaven,  is  20°.*  The  winter  mean  of  Fort  Howard  is  20°,  and 
of  Appleton,  19'.  while  tliat  of  Traverst;  City,  farther  north  than  eitlier,  is  231;^°." 
Further  comparisons  show  that  tlie  season  is  seven  to  ten  days  earlier  in  spriiiff, 
and  about  tlie  same  amount  later  in  the  fall,  on  the  east  tlian  on  the  west  shore; 
from  which  this  conclusion  is  reached:  " 'J'his  makes  tlie  f^rowiu"'  season  on  tlu; 
east  side  of  Lake  ]Sliclii,ijaii,  from  t\\elve  to  twenty-one  days  lonjjer  than  on  the 
west,  to  say  nothing  about  exemption  from  unseasonable  frosts,  ami  a  mucli 
■warmer  constitution  of  the  soil  on  the  east  side." 

"The  meaning  of  this  is.  tha*^^  the  most  excessive  cold  at  Mackina<',  for  a  period 
of  28  years,  is  not,  on  the  :iverage,  gresiter  than  at  Fort  Itiley,  -180  miles  furtiicM- 
south.  It  is  one  degree  less  than  at  Cliicago  for  a  term  of  eleven  years.  It  is 
but  ten  dcgeees  lower  than  the  extrenu!  minimum  of  St.  Louis.  Extnnne  weather 
at  Chicago  '•  twelve  degrees  lower  than  at  New  iJuft'alo,      The  lowest  extreme  of 

*  Tlio  wiiiil.s  liU'pt'l.v  prcv.illing  from  the  west  and  southwest,  carry  the  warming  Inlluence  of 
tlio  liiko  ov(H'  tin;  Stale. 


Mllwaiiki 
while  thi 
while  tin 
Is  -(i°;  w 
east  side 
bearing  c 
remeinbei 

One  killii 

occur  at  ] 

nae.      Th 

of  the   pi 

tion  a  tei 

perfectly 

The  radni 

conijiarati 

•      *      In 

the   water 

the   water 

when  mov 

of   the  he: 

land  temj 

in  case  of 

generally  : 

distance  ol 

ration.      * 

.science  of 

during  a  ft 

fruifs  alon; 

are  so  niuc 

rior  fruit-p 


'I'he  j)op 
'"  1810,  4,7 
eludes  the  s 
per  cent,  of 
or  a  per  ceii 


'I'lie  adva 
State  eensusc 


Population'. 


13 


•--in.  c.f  these  a.l.llHon;.I   ft.     ,.:";:    ;,'':'";.   '^7;"^'-'   »"  ^""   >'"Porta„t 
•••••"•'"""•'••Ml  th.f  It  is  not  th./  ov-r  tv    ^t  /      ^•>'l-H.ltivution.      It  will  bo 

-/m...  whi..h  ..o„„|,i,„  s   t       1. m n  ,  ;      '  f      ^^"'"^""^""<  ''"^  «»'•■"'  of  th.  winter 
On.  killin,.   iWoze   In  «    fl    ,    '        .    ,     "'..'.T/''   "l'""^  ""■"    ••'-'•"<'tiv,   frost. 

nac       The  wholo  ...st  sl.or..  of  I.ako  Mi,.hi  "      ',    i v '"  "'      '  '  "'  "'  '''^'^'■■ 

of  the    plac.s    just    naine.l       As  ,m,.,.,..   .    i  .  """"''  "'•'"'■'-   "'■'•"  «»>' 

Dorfectly  secure   alon;.  Hu-   wh,  le     xte.t   ,/^^         f     '»••■ '■•"cls  an.l  vh.oyar.m  are 

«'«»ni,.aratlvely  low  ..apailty  of  witerL  s.  !f         ^  <liseovcr.    It  lle.s  la  the 

•  *  J..  Ja;.uary,  the  nl'm^^;  "n^,  '^T^'^JI^r-'f «  •-'  -""tln^  heat, 
the   water  .loes   not,  „rolmMv   f.llT,  1  u    ^        ,n  '"'*'   *"  1»°'  "J""'"  that  of 

the  water  n.nst  ,.a  tike  to  so^  ,  ^e  .  ',f\,  ^  '"  "'"'"'^l'''^''-^  '"  •-"ta.t  with 
when  nK,vln.  Iron,  the  wa^r  t  h  t  '  I'L.  Sr?"  h''  f  ^""  ^^"^"'•'  '^"^' 
of   the  heat  or  eol„   proper  to  the  hi  f     T       nrt       f  "'"  '""''  '''"''  P«--'»«'» 

lan.l  ten.peratures  in  sn  nnu-r  and  ;  nt'er  n  i  T  ^  '  ''"''^''''^  *"  ^''■'•■^"^«  "••^ 
i>'  t-ase  of  extreme  weather       O.n  .-        '  ten.leney  ig   „,ost  ,Iistinetly  felt 

^.•..orally  tron.  the  I  :;.t  au^^Z^lir  T"-  ""'^''''^  ^"^'  -""  ^'ows 
distance  of  lOO  to  200  n.ile.,  nn  ij^s  1  Z"  "^  '"'"  '"'*'  ^''^■"'^'"'  ''"'•  «* 
••'•''-•      '      *      The   rore,.oinJ   Lrr,,-    t  Js^^r 

«oieneeofn.eteorolo;.y  ar^ihim,!^    rlo,;  ,?^"      "   ""•""••  •"   ''"ta   of  the 

'l"'-i"«  a  A.W  year,  pit  to  i   "o  i  ^"^."^^ti:!  t "^     r  "'""^^  ""'  ""  '^""^^^  '""^^^ 

--  aion.  the  -ntire  heit  tvon.  ^^:^^'i::a:::^^:::^:\^^^^^ 


arc 


'•' " ' " '-  ■■■::^.i;- rr^.;;v--:!-i!  '--'-^.^p:: 


rior  friilf  ,...^i     •  "   ;;enerauy  acknowledo-f.,] 

HO,  t.ult-produe.n^r  ,,gUm  exist,  within  the  Inited  .Stakvs.'' 


IV.    POPULATION. 

i"  '"u>/':sr";;  ;Lrs:  ^riSo'tv^r"-^  '■• ;-  --  --  -^^ .., 

'■'"<lo.s  the  speenlative  period  of  8!7  8  h,;  i  ,  .  '"''\  ^''^  '"  ^*^'*«'  ^^'h'^'l'  i"' 
l.or  cent,  of  l„.....,se  in'  ten  rears  o  570  0  The  "  /"•''""""  ^"  "^-"^'  -'  « 
<-  a  per  cent,  of  increase  dni-in.  the  d^c;;!!!;  of^;!;,!:"'     ""'   "  ''''  ""'^^  ^^^ 

rorri.ATiox  ijy  oouxties. 

The  advance  in  poiinlation  sliwo  I'^r^n 


iiii 


14 


Statistics  of  Miciikjan. 


TAHI.K  or  l>01>t'LATI0N. 


KTATK    ANK   (dlNTIKS. 


Statk 


Alooiiii 

AllcKiui 

Alpcim 

Antrim 

Harry 

Bay 

HchzIo 

IJerrh'ii 

Branch 

<Jalhoini 

Cass 

Charlevoix 

<.'iieboypaii 

(Jhipptnva 

Clare 

(Jiiiitoii 

Delta 

Kat.on 

Emmet 

Genesee 

CSranci  Traverse. 

Gratiot 

Iliilsdalo 

Houghton 

Huron 

liigham 

Ionia 

Iosco  

Isabella 

Jackson 

Kalamastoo 

Kalkaslva 

Kent 

Keweenaw 

I.ake 

I^ajjecr 

I-eehinaw 

Tienawee 

Livingston  

Mackinac 

Macomb 

Manistee 

Maniton 

Marquette 

Mason 

Mecosta 

Menominee 

Midland 

Missaukee 

Monroe 

Moncalm 

Muskegon . . 

Newaygo 


ih:i7 

18(1!) 

ih:i.-. 

1857 
1S(!U 

ih;{!» 

18(ii1 

18:!:$ 
I8;i;i 

182!» 
MW.) 

]82(i 
1871 

]8:in 

18(il 

I8;j7 
18.'):$ 
18:{(! 
i8r):{ 

ISiV) 

18:1.") 
184(; 

185!) 
]8;i8 

18:<7 

1857 
1859 
18;t2 

i8;io 

1871 

i«;ui 

]8(!1 
1871 

I8;i5 
I8fl;i 

182(5 

18:{() 

1818 
1818 
1855 
1855 
1851 
1855 
185!) 
18(51 
1855 
1871 
1817 
185(1 
185!) 
1851 


IH.,  iliATIoy. 


I8M. 


507,521 


7,78(i 


IWU. 


7,781) 


8(»;i,(i(ii 


18.8;{5 
(174 

;t82 

14,441 

r.,517 


i;i.5i)r.  i 

15,(18(5  . 

22.517  I 
12.111 


i,aiu 

8,();i() 


1(),!)40 

4,!I7() 

15,1)2!) 

!»()() 


1!».151 

2.8(58 

702 

ll.Ut2 

10.714 


',1.720 
1(5,71!) 


17,78(5 


il,05(5 


:50,!)J1 

14.141 

l.Oll!) 

18.02;{ 


i8.o;io 

2,05(5 
078 


25,704 

22.458 
;tO,770 
17,(5(5(5 

'""48»" 
1,220 


]4,04« 

501 

10,407 

i.:ijr) 

22,047 

2.02(5 

5,7:5!» 

27,448 

8,224 

:5,OC2 

17.118 

17,!»84 

;1!)5 

1.844 

25.850 

25,841 


;i;l,447 
5,180 


15.202 

2,;58!) 

40,10!) 

1(>,1(;() 

i.;{i7 

21,80:{ 
1,071 


3.724 

840 

i,:i82 

400 
1,251 


22.221 

5.02!» 
5,500 
3,482 


W7(i. 


1,184.282 

70(5 

:I2,105 

2,750 

1,085 

22,200 

15,!»00 

2,184 

35,104 

2(5.227 

30,571 

21,000 

1,724 

2,107 

1  .(iOO 

3(!0 

22,851 

2,4.. 

25,103 

1,211 

33,805 

4.443 

11,808 

31,(i8H 

13,882 

!).048 

25.208 

27.(575 

3,175 

4,113 

3(5,040 

32,0(15 

424 

.50.410 

4.20(5 

548 

21.342 

4..577 

45.001 

10.335 

1.715 

27,(510 

(5,074 

801 

14.278 

3.20(5 

5,(545 

1,895 

3,283 

1.30 

27.475 

13,041 

14.892 

7.292 


IH74. 


1,334,031 

1,214 

32.381 

4,807 

3,240 

22.051 

21.832 

2,(503 

35,020 

25,72(5 

35,(!5.5 

20,525 

2,3(50 

,3.070 

2,170 

1,354 

23.0(51 

4,741 

2(5,007 

1,272 

34,,508 

5,34!) 

13,880 

31.5(5(5 

1!),030 

1 1  ,!I04 

2!».1!»3 

28,37(5 

4,782 

(5.059 

37,988 

.32,284 

1.259 

02.(571 

.5.415 

1.813 

25.140 

5,031 

40.084 

20,32!  > 

1.4!)(5 

28,305 

8,4;  1 

057 

21,940 

5.3(51 

0,132 

3,400 

5.30(5 

00(5 

30,1 1 1 

20,815 

1!».375 

8.758 


I'lT  Cut  iif  Knell 
.Sex  III  TiiIhI  INi|i. 
IllutiiJii,    (871. 


Ma!u..     iionmlon. 


52,20 

5(5.(57 
52.42 
58.41 
50,04 
52.55 
54.99 
53.39 
51.22 
.50.(5!) 
50.!I2 
51.(50 
54.23 
55.57 
50.31 
55.02 
51.40 
(50.78 
51.50 

52.ri) 

50.72 
52.3(5 
52.5!» 
50.50 

57.87 

55.28 

52.08 

.52.11 

5!).78 

.54.01 

.52.2(5 

51.3(5 

.54.00 

51.07 

59.77 

55.08 

52.08 

53..50 

50.4(5 

5 1 .08 

51.13 

50.75 

.50.50 

55.40 

58.74 

55.41 

53.  37 

03.4  0 

55.1  2 

05.18 

50.81 

.54.34 

55.54 

55.70 


47.73 

43.32 

47.57 

41.58 

43  !)f> 

47.44 

45.00 

40.00 

48.77 

40..50 

40.07 

48.39 

45.70 

44.42 

43.08 

44.07 

48.59 

30.21 

48.43 

47.40 

4!).27 

47.03 

47.40 

40.40 

42.12 

44.71 

47.01 

47.88 

40.21 

45.08 

47.73 

48.03 

45.03 

48.02 

40.22 

44.01 

47.01 

4(5.49 

49.53 

48.01 

48.80 

49.24 

43.43 

44.59 

41.25 

44. .58 

40.02 

30.59 

44.87 

34.81 

40.18 

45.05 

44.45 

44.29 


Population. 


15 


TAHI,K  OP  POPULATION.— CONTINUKI). 


STATE  AND  rofNTIEH. 


Oiikhllld     .    . 

JJ''"""-^ 

Oiifoiiiijjoii 

Osocolii 

Otfavv.i 

ril'Hqui'  Isle [' 

Sa;ijlniuv 

Haiiiiiic "'.;; 

Sdiookraft . . .  ^'.  ... 

Stiljiwasseo  . 

Ht.  Cliiir .'..'.... 

St.    .I(IS('l)lj 

TuK.'oIa    .'.'."!.";■ 

Van  Huron.    ......... 

Waslitciiaw  ... 

)^i.v"«' .".".'.v.;; 

Wcxfoid 

UMorjcaiiizod  C'ouiitrcs' 


a 


1H2U 
185.-) 
185') 
IS(il) 

ie:i7 

1871 
183.-) 
1818 
1871 
1837 
1821 
1820 
1850 
18:J7 
182(j 
1816 
18G9 


l-OPlliATION. 


l»S4. 


31,757 
3,024 


7,293 

'Y,m 

3,521 

"7,4U 

l(i,825 
15.021 
1,503 
7,720 
28,554 
04,700 


1H64. 


33,025 
2,373 
5,408 


15,050 

10,083' 

8,853 

13,514 
27,501 
22.550 
0,083 
17,820 
34,048 
83,292 

"]",i05' 


1870. 


4l),0(KJ 

7.222 

2,840 

2,104 

20.050 

355 

30,008 

14,505 

700 

20,822 

30,750 

20,272 

13,715 

28,835 

41,440 

119,008 

050 


1871. 


38,082 

8,:t(10 

2,4(M; 

0.210 

29.920 

1,015 

48,409 

10.202 

1,290 

21,773 

40.(i8S 

25,00(i 

10.008 

20,15(1 

38,723 

144,iK)3 

3,01 1 


IVr  C/Mif  „f  i.;,„.i, 
M"X  fii  Tcitiil  I'ou. 
iiliilli.ii,  1H71. 


Stiili'H.    {KininlHi. 


51.0(1 
54.70 
53.03 
50.1(i 
52.75 
52.00 
.53.04 
53.10 
(i3.87 
51.73 

5-:.()5 

51.21 
52.05 
51.0(1 
50.49 
•':>,89 
.'8  .8 


48.9;j 
45.20 
((i.lKI 
43.83 
47.24 
17.30 
4(l.:{5 
l(!.80 
30.12 
48.20 
17.04 
I.S.78 
17.34 
48.33 
40.50 
50.10 
41.81 


CHARACTER  AND   NATIVITY  OF  THE   POPULATION. 

di-  Itiflo.!'"  U ''"  ?f  ^''■'"^"''  ^"'^  '''''  •"■  ""  «'•  "'"•  "-ver  .states,  i.s  .son.cwhat 

bam<^  unu,  bi  t  \\hicli  has  been  checked  diiring  the  pa.st  lour  or  live  vo'irn   hv  tho 

^ Hu:;';; ;':!;:rf "V" "■""" ""' '"^'"^^^-  '^"« ™- ^'i^rZ^z^Z 

3  hi  '  '''"'^^"'•<^'  '"•«»  "'  the  cxx.nt.y  fron  twctv  to  twcntv-iiv.   year, 

and    UL«,  to  a  great  extent,  ceased  to  bo  foreign,  .asshnilatin-^  itself  as  rlni.fh    .s' 
he  cmM-euces  in  langnage  and  cn.ton.3  will   ;.U,  and  i^th        du.   r  :    o^li  e 
Tho   IT    ,  '  '".?'''  "'^'"^  ''"'>'  ^^•'^"  "'^'  "^'t've  popnlation. 

the  nu.'l  °'of  fh'        ''?'"?''r'  "■""  "'"^  ''"''•'^'  ^"^'^^'''^  -"--  "f  ^«'0,  will  show 
iiic  n.it.Mt^  ot  the  pnncipjil  classes  of  the  popnlation: 

HOUN  IN   THE  LNITED  STATES. 


Michigan 

New   England 
New  York 

Ohio._.. 

Pernisylvania.. 


States. .. 


507,208 
41,308 

231,509 
02.207 

28,507 


Indiana 

New  Jersey  . 

Illinois 

Wi.scon,sin  . . . . 
Other  States.. 


12,140 
8,033 
0,055 
5,98G 

12,940 


16 


Statistics  of  Micuigan. 


BORN   IN   FOREIGN  COUNTRIKS. 


British  America gy r)00 

J^»ffiii'i»i  -  - - -'  mm 

Ireland.... 42.013 

Scotland 8  ")")•» 

i'r»ssia : v.;;:;;;.28;o(io 

Otlier  Gorman  States :i"),483 

Holland 12  559 

Sweden V... .  2A0(] 

Norway _ i'^jq 


I'oland . .  947 

jf™"™     :.::;:;;:;;::::  3,121 

Switzerland 2.110 

Hohoiniii '   '"  i']f)7 

^Pl^i'i"' II.   ./.]][[  832 

Austria 705 

Denmark ......  1.354 

Other  countries 1  158 


PEJl  CENT.  OF   ILLITERACY. 

The  total  of  persons  in  the  State  of  ten  years  and  over  who  could  not  read  as 
per  United  States  census  of  1870.  was  34.013,  a  small  fraction  less  than  3  5  per  cent 
of  the  whole  population.  The  number  who  could  not  write  was  53.127  (indudino- 
1,81.3  Indians),  or  a  fraction  over  5.G  per  cent  of  the  whole  population,  classified  as 


Whites.  10  to  15— males.  4,728;  females,  3.204 
Whites,  15  to  21— males,  2,073;  females.  2,125 
Whites.  21  and  over— males.  17.5-13;  females   i; 
Colored,  of  all  ages  and  both  sexes 
Indians 


,080. 


Of  the  foregoing.  22,547  were  of  native,  and.  30,580  of  foreign  birth. 


8,022 
5,008 
35.520 
2,075 
1,823 


V.    FINANCIAL    CONDITION. 

THE   DEBT   OF   THE   STATE.  AXD   PROVISIOX   FOR   Fl'S   PAY.AIENT. 

In  the  year  1843,  the  State  of  Michigan  was  encumbered  witli  a  debt  of  §3  304- 
005,  which  was  <>qual  to  $15.08  per  capita  of  the  th.M.  population.  '|'h(.  amount  of 
this  debt  outstanding,  as  adjusted  and  payable  on  the  30th  of  September.  1875, 
was  $15,140.07.  Some  additions  wer;>  made  to  the  State  debt  during  the  war  so 
that  the  total  interest-be.aring  bonded  de))t  of  tlio  State  at  the  last  named  date 
less  cash  on  hand  applicable  to  its  payment,  was  81,130,315.73.*  Of  this  sun/ 
$358,000  bears  seven  per  cent,  interest,  and  the  balance  six  per  cent. 

There  is  .also  due  to  Ihc  educational  or  trust  fluids,  the  sum  of  $2,000  058  84 
which  is  interest-bearing,  but  which  is  not  regarded  in  the  light  of  a  pu'l)lic  debt' 
as  the  State  has  received  the  money  dollar  for  dollar,  and  simply  holds  it  as 
trustee  for  the  several  funds  to  which  it  belongs,  p.aying  interest  for  Us  use,  wliidi 
IS  expended  for  the  support  of  educational  institutions  wilbin  the  State  and  for 
its  benefit. 

The  onstitution  (Article  XIV.,  section  1)  provides:     ■•AH  specific  ..fate  taxes, 
*K.vclusivc  of  $46,000  Sault  canal  bonds,  the  interest  nn  wliidi  is  i,ay.i1il<.  fronTtlilZ 


except   111 

be  applie 

herein  rei 

due  to  edi 

11  part  of 

vides:    "1 

thousaml 

compound 

increase  ol 

gnishinent 

oducationa 

Tlie  Old 

provision,  1 

of  the  Stat 

yielding  ai 

not  only  ni 

afTord  a  sui 

debt,  thus 

source  now 

ill  fact,  tha 

live,  an    ac 

rates  as  tlu 

best   iiitere.' 

purchased  u 

per  cent. 

Legislature 

general  fiiiu 

the  terms  01 

taxes  can   b 

accumulatioi 

c'ebt  by  the 


I>irect  ta: 
ernment,  anr 
rate  per  ceii 
named,  are  s 
(feneral  for  ] 
named: 


FixANCfAL  Condition. 


17 


'>e  applied  in  payiu^  ii^"L;Z'!''^^  eo„.pa„ies  of  the  Upper  Peninsula,  shall 
I'erein  rodto.l.  „„til  th  ex  ^  i  „:  '/'f^n'^:!^.  "'  ''''  ""''''  ^'"^^^  ^»  the  order 
cl"o  to  educational  r.u,::^;:'::^:;,^J^^J^;;^  other  than  the  an.ounts 
a  part  of  the  prin.ary  school  interest  fund  "^    /  f'^""^  ^°  '''"''  constitute 

vidos:    "The  J-egisIa„ro  shnll    nrovi  J  ^  i  ^""  ^  °*^  ^^'^  ''•»'"«  '-"-ticle    pro- 

M'onsaml   dollars   a  vCu-     o   1  ^'  ^'"''  "  ''"^'"^^  ^"""  "^  =^t  '0'^-«<^  tw^Uv 

-.npoun.l  interest  at  t^.e  rut"  oT'iv"  """'^'"^  """"'•^^^'  '"^''  «"3^-^-«^  wHh 
increase  of  at  least  live  per  rm.f  tn  in  *'v'  ,''"'^'  ^^°^'  •'^"'"""'  '"ifl  an  annual 
Snislunent  of  the   prind  1    of  the   st  te'd.^':   'T^  '"  ''''  ^''"^^''"^"^  -'^'  ^^t"- 

oclucational  funds,  and  shil    be  eminued^^^  ''''   ''"^«"»^-^   ""«   *« 

The  only  direct  taxes  levied  for     "n  *^-^ti»S<"^l.ment  thereof." 

provision,  was  one-sixtee.  tl  o  a  mH  orir'Tn^'^r'^^''^'"'  ^^  ^^^  '^^  f«r''goi"g 
of  the  State,  runnin;?  fro  „  is'l  trjifi       '^  ''""''^■:  f  "^'^  ^''^^''-'^^'O"  ^^  the  property 

yiehii,.,  an  a,,re,,ue  o;v!:}^^T%::';:::!f:^::':rV'''- ''"'  "^''''^ 

not  oidy  meet  the  interest  on  h,o  «.  .."'.■  If  ^'""^  ^.ixes  applicable  to  the  purpose 

afford  a  surpi...  nioll  t li^  s  n  ti  't^'n'r^he'r'T"- ''*'  '''''''''  •-""'  ^'-^^"t 
debt,  thus   nieetiiiiv   the   reouire  nei  t   fo     J  ^*";  .'"''^^"'•'"^  Vrimiiral  of  the  bonded 

-urce  no.  avera.^s  about  'So  rpen^u;;  "?,'"'''•  '"I"  '''''''''  '™'"  "^^« 
>»  fact,  that  at  the  leoislative  se  sion  of    ST-  r*  .,  "^^'"'""lation  was  so  great, 

tive,  an    act  was   palsed   autho  X   the^ 

rates  as  the  Governor,  StaTe  Trea  fer  ind'^  r  "/  """'-■^^"'•-^'  bonds  at  such 
best  interests  of  the  State.      rX  this     .;  ?''  ?'''''''^   ""^'^'*  "^•^•"  ^O''  ^hc 

l'.-rchased  up  to  the  :iOth  of  Sep  e  .  .er  la4  at  a  "l  1  *'^"'"'^""^  ^'25,000  were 
per  cent.  To  further  relieve  the  i  ir,  i,  !'  Cov  'n  T  "'  ''  "■'''^'''""  °^'«''  ^^ree 
r^egislature   of  1875.  reeommended  th        -^ n^f  7^'^''  '"  '"'^   '''''''S'   ^o   the 

general  Am.l  of  some  ml^of  tuZ^^^^""  I'"  ""''"^  "'"'  *«  '''' 
the  terms  of  the  constitutional  prov  ioi  o  .^o  tl"  ,'  ''""'•'"''  '''^"^""S''  ^^ 
taxes  can  b,.  diverte.I.  The  (  overnor  s  IT  "^  *'^^'^'""'  '"-''i-'l?  from  specific 
accumulations  to  the  sinldn/fu,  d  wi  H  be  t^'      I  ^  '-o-'ipntaiion.  that   the 

^'ebt  by  the  flrst  of  .Tanuar'lv  iS  '"'"'  ''^  "'^'^  «"*  ^''^  ^>»ti>-«  >^onded 

TAXATION'    AND    TUEASIKY   AGGREGATES 

ernm^^al^rmc::^.^^:;;;;..::;;-;-;-  "Tir;:;7ofrt "  ^n"^^-"  --- 

n:::enrr-:;ir^r^iw;;r-;'r^^^ 

C-eneral  for  1875.      Also,  in    1      V  t'eoh'^^^^   ^o"t         "  '''  '"^"'"^  ''  "'^  '^"^"'or 
named:  ^  '"'""""•  "'^  treasury  aggregates  for  the  years 

3 


I 

if 


18 


Statistics  or  Michigan. 


VALUATION,    RATE    OF    TAXATION,    AND    TREASURY    AGGREGATES. 


«  B  < 


1838 

isao 

1840 
1841 
1842 
184;j 
1844 
1845 
184C 
1847 
1848 
1849 
1850 

1851 


1853 


1856 


1861 


1866 


1871 


Eqi'amzkd  Vauatkix.  * 


$42,953,405  (11 
40,192,702  2!) 
37,833,024  13 
34.603,021  85 
29,148,03!)  19 
27,090,940  41 
28,583,007  32 
28,922,090  59 
29,309,005  07 
27,017,240  13 
29,908,709  25 
29,188,070  45 
20,384,270  00 

30,976,270  IS 
120,302,474  35 


137,063,009  00 


172,055,808  89 


307,905,842  92 


630,000,000  00 


Ycar'si 
Tiix. 


18;i8 

1839 
1840 
1841 
1842 
1843 
1844 
1845 
1840 
1847 
1848 
1849 
1850 
(  1851 
\  1852 
I  1853 
\  1854 
i  1855 
ri85(. 
I  1857 
1858 
1859 
1800 
fl80] 
i  1802 
{  1863 
I  1804 
1.18C5 
1800 
1807 
1808 
1809 
1870 
1871 
187 


Amount  of  Tax  \\i]k 
tionod. 


2 

18-3 
187.. 
1875 


§85.900  !)5 
92.385  43 
75.000  04 
103,8:^7  02 
58,290  07 
55,393  88 
57.100  01 
72,305  23 
73,562  15 
09.043  10 
150.719  33 
102.400  75 
113.709  56 
106.000  00 
110,000  00 
10,000  00 
30.000  00 
40,000  00 
05.000  00 
85.005  20 
85.0(15  20 
202.003 
154.003 
404.166 
483.17 
440,000  79 
470.000  7.) 
642,407 
581.922 
880.739 
713,747 
405,264  97 
395.204  97 
757,020  05 
829,970  05 
982.230  50 
903.434  50 
521,232  50 


liATK. 


31ills  on 
SI.0O. 


Per  (.'iipitu. 


In  Ticji.-mrv  for 
ISIO  unil  follow, 
ini;  yoaiti. 


00 

00 
50 
48 


97 
30 

84 


2 
2 
2 

2.5 

2.5 

2.5 

5.039 

3.531 

3.923 

3.421 

3.551 

.083 

.249 

.332 

.472 

.618 

.018 

1.472 

1.123 

2.097 

2.808 

2.5.57 

2.731 

3.734 

1.889 

2.«59 

2.317 

1.517 

1 .283 

1 .201 

1.317 

1 .559 

1.434 

.827 


80  30 
47 
25 
21 
21 
24 
23 
19 
36 
23 


■I 


00 


02 


0( 


33 


08 


SS4,05l  71 
79.014  01 
87.103  19 
79,092  fH) 
86,085  40 
106.809  36 
101.212  45 
70,932  98 
146,305  19 
139,708  97 
137,379  96 
128,897  24 
174.159  01 
(i3,523  96 
.38,047  15 
54,710  46 
55,385  04 
113,487  80 
13.5,100  81 
208.019  04 
160.823  91 
400,619  (W 
473,813  80 
425.809  22 
517,121  59 
632.723  08 
.590.019  89 
8(:5.0.18  43 
722.409  57 
532,783  27 
482,418  53 
577.117  05 
928.152  23 
903.883  08 
970.504  00 


$11,529,013  48 


§11,431,018  40 
*  By  Bo.a.(ls  of  Supervisors  up  to  1S50,  iukI  thoroafter  l)y  Slato  Uoiwl  of  KMunTi^uk^ 

The  taxable  Lands  of  the  St.ite,  which  connect   themselves  w-'ii  linance  hi  the 
light  01  taxation,  are  shown  in  a  table  under  tlie  head  of  "Afrricultural  Interests." 
CASH  RECEIPTS  AND  DISBURSEMKXT.S. 

Tlie  following  exhibits  tlie  net  cash  receipts  and  disbursenionts  of  tlie  SfU. 
treasury  on  .ncconnt  of  State  revenue  for  tlie  years  state.),  iw  sliow,  by  the  Audi- 
tor Gener.il's  report  for  1874,  page  385,  .appendix,  and  report  tv,  1875,  pa.n>  8 
appendix:  i  t  'o-^     ■ 


Yeam, 


1836 

1837 

1838 

1839 

1840 

1841 

1842 

1843 

1844 

1845 

1846 

1847 

1848 

1849 

1850 

1861 

1852 

1853 

1854 

1855 


Aggrc 


Tlie  fo 
under  app 


Yea 


Nov.  3^),  lS.-)0 
IS.11 
\X-rl. 
is,-,;i 
is,-)i. 
ia-.r). 

ISjIi. 
ls,-)7. 

L-(,->S 

]«(». 

"  ]S(io 
l,S(il 
lS(i-J 

"  ISC'i 
1S(J4 
ISIW. 

"  IHIK) 
1S(!7 
]*iS.. 

wa 

1S70.. 
1H71.. 
1«72  . 
ISTS.. 
Wi.. 
187r>. . 


sepL  ;», 


'  Incl  III  It's 
ury  ainoHiits  t 
Vontiiic  Asvli 
reepocUve  lies 


Financial  Condition. 


KKCEIPTS   AND   DISIiUKSKMKNTS. 


1)1 

9 

(W 

;{ 

SO 

0 

2-2 

1 

n;* 

;? 

(18 

it 

8!) 

8 

■i;? 

!) 

a  7 

I'll 


Yeam. 

1836 

1837 

1838 

1839 

18-10 

1841 

1842 

1843 

1844 

1845 

184G 

1847 

1848 

1849 

1850 

1851 

1852 

1853 

1854 

1855 


Ufceiiits. 


SI  10.300  22 
487.550  88 
1,509,780  01 
910.391  03 
504.420  59 
895.721  03 
222,433  07 
243,309  98 
257.801  49 
138.152  91 
247.253  32 
200.810  00 
188/248  Gl 
23i;432  95 
221.520  43 
239,005  SO 
279,775  51 
445,505  21 
342.390  30 
339,834  25 


I>i-<buMemoiiU. 


«S9,175  00 
448,451  99 
805,428  50 
1.215,230  87 
920,181  02 
934,317  13 
411,020  71 
48,588  05 
200,408  21 
100.214  72 
190,489  23 
19S,'!29  40 
195.421  55 
227,111  72 
244,133  13 
179,034  71 
202.220  47 
188,449  82 
198,204  70 
389.242  71 


Yl;Aii8. 

i«no 

18.,7 

185S 

1859 

ISCO 

1801 

1802 

1863 

1804 

1805 

1860 

1807 

1808 

1809 

1870 

1871 

1872 

1873 

1874 

1875 


Aggrca-ate.-; . 


ItcTOilllS. 

$291,001  53 
209,317  18 
391,087  10 
347,488  57 
411,204  43 
725,393  72 
S81,454  83 
849,012  51 
1.440,210  44 
1,220,853  62 
1,130,752  49 
1,043,980  07 
1.378,811  00 
1,193,031  83 
080,232  1)0 
1,040,948  28 
1,200,996  81 
1,510,459  03 
1,008,945  10 
1,053,140  00 

^%>7,G10,140  00 


Diebiirsemoiiti'. 

§428,999  41 
"08,114  84 
432,200  23 
442,229  97 
442.002  39 
855,587  08 
065,540  74 
822,017  02 
1,359,023  03 
1.219,408  54 
1,034,850  72 
1,040,813  80 
810,401  07 
1,510,902  00 
1,3.:, 380  84 
748,740  50 
962,530  96 
1,080,950  54 
1,398,855  89 
1,453,887  43 


$20,793,808  62 


APPROPRIATIONS. 

Thi!   followins:  table  shows    the   amounts  nnM  fi,„  ,  •       . 

under  appropriations  n.a.le  by  the  Leg^sla'ur!':  "      •"^"'"*'*'"^  "-^"^d. 


VtARe. 


Edicatiovai,  Institi'. 

TION«. 


Nov.  3.1,  law.. 

1KV.> 
ls,-.,'i  . 
lX>t... 

lS.-)(i. 
K")7... 
L-i,->,S 
1S,-)!I. 

l.S(il. 
l*i'J 

"       I8(;;i 
"      M;r> 

1H(!7 

Wl... 

1«7.!  . . 
lH7t  . 

iH7r>. . . 


Hcliiiol. 

«470  ;«) 
.'t,(X)0  (i'» 
.'I,")')!!  HQ 

.•{,.iO(i  nii 

r<,7W  8,-) 

;i,i()t  10 

7.HSt  hi; 
ii.tm  77 

7,71(!  V\ 
H,ti.'i'2  7.-): 
r.,i;«)  no! 


AKricuItunil       Reform 
tVillfgc.  School. 


KeIOKSIATOUV  AM)  1'enau 


SepL  ;», 


r.,771  '2li 

n,!);i>  SI 
7,i)s;i  ;it! 
r>,i!)s  7(1 
r>.»i'  r.i 

4,!ir.'  00 
H.iWI  20 

i.'i.ni'  !)2 
ir.,o.i;i  97 
i.5,isi  m 

V.t.iXl  !I7 

ir,:.m  07 

•-'2,80;;  07 

i«,o;ii  m 


"J 


.•14.18J  no 

4S,(iI!»  01 

.'i,  1  ")S  K) 

17,(i7t>  4") 

i:t.'2I!»  4.) 

a.rtOi  50 

l.'t/KXi  (12 
8,000  00 
K'.OX)  00 
Ifl.OOO  00 
lo.OOO  00 
20,000  00 
20,0i)0  00 
4"),(KH»  (H) 
'.'S.OOO  00 
'i8,750  00 
IS.'iW  00 

•r>,(t9«  00 

.■i8„')B2  S7 
IH.tiOO  U 


Stato 
I'l'laoti. 


*lI,G,a  ,s!) 
l.'i„i!;2  Ml 
18,77;!  7(i 

iri,ooo  00 

17,000  00 
'27,174  !I0 

I7,i;i7  r,-i 

•-•0,181  7(i 
lti,(IO<)  00 
17,,Tl{!  4'i 
41,200  2-> 
22,48;!  ,51 
02,  Xrt7  02 
44,787  H< 
.'iti.Oi')  ... 
;!(l,l>'2<!  O.T 
22,000  00 

rA.im  00 

18,,->00  (K) 

;i  1,400  00 

•20,000  00 


$0,000  00 
(>,000  00 

i),(HK)  m 

!>,.'>00  00 

io,r)0O  (X) 
40,(i>,i  ;{7 
4 1,!);»0  00 
47,!i:ii»  00 
;i4,!t!»',)  00 
lil,;i7.i  c;! 
J<i,")7!)  ,V) 

mo:)  ;,t 

H,0!H)  00 
rMKK)  00 

i;i,o(io  00 

4,5,0lK)  (HI 
<i8,(KO  00 

4r),ooo  00 1 
•2;t,ooo  00 

2,000  00 1 
.'(,10  00 

,'i,;ioo  00 

14.000  00 
•27,800  00 

H:i.ooo  00 

42.000  00 


AfcYl.l'MS. 


Koii  l.sKANr. 


Kiihiniuzoo. 


For 

VesiT,  Dumb, 

iiiid  lilir.cL 


7;),.'H)0  00 


flSl  ,11 

KK  7;i 

'£}  87 

002  4!) 

0„')7;1  il!) 

17,(;i4  21 

1I»,(58S  7.-) 

:i'2,0!«  4 1 

;i7„'>oo  00 

•22,0mt  00 
;!0,000  00 
17,000  (H( 
;!:!,000  00 
■2.!,500  00 

;i.'),ooo  00 

;!t),WIO  (H) 
17,(ki<i  00 

ii.riov  00 

77,500  00 
81„')00  00 
(W,500  00 
50,000  00 
4.'.,0(K)  (K) 

40,o«;{  00 

.'■)4,1,'!9  02 
4.'>,022  8;! 


*   Iiicluilf-,  j2I7 
ury  amounts  nppr 
Pontine   Asvliiin. 
reepocUve  lieadf. 


|«>0,3I8  07'«l,0^ri,812  7l|   $83S,r20  M 


Aegregat*. 


*7,OI4  «! 
10,(i57  87 
1-2,040  43 
14,794  &i 
41,814  GT) 

vii,,i07  aa 

141,589  42 
178,404  21 
115,578  19 
•  10|,4'27  98 
J'2';,  la!  0;l 
70,0;!4  97 
112,402  64 
87,6;t2  81 
ll!l„5n9  83 
177,954  95 

\r>7,:m  m 

2li9,40!t  OA 
'2.51,208  88 
,'!00,040  47 
184,;!10  50 
18;.„'«l  88 
•2Jt,'!,570  02 
;i81,'25<i  50 
.•i!';!,980  70 
4'26,962  97 


S4,6:".U1  35 


!•  "..n.,al  Bt..ten,e,U.  r6^..ai.,  iUo^o  i^ll^ii^l^l^'^^I^^^^S^^-^^ 


<  < 


20 


Statistics  op  Michician. 


spp:cifi(j  taxes. 


The  following   is  a  eliissified  statei.  cut  of  specific   taxes  v 
treasury  during  the  fiscal  years  18GG  to  1875,  inclusive: 


ecelvcd  at  tlie  State 


Uaiiks. 

ISGfi. 
1S«7. 
1868. 
180!) 
1870 

$000  00 

.'14,212  :!0 

3.5,281  47 

2,765  00 

1871. 

1872. 
187;t. 
1874. 
1875. 

CaiCd's. 

$2,742  a'f 
6,109  18 

Irisnriini' 


$40,0,39  74 

.52,210  22 

67,267  5fi 

77,207  04 

80,972  25 

89,845  5i 

05,975  32 

113,131  84 

107,201  78 

123,476  91 


Itaili'und. 


$1.57,401  19 
103,915  97 
173,681  m 
176,487  70 
212,308  05 
26.3,918  9.3 
222,663  8,3 
211,2.39  .56 
.'132,948  02 
;iUO,210  88 


Mining. 


$51  60 

5,2.53  S7 

9,426  89 

8,514  22 

8,984  63 

36,0.51  04 

18,778  .37 

22,887  16 

21,800  71 


Express. 


5 


$1,937 
9,83 
1,.505 
J,5U 
1,742 
2,016 
2,230 
1,695 


$126 
1,160 
1,3U 
1,2.53 
1,.3»2 
2,236 
2,498 
2,406 


Misi'plln- 
ncons. 


«E 


$36  60 
72  44 


192  22 

88  33 


$1.50  00 
275  00 
1.52  00 
562  04 

1,44!)  92 


$35  43 


9  50 


Totals. 


$198,340  93 
250,425  52 
283,.547  44 
268,0.30  51 
;J04,610  72 
3&5,713  26 
;3.58,171  92 
347,554  74 
471,263  71 
547,33;3  3!) 


Tliere 
Presque  ] 
acre,  exee 
granted  h 

In  this 
countj',  an 
counties, 
lands  of  t] 
at  $l.2r)  at 

This  di 
in  Emmet 


VI.    PUBLIC    LANDS. 

^r.!"  ^»'''^','"  "'"  >«^orthwest  (accessibility  to  the  .seaboard  markets  bein..-  consid- 
ered) offers  better  opportunities  for  settlement  upon   public  lauds.  th.-,!i  Michigan. 

GOYEIIXMENT   LANDS. 

Vn^uZ^"'"  ^""'''  ■'''"'''  ''""^  •"•^'••'^•^^  '»  t'^"  ^tatc,  as  follows: 

em  tieis  ot   to%Nn.s.      Also,  Alpena.  Moutnioreucy.  eastern  half  o"  C     ^o    ill  (M.c 
boygau  except  the  western  tier  of  towns,  Presque  Isle,  and  the  .,     f  m' "k  u    " 

Office,  Detroit.    Kogister,  J.  I}.  IJloss;  Receiver,  J.  M.  F.arland  ^^1"'1^'»«^- 

bVGiN.uv  DismiCT.-lucludes  all   the  counties  not  included  -       „■  Detroit  Dis 
Sdhml    ru."-       r'"''"-^  «'"-va,ssee,  the  four  northeastern    ..  ,  „,s  of  Gi^Uot" 
M    land    Ua.lw.n    the  eastern  half  of  Koscommon.  and  the  eastern  half  of  (W 

r«  w     «  '        r.    '^""'"'-      ^''"'''^'•'  ^'-  «•  ""^'^'-^  l^^^'^oiver,  F.  J.  Burton 
Gkani>  River  Di.sTi«cr.-Includes  all  of  the  State   vest  of  the  Detro     .p-  \  ...• 

Sce^S'iSef  ;■':;  j"^^"'"'\^^---  ''^^^'  «-^' -^ "-  ':::z. 

wmte,  louia.    Registei,  E.  Stevenson;  Receiver,  J.  L.  Jennings 

CiiKHOYOAN  DiSTRiCT.-Includes  all  north  of  the  Grau.l  Rher  and  west  of  the 

Elver,  „„aGn;„."T™v„,f;;';:;:i.fr  '"'■■" "'"-"  °">"""" ""  "«"".«-.i 


The  fac 
the  State 
lauds  lyini 
depression 
sought  for 


The  Sta 
swamp  Ian 
lands,  such 
made  in  tli 
settlement 
required  in 

The  auu 
tember  30, 
number  of  t 


Primary  Scl 
l^niversity . 
Normal  Sclu 

A.sylum 

Salt  Spring 

Asset , 

Agricultural 
Swamp  land 
Swainp  (oxc 
Swamp  (liom 
Primary  Sch 
Internal  imi: 


Totals . . 


*  Dediictliiif 
!»2.'l.65  acres. 


Public  Lands. 


21 


DKTROIT  mSTKICT. 
r.UAM>    RIVICU    DISTUICT. 

Iti  this  district  there  are  about  :}0,000  acres  nu«okl  lo  ono  of  xvi.i  .u  ■     .. 

county,  and   the    balance   chiefly  in   ^^-o   i<L      \r    ',     '  "*-^  ''""^  '"  ^^Jiso" 

CHKHOYCAN   inSTUICT. 
SALKS  OK  (iOVEKNJIKNT  LAXI) 

STATE  LANDS. 

».:;;;;:  s.'-a;,:  :ur<;irLi™fe^:::r,"'°.;'ir' ,f;,  ""'-f  °"r'  -— ■  -" 

lands,   sucli   higher    rates   are    roX    i^.  •^t^.I"gl'<'r  rates  than  government 

made   in  the  fonn  of     oad^and  "iLa  .  Z^^T""   "'.  ""P-ven.ents    already 
settlement    npon  them   prac     nble  w^^^^^^^^^  '""'^  *''"'"''  °^  l'='y'""^"t  '"^ke 

roauired  i...nu.ingp:rS'a:::?:e;;:^,rU::rwS    '"^""^    "•^"   ^^""^^  '^^ 

LANDS   SOLD  AM)  AJIOUNT  ON  HAND 

The  amount  of  lands  sold  at   the   State  land  ottlce  fo,"  fi.n    .. 
ten.ber   30,  1875,  with  the    aggregate    purchase    ,,!,.?  '         '"'''"'   ^'^- 

-mber  of  acres  still  on  han.l!ls^.o.n^bythc;'i:i;;;',aSr;'"^     '"'''   "'''   "'^ 


CLASS  01''  LAND. 


Primary  School 

University 

Normal  School. 

Asylmn 

Salt  Spring 

Asset " 

Agricultural  (.'oilege 

Swamp  land 

Swamp  (excess  on  licenses)  ' 
Swamp  (homesteads  patented) 
Irimary  School  indenmity 
Internal  improvement .    " 


Acres  boIiI, 


Totals . 


7,493.39 

"'80,66 

80.00 

40.00 

290.00 

4.83S.j(9 

91.818.81 

22.09 

0.(j(jl.22 


in, 324.no 


J'nnliiiup  piifc. 

$28,953  81 

150  00 

320  00 

470  00 

KiO  00 

1.455  25 

14.!»1(J  97 

117.509  04 

29  15 


Anidiiiit  imiii. 


Acres  unsuld. 


$11)3,904  22 


$21,203  21 

75  00 

100  00 

390  00 

100  00 

777  (!3 

4.749  24 

108.830  2(i 

29  15 


398.079.05 
200.00 


1,080.00 

1,595.03 

4.270.90 

105.504.57 

2,514,304,43 


49.239.22 
380.31 


$130,434  49  *3,135,314,71 


9i'm  aereV,""^  '^''''■''  «'^^»-««  '-^^^^'vea  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^T^^^^^:^^ 


22 


Statistics  of  Miciikjan. 


TKUMS   AN1>  CONDITIONS  OI'  8AI.K. 

The  only  lands  Hold  by  the  State  in  any  eondderal.le  qnantilx.  as  ^vlIl  ho  «oon 

^rio  of  '■'•""'^  ^^■'.'"';  ^^^^■-'"'^"'•"1  ^«"<^^-N  -"1  -van.,,  lands.  The  n  ni  ,  m 
price  of  Prnnary  School  lan.ls  i.s  fonr  dollars  per  aero  for  farnnn^^  lands,  lifty  e 
eent  ot  whn-h  .s  payable  at  the  time  of  entry,  the  halunco  at  the  option  of  ho 
purchaser  with  interest  at  seven  per  cent.,  payable  annnully.  The  mini  „m 
pnce  of  the  A^ricnltnral  College  lan.ls  is  three  dol-ars  i.m-  acnf  for  farnnnndT 
Uv^enty-flve  per  con.,  at  the  tin>e  of  entry,  and  the  balance  on  same  term^  ^^.bove 
Pine   a.nl   o  her   timbered   lands   in  this  chvss.  live  dollars   per  acre.      Thrsutmn 

iS'iT  thetar"\r  "-;\r"''"-'^''  ^--  "^  ^'-   best  Varmin,;  and   ti-XS 
ands  in  the  State.      Many  of  the  legal  subdivisions  have  no  swamp  at  nil   nnon 
them,  but  tho  .^otions  npon  which  they  are  situated  were  noted  upon  the  govern 
ment  snrvcj      .       wamp  land,   from   tho  presence  of  swan.p  or   overtlowed  laml 
SLrbv  tj:.'  '^  f  ""'  actions,  and  hence  came   within   the   teimTof  t" 
cos  .on  by  the  ge.,e,-al  governme,.t.      The   mininn.m  p.ice  of  these   lands  is  ono 

cu    V  hIkI  r'f """  ""1  '".'■  ""'^'  '-^-'y-^^--  Por  cent,  payable  at  the  time  of 
nn  IV    ;  .  ocmmed  within   one  year;   other  ter.ns  of  pay.nent   same   as 

noted  above  for  other  lands.       Settlers  have  the  right  of   pre-(Mnption    howoveT 

prt:;!:;^::?  .r "  '•^'"?  '^'"  ''^''''  '"'"-'^  ••^""^•'  "^■^'  years':;.c.C"y'.n7  ^ 

provemont    and  npon  complying  with  certain  co.iditio.is  :is  to  drainage       When 

TAIil.K  OK   LANDS   UY  OOUNTIKS. 

The   followi.  r   table   shows,  by   counties,  the   nu.nber  of  acres  of  land   of  the 
three  chusses  named,  hold  by  the  State:* 


CWINTIKS. 


Alcona 

AUega.i ,  . .. 

Alpena 

Antrim 

Bay ; 

Benzie 

Charlevoix . 

('heboyga.i . 

<'bipi)ewa  .. 

<-lare    . 

CJravvford 

Delta 

E.nmot 

Gladwin   . 
G'd  Traverse 
Oratiot .... 
Houghton . 

Huron 

Iosco  

Isabella... 
Kalkaska  . .  . . 
Keweenaw... 

Lake 

Leelanaw  . 
Mackinaw . 
Manistee 


I'l'iniiiry 
SoIkxiI 
I.iiiuIk, 


Agr.  Coll. 
LuikIh. 


20,1 50.43 


1,280 
11,098.53 

(j,'08() 

:i,n25.0!) 

5.135.04 


4.440 

],08;}.7« 

7,(i40 

5,120 

2,743.72 

2,400 

2,100 

9,247.44 
30.930.21 

2,355.4!) 

5,723.50 
17.749.50 
5.877.50 
1.731.97 
2,045 
1,080 
20.809.35 
0,537.50 
5,094.83 
1.720 
0.280 
4.008.40 
2,997.05 
1,547.75 
10,089.851.     . 
3,408       10,520 


Swiiiiip  LandA. 


COUNTIEP. 


Primary 
Heliodl 
LhikIk. 


Agr.  (\)11. 
Lands. 


1,000 

20,995.88 
0.515.31 


28.354. 
2,570 
111.983 
3.008 
9.837 
5.495 
0.088 
44,142 
t443,972 
0.951, 
17.238, 
147.372. 
18.084 
8.702 
5.358 
4,050 
t70,059. 
27,009. 
25,550. 
1,880 
12.372 
t4.007 
3.782 
2,518. 
t293.485. 
11,904 


.09  Maniton 

.03  Marquette  . . 

.8li  Mason 

1.04' Mecosta 

.10  Menominee 

.98  Midland 

.03|  Missaukee ..  . 

.41!  Moni-oe 

.44  Mo.itmo.-oncy 
,30,  Muskegon 
,p9' (Newaygo  .  .  . 
39  Oceanii 


.7l|jOge.naw 

.59,|0.itonagon  . 
.47i  Osceola 
.83  Oscoda  . . 

.82lOtsego 

.12|Presquc  Isle 
.07iiKosco.n.iion 
■08,  Saginaw  .  .  . 
.92  Sa.iilac .. 
.13|;Sohoolciaft 

.99|St.  (^hxir 

:2r)!|Tuscola . 


Wexford. 


2.015.55 
43,148.87 

2.405.40 

001.91 

15,.502.25 

1.335.12 

3.040 
25(!.9] 

7.200 

2.878.28 

2.515.84 

(i80 
3,702.09 
38.039.90 
2.(i39.40 
(i.200 
5,888.38 
8,831 
4,005.80 
2,770.89 
7.440 
i7,002.97 

300 
3.040 
3.720 


Swaini)  Landd. 


3,915.94 
9.922^95 


17.105.27 

0.470.13 

9(i0.00 


28..30O 


2.744.75 

t220.54o.70 

8.327.83 

2,.'J25.84 

101.234.00 

3.555.29 

24.225.18 

3,881.31 

43.707.91 
4,032.80 
5,074.85 
3,040.20 
7,327.38 

93,909.48 
3.004.40 
4.003.89 

12,747.02 
124,008.34 

31.789.50 
4,227.03 

27,354.50 
t404,044.84 
4,410.81 

10.348.59 
.3.480.00 


private  .ntry.  ,>euan.g  ll.o  «„,..•.{  It  grants  maao  ■for-mUroi.dpVu^'^ses'l.i'^^^^^^^^^  ^'■°" 


Public  Lands. 


23 


RAILROAD  AND  CANAL   LANDS. 

aittin.ilo  Mction.s  of  lan.l  to   a   given   extent   sliould   bo  griuitea  to  Michi.r.m  for 
the  purpoM.  of  bnihling  certain  railroads.     The  principal  grants    v  re    o  the  FHn 

FUNT  AND   1-KUK   MAUQUETTE   HAILWAY   LANDS. 

Of  ur.Ini'V"".'  ^'^'^^',^:"-^'>""t«  K'^il^vay  offers  for  sale  the  entire  unsold  portion 
of     ts  land  grant,  consisting  of  250,000  acres  In  the  central  portion  of  the  Lower 

rf";;;;:t.;  '•;  r'if  ;£'s" ""' ";' '"'''  '"'^^''^'"'-  '''^^  '-^'« "« -  •^^'if  rd 

01  till,  load  west  of  the  bagmavv  river,  and  in  the  following  counties- 


„^'":'"'y-  Acres. 

M'f1'"Hl 14400 

Gludyyui .2.200 

^''V",, 21,000 

i?'"'«H* 7:800 

Mecosta ;i;j  100 


^^"""'y-  Acres. 

?«fola 0,900 

'j;^^^ 65,200 

^[''^^"yS" 36000 

f^™'-^"'' 0900 

M-'**0'' 05,100 


The  lands  in  the  seven  first  named  comities  lie  east  of  the  Muskejron  river 
and  are  farnii,^  lands,  with  the  exception  of  17,500  acres  in  Clare  cttrand 
^Ztr^'nle    ;■"?'  *•-"">■•.•"-■''>•  -.l"<^"lo  for  pine,  of  which  there  Is  a  bea  t 

fnig  a„d';.;nir" " '"'  '"'^'^^^"  '--^  ^^'--^  '^'-^^"^  ^"^"'-'  ^— » 

falMlowever  '^i/'ST^  """  '"'":'  ^"""'"'^  '"'^  ""'^'-''"^  "'-''  -'»>  sufilcient 
fall,  ho^^ eve.,  lor  good  drainage,  an.l  are  mainly   timbered  with  hard  woods-oak 

beech,  maple     ynn  or  basswood,  elm.  etc..  with  some  scattering  p  no      Tit  lands' 

n  Gladwin,     lare.  Isabella.  Jlecosta  and   (X^ceola  counties  are  ^ontlv  rollim.   of  . 

loamy,  gravelly  soil,  with  nmnerons  springs  of  pure   water.      The  timber    s"'prhi- 

cipally  beech  an.l  maple,  with  occasion.al  belts  of  pine  ^ 

The  east  side  of  Lake  and  Newaygo  counties  is  substantiallv  like  the  foregoing 
with  a  larger  proportion  of  pine.  In  the  west  part  of  Lake  c^^nnty  are  found  S 
siderable  sandy  ,,Iains.  v.-.y  easily  cleared  and  cultivated 

Mason  .and  O.rana  counties  lie  on  the  east  shore  of  Lake  Michigan,  in  the  cele- 
brated fruit  belt  Of  Michigan.  The  lands  are  timbered  with  bce^h.  „  ip  ia  l 
wood,  hemlock,  pine,  etc..  tlic  soil  loamv  and  productive 

The  pine  lands  have  been   carefully   estimated,  so   as  to   show  the   (uialitv    and 
qu.an  ity,  m   thousand  feet,   board  measure,  of  the   timber  on  e.ach  foitv.     e  lot 
am      he  price  o    such   timber  lands  will  range   from  $l.->5  to  $2.50  per' tt,  sand 

nit  ImT"  ,  n"''v  ''".""■"  """"'•  ^"""•^-  -although  valuable  mainly  fo  t  le 
wt;  ';';■;!'"■"."'•    *»••   «=^''ning    purposes   when   the    pine   shall    be  removed 

What  are  cal  ed  tanning  lands  as  .listingnishe.l  from  timber  lands,  are  those  vl  ^re 
the  principal  timber  is  hardwoo.l.  such  as  beech,  maple,  rock  elm  ef.  The  a  e 
good  farming  lands  and  arc  held  at  from  five  to  ten  dollars  pe  acre.  Terms  of 
payment  on  tanning  lands  are  one-quarter  down,  and  balan  e  in  three  to  five 
annual  payments,  with  annual  interest  at  seven  per  cent.  On  tin  bei  and  ot- 
quarter  down  ,u.d  bah-  i„  three  annual  payments,  with  interest  as  abov^  t 
land  to  be  paid  lor  before  the  timber  is  cut.  The  oflice  of  the  companv  Is  •  t 
Last  S.aginaw-Wm.  L.  Webber.  Commissioner.  ' 

LANDS   OF  TlIK  (iUAND  KAl'ID.S   AND  INDIANA   KAII.KOAD. 

The  limits  of  the  grant  to  the  Grand  Rapids  and  Tndiamv  Kaihvav  are  twentr 
imles  oa  either  side  of  the  original  line  of 'survey  of  the  rou'te  of  Uifroajand 


24 


Statistics  op  MrciiioAN. 


.•oini.ri.s..s  l,l(!(),;t82  acvs.  some  8;W,21!)  of  whirl,   have    1«.,m,  ,-0Mtln.,..,1   fn  tl  -  n 
.V..I.S.       ilu.  ia„,ls  ot  tl„.  C.n.pany  now  -.H,!  (br  salo  aro  lo,.a((.,l  as  lbll„v.s- 


,;''"""J-  Acres. 

Montcalm— alioiit  10  000 

^*'^^">'.":"                                 .--'-'.'.."  22,000 

.'^^■J""'*? 'I .  2r..ooo 

/fl"'"'^ 500 

"«f»l'l 87.000 

'"■''^<'                    (11.000 


CiilMily. 

AVcxlbrd 

^lissaiikcc 

<  J  rand  'I'ravcrsc 
Kalkaska 

Maiiisicc 

Anli'hn 
<'liarlcv<)i\-    ... 


Acres. 
12!),000 
fiS.OOO 
(Id.OOO 
IM.OOO 
4,000 
8«,000 
(12,000 


Already  about  150.000  anvs  l.av.  U-.n  di  .,,os.mI  of  for  „..arlv  ^OOOOOO      Tho... 
lands   are   tin,., .rod   with   l,....!.   and  n.aple,  eln,   and  other  1  a.'f    3^^ 
:im.ss,b  e  t..  the  best  n,arket,  by  water  and  ,ail,  an,l  a.-o  in  a  ,,,,•       f  tl      Sf'   e 
uneqnalled  for  health,  well  wate,-ed,  and  eon.i;,n.ons  to  the  -neat        it  L..'" 
tioa  of  the  oast  .shore  of  Lake  ^Miehi-r.,,,  "  '"'"'  '"'"'"^  >'*'''• 

their  wealth  and   hnsim-ss    power    ^ul:^VZ:^t^rt''::rZ'T''l 
1.000;  irowa.-d  (Mty,  1,000;  Hi,  Hapids,  ;,,200.    ^.d  ( .an,   L^Lr^;.;!;^'  ^""'"^  '''^''^y^ 

st.r?irt'r,-:^';:;:.;;:.";:,^S  ;^;:ve,:^  ';i;^  --.,.., -extend.,  n..., 

the  line  of  the  road,  and  when  it  is  e..nsi:,:::;:,  ;H:^'^t^e*;.  il  riaiirma  ^  "^l 
hem,  are  eove,-.M.  with  n.aple,  beeeh.  ash.  oak.  lynn,  bireh   an.l  e^^.a         /e  "pe^^ 

.;r  '      .         r     .  '"T  "'^""'"^  '''''■'>'  '""'  -"".v-loan,,  an.l  riel,  riv.M'  1  .,  ton 

seet  on  of  M.eh.o-an  nu.st  ..v.M.tnally  be..on.e  on.,  of  ^n.n  in.portanee  a  ,.1  we.,1    . 

r...,  't'u     •";  »'."J""='"""    "'•   ''H"    .'-.Mties    ,lir....riy    north    an.l    .  .,Kl,-> "s      .r 

«  and  Kap.ds,  .s  ,,„,te  250.000.  and  .-apLlly   in..reasin.,  whil..   th,-  bnsi.u.     ^w 

ami  mannaetn,u,   i„,.M.,.sts  of  (i,-an.l   Kapi.ls.  IJu.kfor.i.   O.lar   Sp,.in Is   MoX  ' 

and   leoskev.    all    on    the   line    of  the    n.a.l.  ai'e   evi.len.'.'s    „f   ,h,.   .-uiiditv  w    h 
whieh  the  natn,-al  w.>alth  of  tl„.  .section  is  bei,,  develop...!  '         ' 

Ihe  Company^  otlu...  is^at  (i.-an.l  Kapids.  AVn..  A.  Ifowan,  bein.  Con.n.issioner. 

ivonS4;oSl)     .."'■''■•''         ""    '""'   '"•'""•^-'"f-      '!'"«    ln'"l^   a,.eheld   at 
lion,  «4  to  $10  per  acre,  one  .p.arter  down,  an.l   the  balanee  on  time  payn.ents. 

LAM).S   UK  nil.:  .,ACKSC.X.   l,AN.siNO   AM.  ,s.V(iIXAW    HAII.UOAI.. 

The  lunlts  of  this  gfrant  are  flftee.,  .niles  on  ea.-h  side  of  the   ori-nnal  line  of 
be      eontirmed  and  patented  to  the  Con.pany.      The  Jaekson,  Lans in,,  .t  l^n^^Z 

llZ    t      •  ^^'''"'''   *  '""'''""^  Kaih-oad  also  exten.ls  alon.r  the  west 

sule  of  the   g,-ant   and   thn.ngh    the  n,idst  of  the   lands  in  the    northe.".  counties! 


Portioi 

Hinori 

TI,o 

wood,  1 

Oak   is 

Other  \ 

ash,  th»! 

from  til 

the  n,aj 

oi-eeks  ii 

The 

as  follo' 

County. 

Gratiot . 
Saginaw 

Bay 

Ogemaw 
Roseomri 
Missankt 

The.se 
and  loca 
ment.s,  w 
longer  t; 
Commi.ss 


Of  the 
St.  Mary' 
constrneti 
Houghton 
"Mineral 
no  data  ii 
Horatio  I] 


Aggregi; 
follows : 


Oovernmei 
State  land 


Railway  la 
Canal  lands 


*  Not  repoi 
flUor  tlio  nan 
20).  Tlio  Von 
acres,  mostly 
per  acre. 


PlTBLIC   LanI>S. 


25 


Tlio   lan.lH  uro   well     i      1 '        ,'  ,  u    ^' '"  "T7  ''"'''''  "^  "»«^°  ''''^^^'^ 
W00.1,  ash,  honno.r    n            "  ;     '  ,:  l'  "' '  ^"7:'^^  1^"-'  '"-!"«,  beech,  bass- 
Oak   is   fo„...,    1,.   .;,..,  ;oc  ion  .      Ov    '  o      ^hS'^i'^l  ""^^     f  "^^''^  "-*  -'th- 
Other  valuabhi  tin.l......  ,..„  e, .,  .         '    "'"^".f''''*!   of  the  lands  are  "ph.o  lands." 


as 


The,  amount  of  unsold  lauds  of  the  c„„,pany  In  the  several 


counties  is  stated 


Acres. 


County. 

Acres. 

t»ratiot y„„ 

g^"- -•y.---y.v-::  3,?SS 

Roscommon  ....        iz^'^ 

Missaukee..        ,M^^ 

(),0()8 

on 
Barnes, 


County. 

Kalkaska ,,,,„„„ 

<'niwf«rd ,'Xl 

Otsetro  148,252 

Antrim..::; ^iw 

^'I'cboygan. .:::::::::;::::::::;:  iiff 


ments,  with  interest  annually  at  seven  n»..  "  .,  "■'^*'  ^''^''''^  '*»"»al  instal 
longer  time  if  desired  LjoZJv^  '^^^^^^^^^  ^^'^rmlng  lands  will  bo  sold  o 
Commissioner.  Company  s   olllce   is    at   Lunslng-O.   M.   Barnc 


8AULT  ST.  MAKIE  CANAL  LANDS. 

cOLStrnotlou  of  tl,o  work,  abi,      10  ()(£,..».      ?  "»,".»""»  »f  the  Company  on  tho 

"Mincal  E.,„gc,"  au,l  the  .eiiialiKler  »ro  a.  ,-l™i Z  i  ,     '^       f"'    ''"    "■'»"   "■« 
no  ,lala  at  lm,ul  f,on,  whiol,  to  °t,ril!f  ,  , ,"  ""'"S"»"».      There  is 

Iloratio  «l,e,ow,  or  «„,.„,„  Mar.;,';' Pr  "ll^rjth:'  ^i^L'r  '""^  ""  "="■ 

RECAPITULATIOX. 
f«.t^:r'°"'  ""'  '""•""  '""*  o-™"  '»  ™"T  «."■  «.t.cme„.  ■„  M,eh„a„  „„  a. 


<  el 


Government 
Htate  lands: 


Railway  lands . 
Canal  lands 


lands* 

Primary  Hciiooi 

Agricultural  College 
Swamp  lands . 
Other  State  lands  '" 


Acres. 

451,500.00 
447,318.87 
165,504.57 

2,514,364.43 
8,126.84 

1,514,202.00 
130,000.00 


until 

ICO.OOO 
tl.25 


26 


Statistics  ok  Mich rr; an. 


VI [.    ACnnOULTlJKK 

Tho  yarioly  of  nffrlnillural  pro.In.-tlon,  and  its  .lisUlbiitlon  I.y  vmnUlcn,  mo  sln.wn 
!)y  llio  tal.l,.s  xvl.irh  follow.      I.i  n-no-ato  products,  Mm  oI.I.t  .•ountlos  of  iio.<(<8- 

nil  1,0  h.un.1  lo  hohl  Koo.l  In  all  parts  of  ll.o  S.alo  wl.oro  in.,„ovo,nont  an.l  cnUl- 
vation  l.ayo  .vol  ,oaoh...l.  II  is  l,a/,ar.lin-  nolhin-  to  say  (l.ooanso  proven  by  oxporl- 
inont  so  lar  as  it  has  Loom  l.a.l)  that  will,  a  .iillonMU'o  of  n.oro  ihan  four  ami  n  half 
.loffroesot  hUltu.lo,  tho  samo  orops,  sul.staulially,  ami  uilh  II,.,  sa„,o  avo.a-o  of 
pro.h.otio.,,  that  a,-o  smnrsslully  j,n'ow„  oi,  a  li,.,-  .hawi,  oast  ai,.l  wost  wlih  it« 
oxlTo.nos  rosli„o.o„.AIo,„-oo  a,„l  I?o,->'io„  oountios,  will  l,,,  r,-ow„  wilh  o.p'.al  sikmmvss 
In  I  ros,i,.o  lslo,Cl,ol,oyj:an,ai„l  |.;„„„ot  oo.,„tios.  Tho  only  j.art  of  tin,  Stato  that 
can  p,-oporly  lHMlosin;„„,Ml  as.lislin^.nisho.l  for  any  s|,ooial  pn..lnollon,  is  tho  woll- 
known  "l.rnit  JJoll,-  oxton.lin-  alonj;  n.o  sho,..  of  I.ako  J\liohi;,'an,  f.-o,n  tho  south- 
west oornor  of  ll,o  Slato,  p,-aolioally  to  tho  .Sl,-aits  of  Mackinao.  Poaohos  and 
l)crrios  aro  thus  far  tlio  distins-nishino^  prodnotions  of  Ihis  .T^rjo,,,  whilo  pn.spoct- 
Ivcly  s:,-apcs  will  no  .lonl.t  l.o  la.-ftoly  cn.ltivalod,  as  Ihoy  .lopond  npon  Iho  samo 
Kei,o,-al  oond.t.ons  of  soil  ami  olimalo.  I5nt  whilo  thoso  aro  tho  spoolaltlos  of 
the  "lM',„t  l?oll,"  |l„.y  ai-o  also  s..oeessf,dly , raised  will,  olher  frnlls  of  tho  orchard 
in  tho  cenlral,  southern,  and  oastorii  parts  of  tho  Slalo. 

r.EOLOOY   OF    Til  10   SOU.. 

The  limiis  of  Ihis  work  will  permit  '.M.t  a  cnrso.y  ^.lance  at  tho  composition 
and  capacilies  ot  soil,  and  nothln^r  f,„.thpr  will  bo  olVced  under  Ihis  head  than  a 
few  comments  by  r.-of.  ^Vinoholl,  in  an  address  befo,-e  the  Htato  A-'rieidlnral 
hociety  ,n  ISO,..  After  explaining  at  some  len-th  tho  prol,ablo  Koolo-ical  foi-m.a- 
tion  of  the  soil,  ho  says: 

"Thus  was  conslilnted  the  basis  of  onr  soils.  Xo  olher  soils  In  the  Ion-  his- 
tory of  tho  world  have  been  fonndod  upon  a  proparalion  so  vast  and  so  complete, 
iho  o-poat  abundanee  of  snperlleial  materials  has  caused  the  rocks  to  lie  for  tho 
most  i)art,  several  feet  beneath  tho  surface.  The  dei,lh  of  Ihis  subsoil  secures  al; 
loiust  two  i.nporlant  advantages:  First,  tho  droushis  of  sum.nor  cannot  .Iry  out 
the  soil,  lor  ca]>illa,-y  attraction  continually  replenishes  it  IVon,  below.  Secondly 
wo  have  an  inexhaustible  slo,-e  of  Iho  saline  conlituenis  of  soils,  which  aro  per- 
petually drawn  to  tho  surface  with  the  moisture  which  rises  in  obedience  lo'eapil- 
laTor  •'*'""'   '""'   '"'"   '''^1'''''^''''   "^   *'"'   •'^""■'■"''^'   "■'>'^"   "'^'t    moisture    escapes    in 

Of  variety  of  productions  the  same  writer  says: 

"Our  soils  alVord  us  eve,y  variety  of  crops"  which  flourish  in  tho  temperate 
zone.  _  Ihere  is  „o  State  which  yields  better  returns  of  the  cereals.  In  re-.ird 
to  fruits,  It  would  seem  as  if  Pomona  herself  had  selected  Michigan  for  her  chosen 
abode.  I  am  prond  to  travel  over  the  northwest  and  hear  tho  acknowlod-nnent 
made,  that  lor  their  line  apples  Ihey  are  imlebted  to  :Michiffan.  *  Tho  samo  is 
true  ot-  stiawberries  and  other  smaller  fruits.  Behold  how  nature  herself  has 
selected  Michiffan  as  the  Held  for  the  perfection  of  some  of  her  wild  fruits.      The 


raspbor 
northwi 
nuts  pr( 
and  tho 
Rtaple  I 
successfi 
Htato  ca 
prodiici, 

Rtill    UIK 

prime  ri 
tor  dei>e 
poet  of 

Undei 
remarks 


The  \ 
in  the  SI 


Under  ;( 
Three  an 
Ten  and 
Twenty  u 
Fifty  and 


This  li 

of  8mall  I 

T/ 

The  fo 

I.  Th.> 
]8(M,  and 
1804,  1870, 
ties  of  the 

II.  Tho 
tho  averaji 
oonnties  ol 

III.  The 
If.  in  rcfija 

IV.  Tho 
of  tho  Stat 
in  the  Stat 

\ .  The  : 

cinnf  com 

of  sheep  sIk 

For  the 
counties  of 
Kula,  are  no 
counties." 


AoiirfULTmiK. 


27 


nulM  ,„..,. .,  I  /ah/,.,         t       ..  ;  r  """  '■'•••"""•'•••'-•      *      *      <"•  Mil  tl.„ 

'U..I  ••-   n.n„or  ovn/ll     ot,,  X     1  :;;.;''''' T.'"''  '''■";^''""""  •"  ^'"■•"K"". 
m.,-..,.ssfnlly  r..an.,         N,  x     l'„      i  "    '"'""''  ''"'   ""'"•'*''»   '""  vl""  nniy  bo 

pro,l„...,   „on,;   ..„t   IH,   H   .  „o,     '    ,        ^  ;i:;^''''r'^  ""'■'^'  "''''  '""^  «^- 

Htm  un.h...   ti.„  sl.,ul.,  of  ,1,0  n,n.s.        (  ,    L       ''''""'T  ^T  "'  """^  ^'''^"  '« 

prl.no  r,..,u..,st  a,„o„^.  ,.av:tlry  „  II...    .       A  „1    .         '       '!'"   '''"""•"'    '"   ^"'"•"-  '"■«    '" 

poct  of  Hoon  HluM.lln^^  pn.,.ml„!!„t."     '""~'^"'"'«'"'  "^''"'J"  l%>.,with  a  fair  inos- 

Tfador   tho    hoaij  of  "  M..|c...n,l..;ry    .„„i   (;ii,„„,„  „   ,„,„    ,       .        , 
remarks  applicabl,,  .....I.t  this  hoa.l?  '"'   ^"""^  """'°   ^"'•"'O'" 

NllMHKIt  AND  SIZK   OF  FAFIMH. 
Tlio  United  Stales  coiisns  rnnnrf  fnv  i«7n  „i         .• 
la  the  Slate  al  Uat  tln.o  ,1  Sv„:  '  ''"  '""  """""''  '"'^  '"='°  "^  <•""» 


Under  ll  acres j... 

Three  and  nnd.M-  10  "  it-r',.'.. 

Ten  and  under  20            y,W,\ 

Twenlyan.l  inider  r/o.;   •wy,,- 

Flfty  and  under  100               ',j  ■^■^ 


One  liundred  and  inider  500  12 175 

I'ive  iMindre.I  and  under  1,000  ""        '57 
One  Ihonsand  and  over  "'■'  k 


Tills  last  sehednle  is  of  InLeresi 


Of  Bn.all  ,arn,s  in  Ihe  larn.ln^  indniuy  :d- u!e  ^::!r'"'  '""'"'""""y  "'"  ^'^turo 
TAXAIU.IO   AM,  rnvnOYED  LAND  AND  FAIIM  I'ltODUCTS. 

The   followhl"   five    (ilili'i:    ii<m..>.!I.,.i    <•  .t 

I.  The  nnn.her  o  ^1  7  J  '  Hnd  ^  "'"^"77  "^"'^  ''  ^«"^'  «^-^  = 
1S.M,  and  187.,,  and  the  n.nnl  e  of  .  .-e"  ot  n  ro'v^T'  ,'  ''"  "'"""■^  "'  ^'^^' 
18C4,  1870,  and  187.|,  exhihitin-'  f„r  ,  le  S  ..f  ^"Tr  \  ""'''  ''"  '•''l'«>-t«'l  «»  1854, 
ties  of  tl,;  Slate;  '  '^'""'"'-  '^^"  "'«  '^l'^'"  ""'I  for  Iho  principal  improvo.l  coun- 

tho'avX"yu'!;c-"r'  r  uirsiT'^^  i '''-'-''  '^^  ^^"^^^  ''--^«'^.  -<^ 

.o.n.Ues  o^U^  Sla^l  l- r  uio'JealJ^^t^crlrmJr  ^^^^^^^^^  ^vhoat-^rowin, 
il.  i"n^::;..rt:r;u'^^  ''-'-  -^  ^"  ^"^  production  of  ;orn,  as  are  .hown  In  tabic 

of  u!!:  sui"::^  K^xie  vir^r  iS':;d^!T  ^^rt^^  '-•^"-"■^  -'-"- 

in  the  State  in  1803;  '  "'  ""''  "'°  *«t^^'^  «*'  ^''"i^'"-  Prodnction 

\.  The  mri.ber  of  the  diflbrcut  kinds  of  live  stock  named  in  (h.  ...     ■     , 

..r;i:;f:,.T:;,.:i  :;;"„^;,"- ""'-  -  -■■• »""  -  "=  '-^  .8c.r'::7'ir; 

coiiiitlcs."  o=".'=-"i»  Bonig  iiiduilcd  miller  the  head  of  "otlicr 


28 


StATISTICH   of   MiCtfKJAN. 


Statu  . . . 

Allcjfiiii 

Hurrv 

Uuy: 

Bprrioii 

Mriiiuli    .  ..   . . 

<'lllll(Mlll     _..      . 
(  'il.XM  . 
('lllllOII... 

Eiitoii 

tJoiicsco 

<lr.  'I'l-iivcrso .. 
(Irallot. 

Hills.lalp 

Huron 

lii^luuu 

lonlii  ... 

Isiilx'lla 

Jackson 

Knlania/.oo  . .  . 

Kent 

Keweonaw 

Lan«'»'r 

Loi'lanaw 

Lonawcf  

Tilvin^.stou  ..  . 

Mai'onib 

Manisf  ee 

MaRon 

Mpi'osta 

Midland 

Mouroo 

Montcalm  ...  . 

Mu.«k(>fjon 

Nfwavtfo 

Oakland 

Oceana 

Osocola 

Ottawa 

Saginaw  

Sanilac 

Shiawassee  ..  .. 

St.  Clair 

St.  .losoph 

TusiMila 

Van  Huron 

Washtenaw 

Wayue 

Other  counties . 


I.  At;UKa  OV  T/VXAIILK  A.M»  IMI'UOVEIJ  LAND.* 


HTATi; 

A  Nil 

(OlNTIliS. 


Taxaiii.k  I.anii. 


7,!i2i,r)(ii 

I7<!.(!t!» 
l!t7,'J(l| 


217,in:« 

27l.r.2<l 
;i-J2,-JU2 
l!2(l,!»;i(t 

2(l(l,7t!!» 

'j:t'i.o(;;i 

f)!V20!) 

':no,;"nf) 

'JtH),!l(l7 

2i;),s:jt) 

2!t7.11S 

:t08,2i;t 

'2!M,(i2t'i 

';Mti.:»r)2 
:in,7!>i 

225.;t27 


I'liHim  of 

IMII. 


2l!).2t!5 
128,lti:{ 

481t.22."> 


]!)0.s:is 

til,!»2f< 
()(i.(>40 

;u!.4:  . 

302.r>4^{ 

4i,!)i;j 

lit7.278 
41(Mi07 

:<25.;{80 

]10.(i50 


12,08(1,(1(11 

27(t,;i7!» 
258,!  I!  H) 

Mr.,r.(i2 
:«:!4.7(ii 

281.478 

;t8!i.irt2 

2!t|.S(;i 
2(12,524 

:i2i.!i:<() 

27!t.!»2l 

54.78!) 

151.(121 

:{:t!t,578 

141.014 
2;i!».508 
242.175 
20.112 
428,10(1 

:u;i.i4:t 

407,1188 

i:t;i,40!) 

;{04.58!) 
22.41»1 

:t!ti,i;n 

;M(i,85:{ 

257,;t48 

;n  8,2(18 
:ta.;»i:» 

44,!t02 

2i,:ti)0 

280,558 
251.55' 

ii;{,:i(K8 

21 0,48! » 
511,017 
1:17,881 


1(11.112 
l(l!l,52;i 
l(!7,!t20 
2tl;l.27(> 
282,188 
2!W.(;80 
127.788 
301,;U)5 
410,901 
;151).408 
.04(l,0i»l) 


i  VriNiiM 
1H7». 


iMi'mivKU  Land, 


rtlMIIN  lif 

1S04. 


2(l,5:tO,1  (18.85  2,1i;i,!l85  .■1,(177,(145 


50!l,2(l!t.27 
;i:i7. 107.80 
4(15,252.54 
:t;t(l.(12(».05 

;ii7,;i8(i.75 

4:t!l.(12!».IO 
.'(02,081,75 
.'158.251.(17 
;t5(t.!t50.7(l 
;t!l4,757.4(i 
2(12,721.88 
:152.05!I.45 
;i(17.2I2.75 
4;f5.|07,(!(l 
;t40.277.;M 

:t:t8,7 17.50 

:M5,742.»14 
4:i7.152i75 

:i4;t,4(i7 

528,77:1.28 

202.!ttlO.!H! 

415,(H):t,.50 

14!),:t47.80 

45!),752.22 

:15!).472 

28!(.8!H1.7;{ 

25i».:»(!:j.5(i 

252,:125.04 

;i42,oi:».52 

777,4.-)4,78 
:i42,2;t5.27 

44i,:t04,;io 

270,157.01 
4!t5,40O..50 
5:t(),8.')8,25 
2!)(!,520.28 
:i27.844.4(i 

:i:t4.77:i.22 
48i),o:{2.!t:» 

548,1  tK),52 

:i2!>,;t04.8ii 

427,58:1.1  (i 
:105,5:12.50 
470,418.0:1 
:t80,45G.24 

4;i7,7:i!).i;i 
:i77,;0!).:i:{ 

0.(142.700.15 


I'llMtlN  I 

1*14. 


22.078 
27.807 

4(1.0.58 
(l!t.485 

I2i,02:t 

(17,0(10 
28.S70 

;t7.'25;i 

54.058 
III 

!I5,8:{0 

44.8(14 
47,20(1 

140,(171 
!l5,0;t(l 
(12,054 

44,2!"»i 

14:i,2!Hl 

101,147 

85,415 


(10,775 
5,977 

:i.6.'..s 
213,728 


1,S,:178 
2,072 

C.788 

:to.o4:i 

22,258 

10(),G70 

2.481 

:io,8:i8 

177,024 

95.451 

5,104 


"    000 

•i,:is() 
4,i:ii 

00,122 

122,(111 

1IM.055 

12:1,20:1 

(17,(Kt7 

77,:t80 

05,:i41 

4,5();t 

10,841 

1(10,010 

(1.080 

8;t,(ioo 
oi,(i;t(i 

2.475 

2l4,!t(17 

174.054 

i:!5.0(i;{ 

2,270 

78.4:t!» 

2,771 

210,2(18 

144,18(1 

10(1,077 

1.1.54 

77(1 

2,(1(18 

1,701 

100,!»55 

24,1  111 

8,701 

12,!)41 

278,747 

:t,879 


4(1,101 
24,585 
21,142 
04,01  ;i 
00,740 

ioi.:i(ii 

1!»,785 

8:1,751 

224,024 

1:17,708 

11,!)45 


('cnxniiiir 
I.S70. 


C'ciimiit  of 
JM74. 


5,088,057  5,540,8:10.0:1 


1OI.208 

llO.:ilil 

7,(145 

i:to.i  47 
i.5o.:t(iii 
2io,o:ti 

102.471 

ii;i.:ioi 

115.701 
172,18!! 

14,004 

40,870 
102,070 

25,284 
127,7:10 
15(1,007 

15,077 
251.0(1!) 
200.118 
20:1,710 
408 
108,120 

11,47(1 

20:1,240 

17!».748 

1.5:i,(l!)l 

2,401 

4,:i74 

10,704 
5,251 

I2:i,:t85 

48.422 
10,745 
21,!)87 
;(:i5,404 
11.844 
4,582 
82,002 

;i:i.:i85 

45.80;i 
110.840 

105,22:1 

105,5:18 
48,400 
124,522 
28:1,001 
172,21:1 
35,790 


144,028 
14S,707 
11,484.50 
151,117.24 
1(18,40:i.50 
242,.520 

i(io,(io;i.5o 

144,508.25 

i:i0,8|8 

170,.54l.50 

I5,o;io 

50,088 
215.'>08.5() 

28.110.50 
i:i0.877.50 
].52,;i(10 

18,120 
251,077 
210,880 
218,081 

11,087 
127,557 

i:i,:io7 

250,502,02 
185,002 
15:1,222.75 
0,5:14 
0.1:14.25 

l!l,(124 
7.001.55 
127.:i00.1(l 

57,5;ii).5r> 

20,174 

20,1  !)1 
3:11.100.25 

1!),;175 
8,010 

87.0:1:1.12 

07,020.12 

(i:i,018.55 
11 8,781. .50 
101,58I).o0 
107,404 

00.501 
147.501.50 
200.715 
180.254.75 

74,820.41 


f 


8TATI 

AMI 

COl'NTI 


State  ..  . 

Allo^riin . . 
Antnni . . 
Harry . .  . 

IJa.v 

Berrien  .. 
Hnvneh. . . 
(y^ilhoim.. 

( 'asH  

Clinton.. 

Eaton 

(ienoNeo 
CJr.  Travel 
(iratiot 
Ilillsdalo. 

Huron 

lufjliani    . 

loniii.. 

Isabella. 

•'ackson 

Kalaniazo( 

Kent 

T.apeer ... 
l-eelanaw  . 
Lenawee  . 
Mvin^stoii 
M.-iconil)  . . 

IVIecosla  .. 
Monroe 

^lontcalin  . 

Muske^foii  . 

Xewa\  iiro  . 

Oakland... 

Oceana  ... 

Osceola 

Ottawa... 

Saifinaw.. 

Saidlac 

Shiawassee 

.St.  (Jlair... 

St.  Joseph.. 

Tuscola  

Van  Ilureti. 

Washtenaw 

Wayne  . . .  . 

Other  couni 


•  Tho  fiicts  of  tliis  t!il>lo  nro  rolovant  to  ilnaiu-o  in  the  lijilit  of  tiixiition,  ns  writ  ns  to  nsriculturo. 

lO  tille  "  1 - '  '   •   '  "   ■        .       ..  •  

poses  or  not 


Tho  title  "iiuprovoil  liiiul,"  ooiui>vi'hemls  iiU  iiiiproveVl  l.Vnas.Viicther  i^sea  for  "aKricurtiinVlpur. 
not.  '^  '^ 


Agricultuue. 


29 


BTATK 

AMI 

COINTIKH. 


8 TATK  . .  . 

Alloj'iin  .  .    .  . 

AiitHin 

Hurry 

IJay 

Horrloii 

nr.uicli  

(.'alhoiin 

<  'iiss  .  .  . 
<'llMtOll 

Eiilo'i 

(iciipseo 

<ir.  'I'lavcrso 

•iraliot 

Hillsdale 

lliiroii 

lii;^:liaiii    ... 

loiiiu.. 

Isabfllii 

•lacUsoii 

Kalamazoo  . 

Kent 

I.apccr 

I.f'cliiimw 

KiMiaMco  .  . .  . 

Livingston 

Maconil)  . .  . 

^Iccosla 

Alonroc 

Montcalm 

Mnskc»;()n  ... 
N'('wav";o 

Oakhiml ;: 

Oi'canii 

Osocolii 

Ottawa ; 

Wa;?iiia\v 

Saullnc 

Shiawassee 

.St.  (.'lair .'; 

St.  Joseph 

Tuscola 

Van  IJiiren 

AVnshtenaw. 

Wayne 

Other  counties 


II. 


WIIKAT  JIAIIVKSTKI.,  ANO  AVKUAGK  VIKLIl  PEIl  ACBE. 


1809. 


Acrcn. 


47;j,ir)i 
■J.oio 


Illlnlliilii, 


7,128,101 


8,170 
8,'li2 

1-j,!h;4 
:ti,ri4;» 

1(!,407 

(!,7;{(i 

!»,5!)(i 

10,178 

12 

'22,126 

il,()!»-i 
11,!K)2 

4(),()("i;"i 
20,8><0 

i2.:i(io 

8,747 

28.2.12 
25,1  !)2 

i(i,;)o;( 
'i:i.r)r.8 

1,5U4 
49,17-) 


r.-.,ftfl5 

109,444 


]:ji),2i)r. 

207,!)74 
48(l,()4!( 
20i»,022 
08.7;»8 
112,028 
](i4,10() 


Avpr. 


icon 

12.1.3 


ia.;i8 

Ki.?).'! 

i:t.8!) 
ir!.2:t 
]2.7:j 

■     'io 

.  .,fj 


1H«.'). 


Acr*'H. 


1,227 

:m 

541 

0,111 

1.482 

24.(i7() 

117 

4.022 

43,528 

11,31)2 

850 


341.247 

1(5,00!") 
171,102 

054,201 

:i5;t.,sn 

170,281 
141,803 

540,l("t2 
300,425 
200,005 

103,077 
17,150 

'  -M-io 
779.044 


10,571 

7.210 

10,930 

74.171 

23,074 

305,021 

3.102 

03.011 

759,572 

171,200 

2,540 


15.42 

13.12 
14.27 

14.20 
10.94 
13.77 
l(i.21 

19.;"t2 
14.30 
12.30 

12.62 
10.75 

'7.48 
15.84 


843,881 

10,291 
77 
25,190 
149 
2(i,039 
27,W)5 
5(i,923 
37,751 
14,054 
1(!,751 
l(i,485 
1,031 
3,034 
.35,301 
1.3!»8 
18,(184 
34,107 
484 
50,0(10 1 
49,970 
43.405 
15.1  !)7 
311 
40,3.58 
33,295 
19,800 
420 
15,32 
4,943 
1,298 
2,174 
55,352 
044 


llunlii'U. 


15.95 
21.41 
20.20 
12.13 
15.50 
14.81 
27,02 
13,70 
17.45 
15.03 


8,008 

3,222 

4,172 

14,950 

10,03.3 

45,049 

4,091 

21,587 

47,723 

13,235 

985 


0,088,027 

210,454 
(!7(i 
272,380 
1,291 
341,303 
407,949 
835,583 
307,741 
97,i>0.3 
105,454 
117.820 
12,154 
18,871 
479.80!) 
13,784 
181,. '(02 
214.5(12 
.3,201 
7.i3.558 
082,032 
3.30.374 
108.715 
2.!)75 
477.825 
290,734 
220.732 
4.877 
179.(iO(l 
50.525 
10.078 1 
1!).317 
(i05.5!)0 
7,459 


AviT. 


87.885 

20,542 

3!),211 

109,301 

102,207 

517.495 

30,385 

295,135 

714,909 

181,145 

8,970 


11.48 

12.91 

8.77 
10.81 
8.00 
13.10 
14.01 
14.07 
10..*)3 
0.08 
9.87 
7.14 
11.78 
0.21 
13.5!) 
0.85 
!).70 
0.29 
(i.V3 
73.09 
i;i.04 
7.74 
11.10 
!).50 
11.83 
8.7.3 
11.14 
11.44 
11.71 
11.43 
12.84 
8.88 
10.!>4 
11.58 


10.89 

0.37 

!).39 

7.31 

10.18 

11.48 

8.89 

13.07 

14.08 

13.08 


W7a. 


Arrpn, 


1,134,484 

20,812 
708 
39,01 1 
514 
33,354 
3!),013 
05,777 
43,403 
30,97!) 
20,581 
32,173 
2.272 
9,2!)0 
42.902 
4,089 
30,715 
38,221 
2,812 
01,349 
03,478 
41,!)32 
22,704 
1,827 
41.588 
43,081 
21,270 
2,450 
17,9f)7 
10,251 
2„320 
3,!)95 
08,010 
3,074 
!)88 
14,4.50 
5,030 
11,250 
30.541 
15,330 
55,223 
9,185 
30,729 
02,310 
14,330 
3,810 


Iliinlicli'. 


15,450,202 


3.'i0,883 
10,852 
555,584 
11,042 
442,554 
48(1,089 
951,828 
588,241 
5(J5,552 
432,55!» 
478,710 
28,441 
1.33,997 
550,502 
07,407 
478.922 
594,519 
4.3,491 
739,075 
82!),.321 
5(;9..35.3 
352,075 
20,023 
554,720 
608,.58() 
277.010 
43,017 
201,173 
1(50,372 
30,.355 
53,003 
840,714 
41,809 
13.927 
217,594 
104,333 
147,118 
403,412 
210.140 
503,241 
140,070 
377,813 
870,401 
170,033 
57,607 


Avdr. 


13.02 

13.31 
15.33 
4.24 
21.48 
13.20 
12.47 
14.47 
13.55 
15.29 
10.27 
14.87 
12.51 
14.42 
12.81 
10.48 
15.59 
1 5,55 
15.40 
12.0.-) 
13.00 
13.57 
15.40 
14.24 
13.33 
13.10 
13.05 
17.80 
11.17 
15.04 
13.08 
13.26 
12.33 
13.00 
14.00 
15.05 
18.51 
13.07 
15.17 
13.09 
10.74 
15.00 
12.20 
14.06 
12.28 


'•  ,,:> 


30 


Statistics  op  Michigan. 


III. 


CORN  IIAUVKSTEU,  AXD  AVERAGE  YIELD  PER  ACRE. 


STATE 

ilNII 

COUNTIES. 


Acres, 


State 327,042 


7,818 
"7,020 


12,158 

i;j,41o 

10,072 

21,858 

4,490 

5,100 

7,09? 

13 

i3,Gi4 


0,033 
0,005 


Allegan 

Antrim 

Barry . .    . 

Bay 

Benzie 

Berrien 

Branch  

Calhoun 

Cass 

Clinton 

Eaton 

Genesee  

Gr.  Traverse  . , 

Gratiot 

Hillsdale 

Huron 

Ingham  

Ionia  

Isabella 

Jaclison 

Kalamazoo 

Kent 

Lapeer 

Leelanaw  . . 
Lenawee... 
Livingston. 

Macomb 

Manistee  . .  . 

-Alasoii 

Mecosta 
Mitlland..  . 

Monroe 

Montcalm ... 
Musivegou .  . 
Newaygo . 

Oalvlanil 

Oceana 

Osceola 

Ottawa 2,838 

Saginaw 253 

Sanilac 175 

Shiawassee 4,111 

St.  Clair..  ....      1.99;} 

St.  Joseph  .    ..    27,845 

Tuscola 307 

Van  Buren C,824 

Washtenaw  ...1  17,080 

Wayne l],805 

Other  coiiatie.s        394 


7,035,473 


113,504 
14S",879 


402,935 
373,820 
389,021 
570,4:39 
118,080 
100,951 
1 13,972 
250 

345,064 


14.51 


21.18 


17,189 

17,317 

8,977 

0,016 

23,230 
10,204 
14,064 


104,964 
151,680 


374,820 
503,741 
207  728 
120,754 

'5'M;J53 
.779 
1,473 


33.14 

27.80 
24.20 
26.37 
26.39 
20.72 
10.00 
19.23 

25.38 


10.190 

37 

10,947 

117 


241,895 
1,135 
214,189 

2,587 


17.39 
22.96 


21.80 
32.55 
23.14 
18.25 

'21.57 
19.00 
10.31 


9,745 
982 

" "  405 
23.801 


179,435 
19,001 

5,144 

478,090 


62.498 

6,903 

3,010 

64,947 

47,278 

044,482 

6,454 

210,254 

438,583 

31. '5,224 

7,001 


18.41 
19.90 

ii.oo 

20.11 


22.02 
27.28 
20.60 
15.79 
23.72 
23.14 
17.58 
30.81 
25.07 
20.70 


19,998 
17,447 
19,118 
20,912 
6,498 
7,498 
8,085 
370 
2,277 
22,044 
219 
8,993 
7.485 
578 
21,915 
22,471 
10,507 
0,079 
499 
29,027 
14,540 
O.-'Ol 
59 
98 
219 
153 
l.'>,879 
2,080 
703 
1,642 
22,315 
024 


4.061 

2.177 

273 

6,428 

2,763 

26,590 

2,332 

13,074 

20,716 

14,540 

75 


010,170 
498,372 
528,338 
G9<,074 
109,472 
108,698 
198,158 
9,386 
52,605 
555,009 
3,098 
193,893 
159,420 
8,639 
042,174 
714,572 
219.768 
141,904 
11,216 
726,778 
317,896 
232.988 
1,224 
2,581 
3,220 
3.650 
347,110 
39,570 
18,423 
19,080 
796,30 
15,019 


23.72 
30.07 
19.50 
22.11 


.  103.774 

40,054 

4,817 

120,070 

45,923 

044,020 

42,599 

405.587 

673,735 

340.024 

2,025 


30.51 

28.56 

27.63 

25.81 

26.08 

22.49 

22.81 1 

25.30 

23.12 

24.53 

16.88 

21.56 

21.29 

14.94 

29.30 

31.79 

13.31 

23.34 

22.47 

25.03 

21.85 

24.01 

20.74 

20.33 

14.70 

23.85 

25.00 

19.02 

26.20 

11.61 

35.68 

24.06 


22.26 
18..39 
17.64 
20.17 
10.02 
21.21 
18.26 
20.06 
32.47 
23.79 


19,045 
597 
17,089 
474 
734 
27,795 
27,210 
27,711 
35,509 
13,827 
25,808 
14,102 
1,108 
6,658 
29,881 
595 1 
15,318| 
15,996 
1,758 
29,203 
27,201 
19,186 
9,704 
1,313 
32,871 
17,300 
15,033 
648 
406 
1,210 
503 
18,420 
5,420 
2,123 
2.829 
30,804 
2,465 
740 
12,072 
5,314 
888 
10,750 
0,080 
20.771 
5,564 
23,739 
20.208 
19,930 
2.008 


I 


500,001 
12,711 
021,982 
28,853 
15,622 
829,718 
878.294 
1,079,161 
815,571 
496,207 
649,043 
394,882 
30,495 
208,105 
1,270.919 
14,427 
021,723 
474,015 
57,308 
1,172,851 
867,498 
504,902 
295,205 
20.754 
1,395.092 
511,508 
373,339 
19.723 
13,558 
37,579 
18.309 
002,9091 
173,030 
49,540 
00.615 
945,533 
55.205 
15,081 
317.692 
199,955 
28,194 
391,745 
191,127 
843,fi70 
187,901 
C62.087 
052,282 
681,200 
30,854 


29.40 

21.29 

30.39 

60.87 

21.28 

29.85 

32.27 

38.94 

22.90 

35.88 

25.14 

27.88 

26.10 

31.25 

42.73 

24.24 

40.58 

29.63 

32.64 

40.10 

31.89 

20.44 

30.42 

20.37 

42,44 

29.40 

24.83 

30.43 

27.33 

31.05 

36.39 

32.72 

32.03 

23.33 

23.54 

.'iO.OO 

22.30 

20.37 

28.80 

37.02 

31.75 

36.44 

31.13 

28.3:i 

33.77 

27.89 

30.33 

34.10 


Agriculture. 


31 


IV.     GUAIX,  OTIIKU  THAN  WHEAT  AND  COKN,  AND  OXIIEB  FAKM  PKODUCK. 


COUNTIES. 


Allegan...  .. 

Antrim 

Barry . . 
Bay 

Berrien 

Branch  

Calhoun 

Cass 

Clinton 

Eaton 

Emmet 

Genesee 

Gr.  Traverse 
Gratiot ..  . 
Hillsdale  .  .  . 

Huron 

Ingham  

Ionia 

Isabella 

Jackson  

Kalaniizoo 

Kent 

Lapeer 

Leelanaw  . . . 
Lenawee .  .  . 
Livingston.. 
Macomb  .... 
Manistee .  .  . 

Mason . . 

Mecosta  .... 

Midland 

Monroe 

Montcalm  . .. 
Muskegon  . 
Newaygo 

Oakland 

Oceana 

Osceola 

Otta\va 

Haginaw  

Sanilac  ..... 
Shiawassee.. 

3 1.  Clair 

St.  Joseph . . . 

Tuscola 

Van  Buren  . . 
Washtenaw  . 
Wayne  .  . . 
Other  Go's 


Total,  1873 
18G3 


Gmin,  otlior 
tlmii  Whciit 
and  Corn, 
litislieU. 


264,485 
17,819 
2()0,0()3 
23,875 
217,012 
245,222 
417,081 
152,130 
449,423 
428,393 
9,635 
655,127 
44,707 
197,731 
290,335 
118,077 
372,438 
444,830 
00,479 
374,854 
177,000 
503,433 
402,122 
41,928 
410,440 
438,521 
608,284 
•21,070 
10,481 
09,410 
27,585 
412,450 
140.841 
58,358 
01,220 
879,29 
40,5«0 
30,303 
330,038 
207,974 
359,088 
356,432 
093,973 
123,047 
232,195 
149,330 
443,741 
020,950 
121,013 


I'otlltOPS, 


112,024 
40,215 

105,840 
61,472 
97,400 
135,300 
144.533 
88,035 
90,390 
109.473 
24,898 
183,000 
56.017 
07,478 
110,394 
07,500 
122,383 
140,884 
35,285 
158,115 
90.888 
203,860 
133,209 
54,154 
145,638 
121,703 
188.890 
32,735 
44.199 
50,523 
22,410 
117.904 
84.549 
43,591 
45,005 
332,106 
59,337 
30,135 
160,387 
105,243 
91,394 
110,280 
201,239 
110,423 
146,102 
82,912 
143,008 
262,338 
306,009 


13,209,758 1  P,G1 8,863 
14,058,271 


Hn.v,  Tons. 


31,548 
2,093 
23,409 
5,810 
23,798 
23,489 
31,377 
18,509 
28,106 
27,714 
225 
34,962 
5,247 
13,662 
39,158 
8,631 
33,400 
33,484! 
4,819 
82,207 
22,870 
43,552 
23,860 
3,436 
70,380 
34,738 
27,965 
1,919 
2,145 
6,038 
3,401 
31,337: 
13,970 
7,718 
9,106 
51,048 
0,714 
2,307 
20,190 
22,857 
10,124 
29,007 
29,895 
20.309 
17,075 
22,034 
51,927 
39,849 
18,606 


Wool, 


114,040 
365 
173,570 
1,041 
98,000 
191,048 
486,355 
131,018 
175,909 
104;393 
120 
300,090 
1.355 
46,029 
308,799 
14,235 
237,109 
299,816 
7,388 
568,497 
283,911 
251.072 
184.557 
1,077 
472,521 
435,171 
202.178 
528 
40 
4,073 
872 
119,277 
52,096 
9,438 
9,952 
595.180 
2.811 
1.830 
56.901 
25,512 
37,447 
180,277 
103,450 
101,190 
49,982 
127,879 
797,892 
141,000 
2,042 


1,134,077  7,729,011 
843,347  7,260,934 


Pork,  Llie. 
JIuikc'U'J. 


1,039,700 

16,325 

1,237,337 

8,192 

2,240,067 

2,(il3,828 

2,331,092 

4,852,011 

1,040,847 

1,123,936 

9,147 

876,132 

3,517 

203,333 

2,930,753 

24,479 

1,208,072 

911,359 

38,502 

1,882,172 

2,743,470 

1,145,944 

676,560 

3,355 

4,303,879 

1.001,756 

920,089 

15,141 

4,150 

15,521 

3,910 

1,268,507 

219,852 


CiiceBc, 


34,308 
"4,93i 


49,630 
70,188 
10,498 
0,092 
21,916 
184,468 


44,400 

2,092.097 

93,590 

5,420 

305,240 

106,746 

168,045 

793,640 

344,137 

2.294,270 

151,071 

1,843,985 

1,763,199 

1,226,037 

55,105 


48,434,106 
33,135,(i02 


140,800 

150 

3,473 

243,046 

140 

114,203 

47,479 

250 

0,908 

10,128 

17,285 

10,800 

200 

2,005,909 

2,255 

73,105 

10 

10 

ioo 

69,353 
0,165 
150 


203,057 
135 


14,709 
12,715 

8,7(iO 

34.380 

128,351 

555 

24,235 

117,092 

80,990 

258,035 

186 


4,101,012 
1,580,945 


liuttcr, 
I'uuiiiis. 


1,101,970 
41,309 
880,9691 
83,935 
539,444 
935,342 
1,019,921 
455,184 
811,820 
910,554 
2,507 
904,482 
94,042 
387,893 
1,281,995 
137.904 
1,025,039 
700.819 
111,978 
900,139 
728,200 
901,808 
059,162 
58,304 
1,831,950 
725.941 
709.120 
38.550 
35,306 
80,307 
54,023 
741,207 
299.247 
115;927 
151,103 
1,824.391 
132.493 
34,101 
650,860 
405,368 
340,954 
743,353 
719,312 
042,350 
432,430 
044,474 
727,079 
845,709 
184,204 


27,972,117 

13,835,452 


Cider, 
liarrelg. 


2,465 


4,253 


7,920 

9,403 

li;309 

7,886 

3,529 

4,743 

8 

4,333 

7 

CO 

0,718 

93 

0,831 

3,897 

2 

12,820 

7,192 

2,272 

2,792 

14,360 
5.512 
3,209 


8,812 

297 

5 

30 

10,307 

12 

'289 

135 

35 

3,507 

1,158 

9,306 

30 

5,583 

13,332 

4,887 


182,347 
04,810 


32 


Statistics  of  Miohioan. 


V.    LIVK  STOCK  IN  THE  STATK   IX  1874,   AND  TOTAL  FOU   1804. 


COUNTIES. 


Allegan  . .  . . 
Barry  . 

Bay 

Berrien 

Branch 

Calhoun 

(/ass 

Clinton 

Eaton 

Grenesec 

Gr.  Traverse 

Gratiot 

Hillsdale.... 

Huron 

Ingham  

Ionia  

Isabella  .... 

•Tack.^ion 

Kalamazoo... 

Kent 

Lapeer 

Lenawee 

Livingston. .. 

Macoml) 

Marquette  ..  _ 
]Nrooosta 

Midland 

Monroe 

IMontoalm  .  .  . 
3Iu.>*kegon . 
Newaygo 
Oaklaiul 

Ottawa 

Saginaw  

Sanilac 

Shiawassee 

St,  Clair 

St.  Joseph  . .  . . 

Tuscola 

Van  Buron 

Washtenaw 

Wayne ." 

Other  counties 


Total,  1874. 
18G4.. 


Iforso»  Ono 
Your  01(1 
ami  Ovor. 


7,190 
0,817 
1.415 

7,820, 
0,8i»0| 
10,004 
0.r)47 
0,7!)!) 
7,050 
8.201 

58;} 
2.72!) 
!).578 
1,300 
7,018 
7,753 

0!);{ 

12.247 

!),411 

10.8!)l 

0.7201 

12.5481 

7.730, 

8.7S8. 

1.558! 

!)47l 

058^ 

8.201  I 

3.214' 

1.802: 

1,03!)  i 

14,130 

4.0!)1 

4.5!)5 

3.321 

5.985 

7.853 1 

7.7301 

3,1  !)4 

7.1751 
10.!)08 
13.!)30 

8,038 


281,394 
179,101 


Hiilofl. 


1.35 

130 
13 

141 
94 

134 

101 

103 
78 
73 
20 
!)0 

153 
59 
01 
71 
28 
187 

88 
124 

(J3 
179 

79 

37 
119 

28 

;ti 

124 

79 

07 

35 
14!)| 

0( 

52 

24 

83 

55 
104 

33 

98] 
103 
132 
277 


3,900 
1,115 


Work 
0.\oii. 


1,739 
1,132 
338 
374 
318 
440 
102 
1,915 
1,278 
1,233 
443 
],3(i5 
377 
1,382 1 
939 
1,754 
053 
380 
278 
1,009 
1.210 
3(i0 
027 
240 
141 
733 
301 
242 
1.23S 
14(i 
707 
333 
1.17! 
!)49 
1 .()()() 
1.407 
1.083 
103 
1.890 
778 
100 
257 
4,071 


Milrh 

COWB. 


38,901 
00,043 


9,009 
7.309 
1,443 
7,822 
10.504 
10,804 
0.144 
9.150 
10.272 
10,227 
1.171 
4.025 
11.583 
2,573 
8,()97| 
8.912 
1.331 
10.428 
8.200 
11,587 
7.44(i 
17.187 
7.438 
9.954 
572 
1.223 
080 
9.580 
3.500 
l.!)40l 
1.490 
14.397 
7.878 
0.070 
4.!)79 
8,419 
11,03!) 
7,078 
5.301 
7.50(> 
11.044 
13.857 
9,!)39 


321,732 
225,188 


OiiH  Yciir 
01(1  luul 
Over.* 


9,470 

9,(i33 
879 
0,771 
11,140 
9,490 
0,301 
11,405 
10,335 
10,427 
1.205 
5.539 
!),732 
2,719 
8,930 
9.414 
1.314 
!).577 
7.073 1 
10,!)55 
8.018 
14.4(il 
9.230 
7,941 
59 
1.127 
700 
!).917 
3.128 
1.50 
1.800 
11,02() 
7.404 
0,827 
0.030 
9.()!)4 
10.957 
0,027 
5.50!)  I 
0,031 
11,084 
8,114 
7,208 


307,554 
210,785 


.Swine  Ovpr 
Six  Months 
01(1. 


10,000 

12,349 
779 
10,248 
1(!,032 
22,712 
22,093 
10,705 
10,979 
9,210 
075 
5,093 
10,924 
2,(i34 
11,588 
10,584 
1.453 
14.754 
10.740 
13.200 
7.281 
18.812 
!).301 
!).295 
219 
!)45 
453 
10.555 
3,995 
1.875 
1.733 
13.(i98 
0.31() 
5.197 
4.138 
8.1 .32 1 
8.843 1 
10.847 
4.208 
12,!)35 
12,330 
9,742 
8,205 


*  Other  than  work  o.xon  and  milch  oous. 


401,719 
335,288 


Sliocj)  Over 
Six  Montli, 
OIJ. 


31,192 
41,289 
292 
25.505 
40.004 
81,405 
30,974 
43,004 
4.3,090 
00,219 
422 
12,359 
59,119 
4,051 
54,545 
07.001 
2,352 
112.974 
55,534 
00.571 
38.815 
!»0.919 
!)0.225 
57,211 


1,300 
270 
32.048 
13.544 
2,700 
3.051 
120,370 
10,450 
0,470 
!).492 
43.403 
20,8!)4 
32.083 
12,2221 
31.128 
143,102 
31,910 
2,802 


1,051,903 
2,053,350 


No.  of  8ho(>p 
Slii'nrud  in 
1S73. 


27,508 
44,955 
234 
24,092 
41,804 
!)0,849 
29.719 
42,312 
4.3,034 
05,502 
284 
11,582 
0;t,'^90 
3,240 
4!),348 
71,546 
1,804 
118,547 
0.3,854 
57,195 
38,003 
!)9,259 
90,4«0 
55,879 

"""V,67!) 
210 
30,100 
13.959 
2,048 
2,040 
128,1!)3 
14,290 
0,441 
8,710 
41,580 
24,343 
35,217 
10,050 
29,307 
150,934 
31,843 
2,241 


1,070,176 


The 
by  coun 


STA1 

ANI 

COUNT 


Statk  . . 

Allegan  . 
Barry . . . 
Berrien  . 
Branch . . 
Calhoun . 

Cass 

<''linton.. 
Eaton  . . . 
Genesee . 
Gr.  Trave 
Gratiot.. 
Hillsdale . 
Ingham . . 

Ionia 

•rackson.. 
Kalamazoi 

Kent 

Lapeer  . . . 
Lenawee. . 

*  Tlii.s  col 


reaches 


COUNTII 


Allegiin 

Barry 

Berrien 

Branch  

Calhoun .'. . 
Cass . . 
Clinton...! 

Eaton 

Genesee  ... 
Gr.  Traverse 
Gratiot... 
Hillsdale... 

I  nghain 

Ionia 

•Tackson 

Kalamazoo  . 

Kent 

Lapeer  

Lenawee  .. . 

T-ivlng8ton  . 


Agriculture. 


33 


KRUIT,  GRAPE,  AND  WINE  PRODUCT 

.  'r .::,  r  r  rs.:r:7  r  s,:.~rs  r  -ess 

^rm  of  Orchards,  and  Bushels  of  Apples  liaised. 


State 


Allegan 

Barry 

Borrleii  .... 

Branch 

Calhoun . . 

Cass v.; 

<'llnton 

Eaton 

Cenesee 

Or.  Traversed 
Cratlot . 

Hillsdalo 

Infthani 

Ionia 

•rack.son 

Kalamazoo 

Kent 

Lajjnor 

Lcnaweo 


237,098  7,243,140  5,928,275 


7,()9r 
5,743 
14,001 
7,727 
8.071 
0,207 
C,f)04 
0,934 
7,033 
1,133 
2.419 
9,180 
0,419 
7,040 
9.430 
7,040 
9,972 
4.750 
10,508 


09,293 
152,481 
200,810 
303,839 
322,713 
143,233 
180,390 
232,925 
270,571 
3,241 
24,407 
307.212 
253,703 
230.404 
334,110 
2(K),(i20 
282.780 
220.887 
400,044 


99,247 
105,030 
370,225, 
302.040 
325,427 
178,0031 
105,205 
137,779 
140,008 
4,952 
15,181 
350,245 
182,301 
129,355 
392,204 
171,030 
11 5,850  i 
113.040; 
432,129! 


COUNTIES. 


I'ivingston 

Macomb 

Mason ] 

Monroo 

Montcalm 

3fuskegon 

N(>\vaygo 

Oakland . 

Ocoana 

Ottawa 

Haginaw .^ 

Hanilao 

Shiawassee 

St.  Clair...;;; 

St.  Joseph 

Tuscola  -...;; 

Van  IJuren..;; 
"Washtenaw 

Wayne 

Other  counties 


Arplon,  Bushelo. 


1873. 


200,544 
134,897 
3,073 
270,440 
24,431 
9,519 
9,024 
357,878 
12,012 
39.494 
21,001 
18,024 
114,811 
77,047 
180,485 
21,917 
102,705 
333,819 
221,770 
17,081 


^^^-^ches^^  ,r  Vineyards-arapes,   Wine,  and  Dried  Fruits  Produced. 


COl'STIES. 


Allegan 

Barry 

Herrien 

Hranch  

<'alhoun .' 

Cass . 

Clinton...;;; 

Eaton 

Cenesee 

Cr.  Traverse.. 

Gratiot .. 

Hillsdale 

I  nghani 

Ionia 

•Tackson 

Kalamazoo  .  . . 

Kent 

Lapeer  

Lenawee         , . 
Livingston  .„ 


IVai'licH 

Itniacd,  III], 

1S72. 


32,737 
3,042 
140,450 
3,441 
4,953 
7,031 


I'carlics         VincviinlH, 
Riiiw'<l,  1)11.,      Aires  and 
1873.        I  lOOtliH,  1U74, 


1,185 
'""34 


0,230 

173 

2,357 

52 

30 

408 

'    '32" 


973 

250 

1.058 

1,900 

14,027 

15,501 

736 

307 

1,013 


297 


27 

56 
67 
61 
503 
51 
15 
61 


52.10 

5.0.3 

243.75 

5.00 

13.02 

42.25 

"4.25' 
10.75 

0.51 

5 

7 

7.50 
20.88 

6.75 
43.50 
38.13 

9.74 
16.25 


nmjii's    I'm-  Ompcs   I'ri>. 


<1 1,  Lis. 

1872, 


1,005 

293 

3,501 

813 

433 

538 

'225" 

130 

150 

41 

290 

453 

381 

211 

3,657 

474 

118 

204 


•lii'i'd,  l.lig. 
1873. 


1,731 

297 

5,4as 

807 
0(i5 
494 

'"140' 
408 
212 
03 
394 
484 
437 
246 

3,314 
791 
1.34 
3U5 


Winn  I'ro. 
<ln<i'd,  Gal., 
1873. 


241 

200 

4.000 

000 

no 

900 

"46' 


Dried    Fniit 
Marki'tod, 
libH.,  1873. 


40,500 
38,304 
39,591 
317.410 
212,008 
76,722 
18,447 
52,687 
14,053 


30 


1,432 

313,362 

130,732 

31,465 

294,073 

61,457 

18,951 

52.725 

256,"907 

152,728 


34 


Statistics  of  Miciikian. 


Peaches  lM»ed-Areaof  Vincyimh-Orapc,,  Wino,  clc.-ConlinuciJ. 


COUNTIES. 


Miifomb 

Monroo   

Muskoji^ou .... 

Oakland 

Oceana 

Ottawa 

Shiawassoo 

St.  Ji)S(>])h 

Van  Biiion 

Waslitenaw .  .  . 

Wayne 

Other  counties. 


ronclios 
Uuisi'il,  Uii., 

im. 


215 


l,2(j;{ 

](i4 

1,7G4 

11,G70 

4,r)!)!V 
G2,92!) 
3,022 

1,155 


IVnrliPB 
liaiHcil,  lln,, 


;io 


Total,  State..     318,554 


2(10 
287 
375 
701 

12(V 
0,072 

88 


VlhcyarilH, 

Aires  niiil 

lOOlliB,  1874, 


Oiiii  H  I'lo.  Grnpps  Pro. 
(III.  .il  Lbs,,  ilui'i'il,  LL»., 
lH7i  1878. 


382 


22,0G9 


5.31 

1(10 

158.4!) 

1,U8'J 

58.75 

1,2S(J 

1!).25 

250 

7.60 

110 

11G.04 

2,721 

----- 

235" 

42 

(i!)0 

7.25 

3()7 

40.75 

841 

21.88 

1,025 

1,029.04 

23,235 

123 

2,20!) 

1,002 

300 

lOH 

3,773 

2i6' 

881 

530 

7(iO 

1,807 


\Vln«i  I'm 

llllCl'll,  Cilll., 

1.S73. 


29,001 


500 
34,300 


480 


1,410 

"18 

0,028 

100 

120 

1,500 


50,851 


I'rlid    Fruit 
Miukotcd, 
Ivl-N.,  1873. 


28,098 
45,537 


04,774 

1,49^? 

4,581 

28,014 

00,888 

80,402 

140,044 

20,201 

10,002 


2,004,709 


AGGUEGATES  AT  WEFEISENT  PERIODS. 

A  Study  Of  the  foregoing  tables  will  show  iu  what  counties  the  various  articles 
are  produced  or  the  most  largely  prodn.vd;  but  the  more  concise  suunnary  of  the 


Wheat— acres  harvested  pnu-eding  vear 
Wheat— bushels  raised  jirecediiig  year 
Wheat— average  inunber  bushels'per  acre 
Corn— acres  harvested  preceding  year 
Corn— bushels  raised  preccding'year 
Corn— average  number  of  busliels  per  acre' 
Grain— (other  than  wheat  and  corn)  bush- 
els raised  preceding  vcar 

Potatoes— bushels  raisc'd  preceding  year  " 

Hay— tons  cut  i)receding  year 

Wool— pounds  sheared  preceding  year 
Pork- pounds  nuirketed  precediii"-  year 
Cheese— pounds  made  i)recediiig  year..] 

Butter— pounds  made  preceding  year 

Fruit- pounds  dried  for  market  nreeedinir 

year '' 

Cider — barrels  made  preceding  year 

Wine— gallons  made  preceding  vear 

Iruit  and  Vegetables— cans  (2 'lb)  cainied 

for  market  preceding  year. 
Maple  Sugar— pounds  made  present  vear"' 
Horses,  one  year  old  and  over,  immber  of 

Mules,  number  of 

Work  Oxen,  number  of  . . . ! 

Milch  Cows,  number  of '_'_'_ 

Neat  Cattle,  one  year  old  and  over  (other 

than  oxen  and  cows),  number  of 
Swiue  over  six  months  old,  number  of 
Sheep  over  six  months  old,  immbor  of 
Sheep  sheared  the  preceding  year 


CoUSUH   of 

1S71. 


1.134,484 

15,450,202 

13.02 

041,320 

20,702.01 1 

32.42 

13,209,758 
5,018,803 
1,134,077 
7.729,011 

48.434,100 
4,101,912 

27,072,117 

2,004,:  00 

182,347 

50,851 

1,003,803 

4,310,793 

281,304 

3.900 

38,001 

321,732! 

■       I 

307,554 

401,719 

1,051,800 

1,670,170 


C'cnsiirt  of 
1S70. 


10,205,772 
i  4^374,038 


10.112,483 

10,2;!]  .033 

1.285..')3( 

8,804,80() 

i. '700.420 
24,300.139 


CCIIHIIB    of 

18UI, 


22,01.') 


1.780,041 

220,247 

2,302 

30,482 

251,270 

285.449 

404,701 

1,984,904 


843,881 

0,088,027 

11.48 

427,520 

11.007,203 

25.74 

4.195,244 

4.().->S.271 
8.i;i.340 

7.200,0:!4 
33.135,(;02 

1.580.045 
13,835,45-> 


04.810 
5,550 


4,048.000 

170,101 

1,115 

00,(i43 

225,188 

210,785 

3.35,288 

2,053,350 


(.'oriwiiB  of 
1S5J. 


173,451 

7,128.U)4 

15.05 

327,042 

7.035,473 

23.30 

2.290,541 
2.942,520 

400,351 

2,(i80,747 

11,274,571 

770,630 
7,020,552 


1,042,250 

01,713 

100 

07,057 

130,209 

141,310 
239.901 
004,331 


As  tr 
and  Stat 
obtaiuin 
above  re 
the  Stat 
rcliabilil 
census  r( 
the  grea 
approxin 


From 
1874,  the 


There 
els.  Thi 
average  j 
total  yie 
cent,  mor 
census  of 


There 
average  o 
vested  in 
more  thai 


In  1804 
heading, 
only   tiie 
wheat  and 
classed  in 
was  incliul 
iu  1874  is 
buckwheat 


The  yif 

4.012,170  bi 


The  ha; 
cent,  of  th( 
for  1870. 

In  1873 
per  cent.  c( 
pounds.      I 


AURIOULTUEE. 


35 


IJELrABILlTY  OF  THE   .STATISTICS. 

nmi  sutlstloi  f(,i-  1874,  coininonts  at  consldciublo  ]ci.-(h  upon  tl-e  difflciiltv  nf 
obtaining  am.ntto  information  lu  rogard  to  minor  l^rodnitn  b„t  «"'?.  "^ ' 
above  ron.arlcs  are  in  „o  way  applicable  to  the  Htati^tlJs  of  tin   staple  pioducts  of 

const"  ^;,.  o?*;;-""'  "  ''  ""  r*''''^''"  ''^  •''"'""'^^"-  ^»  ^»-  U,.ited1  vtes 
census  repoit  ol   lh,0,  expresses  a  ^iuillar  opinion,  and  hence  it  is  bellevrwl   t\,Tf 

:;si",:"S™;."-« «"— """■"-. "-: .-.  «o,-:J",.:;':':;;:^'^.';;i; 

COMPAKATIVE  ACIGREOATES  OF  PRODUCTION. 

i8,r,x  "i;Tj«''rx'n- "" """  "■"""""  "■ "-  ^'"» ""'- "'»" »' 

WJIKAT. 

els.  ihis  IS  34.4J  per  eent.  greater  breadth  than  Mas  harvested  in  ISOa  The 
average  per  acre  was  L1G2  bushels.  The  average  In  1803  was  11.48  bushe it  'rhe 
total  yield  was  839,570  bushels  less  than  in  ISGlC  and  5,707,575  bushels,  or  ,0  52  per 

COKN. 

avertTorfJVr f'?'/  '"''''^'  ''  '"'•"  ''•■''•^^•^^'■^'  '"  ^«^^'  ^'•"'"  ^"'•''''^^  '-^-e^,  an 
vnOnfV    /,  '^'  ^'"'  '''''•      '^'"''^  '^  «'^'«'2'^  l^>>^h«l«  >"ore  than  was    u.r- 

more  than  was  harvested  in  1803.      The  average  per  acre  in  1803  was  25.74  busheL. 

AM,  OJIIICU  OUAIN. 

he.ui!,wfS'^"*''H'^"'  ^'•'''•''^y'  '^"^''^^^J'"'^'.  =i>Hl  ".met  were  included  under  the  abovo 
ho.uhng.  Lor  the  census  of  1874  the  strict  letter  of  the  law  was  followed  Z 
only   the   munber  of  bushels  of  "all   other  grain  raised"  (i.  a.  all    "  a  n  etent 

(i.issul  ui    lible  1   for  18<0,  and  it  is  not  probable   that  n.udi  if  any  other  -rain 

b:o;^;i;:t"^;o;;:d^nl^.'""  "■"•  ■"""  ^"^"'  ^"^  ^-^^^  -^  -^^'  >->-^'  ^-•^^■^-^  -' 

I'OTATOl'.S. 

The  yield  of  potatoes   was  1,500,502  bushels   "-reater  in  IS?-?  ti,.„i  ,-,.  i«e-j        i 
4.012,170  bushels,  or  82.08  per  cent.  U.s  than  wasCporLI  in  1870  '  ""' 

IIAV. 

The   iuty  crop  of  1873  exceeded   the  crop  of  18G3   by  290,731   tons,  or  34.47  per 
unt.^of  the  fonner  crop;  and  was  151,459  tons,  or  13.35  per  cent,  less  Umn  reporled 

WOOL  AND  SHEEP. 

oe/?.enfL"'°  *'*'f  ";?.°^  Clip  Of  Michigan  was  7,729,011  pounds,  an  increase  of  6.44 
I>ouruls.      I«   the  intro.Iuctory  remarks   to  the  statistics  of  1S04   the   average   per 


if 


ifii 


36 


Statistics  of  Michigan. 


head  in  1849  is  s  ated  at  2  pounds  11  4-5  ounces;  in  1853,  2  pounds  12^  ouiices;  in 
1859  2  pounds  121;,  ounces,  and  in  18G3,  3  pounds  8>^  ounces.  If  the  whole  number 
of  sheep  reported  in  1870  were  the  number  sheared  in  that  year,  the  average  yield 
per  head  was  4.40  pounds.      The  average   yield  per  head  for  six  years,  sfated  in 

fs^eXa^r  i8?rS;  ilil  4T''  '^  "  ''"""=  '''''  '•'''  '''''  '•'''  ''''^  ''''^ 

The  total  clip  in  the  State  in  1870  amounted  to  8,864,896  pounds.  The  number 
of  sheep  sheared  in  1873  was  1,676,176;  the  whole  number  of  sheep  reported  in 
18/0  was  1,984,904,  or  308,788  more  than  the  number  sheared  in  1873.  The  munbcr 
sheared  in  1873  has  been  estimated  by  the  Secretary  of  State  for  47  townships 
cities,  and  wards,  from  which  the  reports  showed  the  amount  of  wool  but  not  the' 
number  of  sheep  sheared.  The  basis  upon  which  the  estimate  was  made  for  any 
locality  was  the  average  yield  per  sheep  in  the  townships  of  the  same  county 
from  which  full  reports  were  received.  ' 

rORK    MARKETED. 

_     There  were  15,298,504  pounds  of  porlc  marketed  in  1873  more  than  in  1863-an 
increase  of  46.16  per  cent. 

BUTTER  AND  CHEESE. 

The  number  of  pounds  of  butter  made  in  1873  exceeded  the  number  of  pounds 
reported  in  1870  by  3,071,978,  or  15.11   per  cent,  of  the  production  of  1870,  an 
exceeded  the  production  of  1803  by  14,136,665    pounds,  or  102.17  per   cent       Tlie 
production  of  cheese   in  1873  was  4,101,912  i^ounds,  or  133   per  cent,  greater  than 

;rt'i8n''''rS"'  '''''^'''  ^*'""^^''  •'^-  '''^'  ^^--  -"^-  «-^t-  th^fu,:  pUS: 

tion  in  1863.  The  common  practice  among  dairymen  0"  sending  their  milk  to 
the  cheese  foctory  for  manufacture,  renders  it  not  improbable,  undei-  the  present  sys- 

ir//.  f  ";^  "^"^  '-•'^'T'  "''-^t  «o^"«  «f  the  cheese  may  have  been  reported  twice, 
once  at  the  factory  and  once  by  the  dairyman. 

CIDER  AND  WINE. 

There  were  182,347   b.arrels  of  cider  made  in  1873-117,531  barrels,  or  181.33  per 

0^1877''.'  ""  •'"'  '"'-'""f^'r'^  "'  ''"'•  ''''^''  '''''  "«*  '•«P«»'f'^^'  Jn  the  census 
of  18.0.  Ihe  wine  product  of  1863  was  reported  at  5,556  gallons,  for  1873,  50,851 
gallons,  an  increase  of  45,295  gallons,  or  more  than  8.15  per  cent.  The  q  lan  ity 
reported  in  1870  was  22,015  gallons.  According  to  the  present  census  ther"  w  re 
four  wine  making  establishments  in  the  State  in   1873-one  in  Bertrand,  Berrien 

Paw  Van  Buren  county.  The  statistics  do  not  show  the  quantity  manufactured 
at  these  establishments,  but  the  aggregate  amount  reported  fro.n  the  townsh'ps 
city  and  ward  where  they  are  located  is  42,350  g.allons,  of  which  31,500  galions' 
were  reported  from  the  third  ward,  Monroe  City. 

MAPLE  SUGAR. 

The  maple  sugar  made  in  1874  was  reported  at  4,319,793  pounds,  in  1870,  1,786- 
*41  pounds,  and  in  1864,  4,048,099  pounds.  In  1860  the  numbJr  of  pounds  repo  ed 
manufactured  was  3,973,780.  The  product  of  1874  exceeded  that  of  1870  by  2  833 152 
pounds,  or  141.78  per  cent.,  and  that  of  1864  by  271,694,  or  6.71  per  cent.       '      ' 

LIVE  STOCK. 

^^^^LT""^  ^^^'^^^  ^''"^'  ^"  Michigan  in  1874-an  Increase  of  53,147  over  1870 
and  102,293  over  1864.  Tiie  .umber  of  mules  was  3,906-1,544  more' than  in  IsJo, 
and  2,791  more  than  in  1864.      The  number  of  milch  cows  was  321,732-70,456  more 


it 
(( 
u 


Agriculture.  ^t^ 

than  in  1870,  and  90,544  more  thun  in  ih«4       mu 

than  oxen  and  cows  one  year  o  a  n.l  ovt  It  ToTm  f  T  ""^^  ^''^^^^ 
compared  with  1870,  and  9(^769  compared  with  804  ^^^il"'"""  ^"«f«  ^^  22,105 
8lx  months  old  was  401  719  ThisTooso  T  A  •  '^  number  of  swine  over 
in  1804.  The  nnmber  of  work  oxin  f '^/^^^V'"'"  "'  ''^*^'  ""^  ^^'^^  "^^^o  than 
than  m  1870,  and  2]!742  1esthanTn  1864  T.  '  '^  '''t  ""  =^«'»01-2419  more 
old  was  l,C51,899-a  decrease  of  3s5n.T  f'"!^''  ""^  '^^^'P  ^^•''-  «^^  "^^^ths 

with  1804.  ^^^'°^"  compared  with  1870,  and  401,457  compared 

FRUIT  AND  GARDEN  VEGETABLES.  ' 

lishfd^mt  tteltfte'lr SeriL"^^  ''''''"'''''  ^^^"  ^^^^^^  ^'^  ^"^ 
both  of  the  unmount  of  land  devo-dtf.,  ""T"''-  ^"^''^  '''''^'  '''  ^^^  S^ate, 
tables,  and  of  th  fru  t  p  oducls  o'  1872  a'nd' !«-?'""  "'  ''"''  ""^  ^'''''^  ^S^- 
1874,  are  presented  in  thJ  f^lSn^  stateme^s        '  "  "'"^^'  "'  "'"^  '^^"^"^  «^ 

Za«c?  Devoted  to  the  Production  of  Fruit  and  Garden  Vegetables. 

Orchards-apple,  peach,  pear,  plum,  and  cherrv  '*'"'"■ 

Vineyards '^     »,  aim  cnerry 237,098.00 

Raspberry  bushes ! 1,029.64 

Strawberry  vines 947.52 

Currant  and  gooseberry  biisheV 1,648.32 

-Melons  and  garden  vegetables  387.37 

8,421.00 

quantity  and  Value  of  Fruit  and  Garden  Vegetables  Baised  in  1872  and  1873. 

Apples-number  of  bushels  „  ^^^^"  ^^"• 

Peaches— number  of  bushels 7,243,146  5,028,275 

Fears— number  of  bushels          318,554  22,069 

Plums— number  of  bushels 33,932  40,857 

Cherries- number  of  bushels --  *^'301  3,607 

Crapes— number  of  cwt           60,958  66,746 

^Hrawberries- number  of  bushels 23,235  29,601 

vau,c  Of  .„,  .„e„  f„„f  .,„,  ,.Mcrv''.'i'e?S".*;;;:::;;;;;;  «,g?|J«  „|i»;S 

VALUE  OF  STAPLE  FARM  PRODUCTS. 

the  flrst  «„a  S'ntt  S™  of  ,h/,l  T  ""'  '""  ""■="  ■°'>""«  '»'  '=»™.  »» 

liftcoMlh  days  0  the  1».  two  ,wt  .  ""  "r"""  ""  ■""»""=»•  ■>»  "">  «"«  «1 
the  entire  twelve  moutta  for  bZlnn"/"'  "I  ""  ""■"  »""'  »"''•""■  "»J"  <>' 
^.ee„.,.  .ay,  of  aT.^  LS:r,rarer,;Sf»  tTol'^*""'  '"»  *"  '"O 
Value  of  wheat  raised  in  1873 

corn  raised  in  1873    «23,410,140 

"  potatoes  raised  in  1873 10,500,420 

pork  marketed  in  1873 4,(582,385 

butter  made  in  1873      2,654,898 

cheese  made  in  1873 6,713,308 

^^  wool  sheared  in  1873      591,358 

fruit  andgardenvegetables-raiVedinl-873,-as.hownby-census::      l^fi 


38 


Statistics  of  MiciiirMN. 


CHEESE  AND  BUTTER  FACTORIES. 

The  number  of  cheese  and  butter  factories,  and  their  nrodnrt   u  nr«,,n  i 
sented  with  the  products  of  agriculture       Thev  a  e  tw   "'  '     ,  ^    ^   ^  ""'P'"- 
census  report,  1874,  page  351-  ^     '"^  "'"'  ^*''"  ^^  counties-see 


STATK 

AN!) 

COUNTIES. 


State 

Branch  

Clinton 

Eaton 

Genesee  ... 
Hillsdale  . . . . 
Ingham  . . .  . 


AViioi.E 
Nlmdeii. 


36 

1 
1 
3 
4 
2 
2 


Capital  In- 
veated. 


§90,900 

2,000 
3,000 
7,300 
4,900 
10,100 
2,200 


Viiluo  of 

Producta.* 

COUNTIKS. 

$328,022 

Len.iwec. . 

IMonroe  . 

3,862 

Oakland  . . . 

2,371 

Tuscola 

17,000 

"Van  Buren. 

13,669 

Washtenaw . 

20,653 

Wayne 

1,875 

Wnnt.E 
Nimueh. 

Capital  III. 

VONtcd. 

10 
2 

1^24,000 

2,700 

2 
1 

11,400 
3,000 

1 

1,000 

2 

5 

4,000 
15,200 

Valiio  of 
ri'oducta.* 


$162,137 

6,000 

33,610 

2,000 

6,100 

10,000 

48,745 


Of  course  distinct  from  tho  much  larger  product  of  priv.ito  .lairica 
STATE  AGRICULTURAL    SOCIETY, 


•27,964.66,  with  a  balance  in  the  treasury  of  $5,338.36.  ^ 

NUMBER  OF   ENTRIES  AND  PREMIUMS  AWARDED 

is  a  clajsifled  statement  of  the  number  ( 
amount  of  premiums  oflered  and  awarded,  for  the  year  1875: 


!!!'.  ^I^!^?  ''  a  cla.sifled  statement  of  the  number  of  entries,  and  of  the 


CLASSIFICATION. 


Cattle 

Horses 

Sheep  and  swine 

Poultry 

Farm  products 

Farm  implements 

Vehicles 

Machinery 

Manufactures  ...[["]][[ 

Musical  instruments  and  sew- 
ing m.achines 

Painting,  needle  work  .and  art 
generally 

Miscellaneous 


Entri 


rKEMUIMS  OFFKnED. 


Miiiiry. 


164 

$2,741 

J  84 

2,674 

204 

953 

100 

332 

691 

Si)0 

227 

725 

42 

185 

77 

138 

582 

a 


Totals 

Speed  department . 


10 

752 
61 


2,656 


1,052  50 
122 


6 
17 
92 
11 
39 
38 


Medal. 


rilFMUMS  AWAHDED. 


?Ioiioj-. 


$10,216  50 
5,045 


$15,261  50 


71 

27 


1 
11 


32 
16 


$1,795 
2,028 
810 
107 
648 
650 
103 


Sledal. 


223 


12 
24 

9 

6 

16 


308 


65 


015  50 
70 


$7,058  50 
4,785 

$11,843  50 1 


13 

8 

90 


26 


From  tl 

oflerei 

That  tli 

Sho' 
The  pre 
The  awi 

Sho\ 


Next 

reported 

follow  ar 

It  will   b 

forth  thai 

is  one  of 

engaged 

Aware  of 

tries  of  tl 

letters  wc 

for  inforn 

that  no  d 

timber  .^h 

the  facts  i 


For  tho 
the  State, 
Lumberm.-i 


For  tho 

borders,  th< 
Among  (he 
the  pre-oni 
find  the  '-N 
of  warmer  '. 


Tho  whil 
from  Michl; 
of  the  ash 
highly  valu 
agricultural 
mental  llnis] 
the  list  of  V 


Lumber  and  Timber. 


"^mrS^^S::^  l^  '''''  '^"  --  *hat  the  total  of  ordinary  premiums 
mat  tho  amount  awarded  was"!."'!''. 

Tho'i^iilif.,^"^;;^^'^';!;!^  '^'^'^  over  awards!!' 
The  awards  amounted  to  ^  .  '  *''^'''"''  amounted  to 


Showln<j  as  excess  of 


premiums  over  awards 


39 


810,216  50 
7,058  50 


93,158  00 
6,045  00 
4,785  00 

«2C0  00 


1 
G 

'6 
8 


VIII.    LUMBER    AND    TIMBER, 

follow  arc  from  persons  and  sources  of  ir.  ^^'"■''  °"  ^^''  '"'^^^^^  ^vhich 
It  will  be  noticed  that  th  p  o  ,ct  of  tt'Tl' t '"'"'"^  ^^  ^'^  '^-^'^  -l-^>le. 
forth  than  those  of  the  harder  woods  for  Jho^.  W!  '''  "'°''*^  BPeciflcally  set 

is  one  of  great  .nagnitude,  i nc^^t co-oner.  iT"  ,  '*  "'•  ^^'"°  '""^^^^^  "^^•^•"•'^^t 
engaged  in  it,  through  wh  oh  s  atfctlc.l  nfo  .^  V  °'"^'"'"  ""''''''  "'"""^  "^ose 
Aware  of  the  great  Inn^ortance  1^,4^1  o^oth  7-  '1  ^'}'''''''  "'"^  l"-'^^'^'-^<'«l 
tries  of  the  State,  and  of  the  diffl,,^  Iv^f  '  ^'''""  ''^  *''"^<^'-'  ^^  the  Indus- 

letters  were  addreVsed  to  tt  ;^m;"^^^^^  ^•elatlvo  to  them, 

for  information  in  reird   to   t    2  ^'^"^''•'^tl-i?  the  timber  regions,  asking 

that  no  distinction  is  Co  Lr'  fen '"'"'•  "'''''  *"*''"  P'"^'  «'^1^1'<^«  «ho| 
timber  Shipped,  and  hen  tll^;t  ^atioT^Jrf"  *°  ,'',"  ^'""^  ''^  ^""^^  «^ 
the  ..ts  accessible  on  this  -.^oct  r '^^^J^st  gL^^l^l^Ll:^^-"'  ''  *^^' 

TIMBER  AREAS  OF   THE  STATE 

the'^Llerthe^n^irr^.;;'^::;:^^-  r^r^^  ^"•"^-  -^^  timber  interests  ot 
Lun.berm,-xn's  Gazette,  of  Bay  City:  '  *"  ""'''■  ""■  ^^-  "^^chkiss,  of  tho 

VAUIETIKS   OP  PINE  TIJIREH. 

bord::s:th;sS:  TuS:-::::z:'JIi:t^  ^^  ^^^'"^^  «^  *^-^-  -'".i„  i.^ 

Among  these  varieties  we  C  n  e  lo  "f ^^^^^^  ""'""  "''  .Msterhood  of  States, 
the  pre-eminent  position,  lotlf  .^s  o  xten  i  ^'T "  ^"''"'■'  '"''''''^  '^^  ''^'-S 
find  the  '-Norway"  pine  a  varietv.nLn  '^  '■"^"'"'  '"'^*^'^   ''^'"""^  ^^-'"^'h  we 

of  warn.or  latitudes^pLr^^jj/j^^"'^'^^'"""  ^'"^'•^  '"^'-^''^^  ^o  the  "Southern  pine" 

«AK  AXI>  OTHER  HARD  WOODS. 
The  white  oak  resources  of  thr.  t;rnf«  , 
.n   Michigan  taking  tl^lSl^:  ^^ ^r^.ll'r^^ J!!  '"^'^^  -^-^^^.  the  timber 


n-om   Michigan  l^ld;;^   l^V^,^    .  nk  i      h;'"""  ^^^  "''^^  ^'^^'^     -  "- 

of  the  ash  fa,nily,  both  w  Ue  a.  1  bad  ^e  ^'"7-"''  '''''''-  '''''  °^<'>"bers 
highly  valued,  the' former  en  rf  ^  H.elV  .to  t."  '"  ^T  ^'°'"^'"''  '''^'  «^« 
agrlcult,„-al  implements,  the  latte i^unrTiv  .o-  n  ?•  "''-^""^'^^ture  of  wagons,  and 
n^cntal  finishing  timber  whici^  s  ra  kflv  rll-t^  ''  .'"'''''•  ""'^  ""  ^-^ticlo  of  orna- 
the  list  of  vahmble  fancy  woods  I  vln,!  "f  *''""'^'  *  Prominent  place  la 
oj  woods.      In  years  gone  by  black  walnut  and  cheiy  have 


40 


Statistics  of  Michigan. 


In   .ome  BeetlonH  of  tho  State  entcrtul   largely  Into  the  llHt  of  n.unufacturoH   for 
export,  l.«t  no  consUIorabl,,  ho,li...  of  thorn  varlotlo.  „ro  „ow  to  be  found.      BoTh 
hard  am    sot     n.aplo   arc   still    fo.nul    In   groat   abundance,  but   have    not   an   ye 
entered  largely  into  the  manufacture  or  export  Htatl«tlo«  of  the   State.      In  ad^- 

TIMIIKU   l>ISri£ICT3  OF  TUK   STATK. 

tho^r''''T*'''^-"V;'\""'''""'''^"''*'''^"'"  ""^y  ^«  '"^'<''"'  l''t«  three  sections,  within 

he    boun.ls  o.  which  two  snb.llvl.ion.s   nuiy  be   n.a.le    to   distinguish   her   va  le 

timber  resources:  v.imlu 

DoLu  rjjiz:,:™':,^.;,"  '"■"'• """"« "■"  "•»'"  "^°"'  °" '"» ""» °f  "- 

III.   The  Upper  Tenlnsula  us  a  whole. 

These  subdivided,  we  will  consider  as  representing  the  two  varieties  of  timber 
-"hard"  and  "soft."  The  territory  lying  south  of  the  llrst  named  lino  (a  I 
majority  of  t  utt  north  of  the  second,  Including  the  Upper  Peninsula),  may  be  cJ 
down  as  hard  wood  lands,  upon  which  the  different  varieties  of  oal^^  as  ^  mlpTe 
b  ack  walnut,  cherry,  hen.lock,  and  other  varieties,  as  distinct  and  se^ara  e  ftom 
pine  do  now,  or  have  In  the  past,  abounded.  The  souther.i  portion  of  the  State 
received  the  earliest  attention  of  the  pioneers  who  first  enUgrated  to  Michigm. 
and  by  the  necessities  of  settlement  and  pnltlvation,  the  valuable  timber  of  the' 
section  has  been  greatly  reduced  as  an  article  of  commerce.      Of  this,  however     t 

r'n  intellt  f  f  "''^  "n  "'"'  '^""^  *"  ^^P"^^*'""'  '"'"^  conse^u'ent  Tel.'u 
of  .in  intelligent  people,  the  manufacture  of  the  thousand  and  one  of  the  smaller 

art  des  of  daily  consumption  and  use.  In  agricultural  Implements,  ft.rnlture    e 
s  leading  to  the  conservation  of  the  remaining  timber,  which  is  yet  to  prove  a 
source  of  no  inconsiderable  wealth  to  the  State. 

Between  the  first  and  second  lines  is  embraced  the  chief  wealth  of  Michigan,  as 

,nn  ,  f  ^'  '"■'  f  '•-^t'^f  ^'^  "»^1  valuable  tracts  of  pine  timber  to  be  found.  The 
T^nTo'L  f  ""''^^'•/"-l  timber,  by  careful  computation,  has  beeu  ascer- 
tained to  u  ye  been  in  lumber,  shingles,  and  lath,  during  the  year  1875,  no  less 
han  three  Mkon,  Uco  hun,Jrea  and  tkirty-eujht  mlUon,  nine  kunarel and  sMylfJe  thol 
sand  feet  board  measure.  The  amount  of  timber  manufactured  and  shipped  prin- 
cipally beyond  the  bounds  of  the  State  during  the  year  named,  fell  sE  of"^  t^  e 
product  of  severax  previous  years  by  at  least  800,000,000  feet.  These  figures  start- 
tMb  y\''-''''r::  ^^•!"  g've  a  faint  idea  of  the  immense  industries^nd  'yearly 
wealth  accruing  to  the  State,  from   this  source  alone;   but  when  we  consider  that 

X; '  fi  fC^^r'T'  Tr'''''^  ^'•^  P'-^^"*  ^'^'^  «^  consumption  can  be  mlin- 
tained  for  from  twelve  to  twenty  years  to  come  (authorities  diflering  on  this 
point),  and  we  find  that  at  the  shorter  period  Michig.in  has  still  within  hfr  borde 
thu^-n.,^  Mlions  of  feet  of  pine  timber  to  be  utilised  in  building  up  the  citS 
within  her  own  borders,  and  those  of  her  sister  States,  some  slight  comprehei^ion 
may  be  derived  of  the  wealth  of  her  timber  resources.  EmLced  witTr  he 
district  under  consideration,  are  the  more  extended  and  valuable  of  her  resources 

f  anv  s borl    f  ;^^      T^'  '^^  "^"'"^''  aggregate  value  of  which  can  fall  but  little 
u  any  short  of  the  value  of  pine. 

is  a^eo.!nfrv  '^'  '' r  "'^  •'""  "'^"*'«"'^'''  ^'^  extending  to  the  straits  of  Mackinaw, 

ve  adm  xf.,;?,  nf    ?  '"  T^^''  '^'''^'  ''•^^'  °'^''^'  '"^"'^  •^^'"'  ^^'^t^  occasional  exten- 
sive admixtures  of  pine.      Here  are  to  be  found  some  of  the  choicest  ornamental 


IvUMBEK  AND   TlMBKIl. 


il 


J. 

great 


THE  LUMBEIi  PJtODU(  T 

•   The   S„gi..aw  Valley   ^^ if     JS  '''  J™"'"'"  "»•'''■•  t»"ee  ...hilv  Ins- 
I  •   The  Shore,  oxten.lf,,.  7.'^  /  s.     '  ^"^'  r"^''""^'  and  Bay  counties  * 

no..  .,  to  a,HM     ,.,„,^,  CV  J;;!;','^''^''"--  '-^ver  alon,  the  east  s.Ue  o^  the  State 
"I.   iiH^  iCuilroiKK 

Of  llic   t  '^""  *■'""■■■"'■  VAI,LKV. 

.ho  'orrL;;''4C:,^»',',';^;^'  ;»  "a;.!:    "'"  '."''^  "'O.-o  »„«  b,„  01  ,„,p,  ,„  „,, 

Miiliiv  ,sa\v,«,  Xo.  ,g74 

tarciilar  saws,  No.,   .       


<;aii^  saws,  JSTo.. 

•  iipual  invested 

f'apaeity,  feet 

l-miiber  niaiiiifactured      " 

<>ii  hand  unsold,  Dee.  ai" 

On  dock  sold.  Dee  31      ' " 

''f>f?s  in  boom.  

M(Hi  employed  

I'irkets  cut  

f>ath  cut ..;;;; 

I'.'ith  on  hand,  Doe.ai, .".;; 


41 

1(»0 

(i7 

«4,80f),(HK) 

80"),r)0(),00() 

•'■'74.(;;(2,77i 

100.01 7,(iG.f 

f'2,.'}!)r),20() 

.'{,82-) 

*>'()4,()()() 

8,oi7,;jr)0 


].S7S. 

38 
91 

G7 
«r),033,000 

«4r).(-)0o,oon 

•'>n, 401 .001 

3!Hi,<;(m,r)3o 

2r),r.9r),578 

"l,84r),800 
3,083 
r)7I,]41 
73,20!),2r,5 
11,075,050 


'"'<>  i"  l«^riU(ioo'S',;"'''''  ;" ,"'"  «"^i'"^^v  river  in  1873  was  130(518  550 
-V;  I^ay  and  Midland  eonnu' s'at  I  T^::^!^!'''''  ^'""^'^  ^^  ^--'  ""  S;;^^ 

Il'e  oak  timber  trade  has  -row    to  ''""'""  "^  l'^""!- 

;vas  first  turned  in  this  dire/:;  o  ,!  ('^  n"  "'  -"•■'*'^*  '"'Portanee.  Atte,  tion 
"raneh  of  business),  about  m,^Vk!^  ',:^'ll^!Z  ''''''''''''  C"""  "'onopoli/e  hi" 
out  on  tho  streims  on,v.    •        •  '"^  J^'"    '''••^OOO  enbi..  feet  of  fimi 

.uf«.ims  eniptyina-  into  the  Sa-in'uv       Ti      ,•  ,V        ^ ""''<''•  ^vas  -otten 

n  """"•      ^''^'*"»o"i"^'  year  new  firms 


G 


42 


Statistics  of  Mich kj an. 


coiniiKMitiMl  oppifttloii*,  niul  in  1873  ovnr  3,000,000  <>iililc  fc.t,  w.to  xIiIpimmI  from  t\ui 
Sjij^liiiiw  river.  .Sliu'c  th.-ii  ih<-  >lii|*iii<-iilH  hiivc  iailrn  oO",  owiug  to  u  dppri'HKion 
III  tlK'  iiiiiikcl  itiiil  a  limited  ilimiikiiil.  J,u.Mt  year  tlio  imiiiifft  wiw  dull.  The 
prospcits  tlic  incscnt  wliit.-r  mi'  miult  l)iiKlit<'r,  pritrx  liuvirij?  mlvaiu-cd  Aiily  $100 
por  thonsaml  ciil.lc  loot,  or  from  0;J20  to  »420  iit  giiclH-i-.  llii>  priiuipal  iilarivnt. 
Tho  hulli  of  lilt'  timl)(>r  cut  licre  jfoch  to  (iuclioc,  ami  from  tiami'o  to  Kuropo, 
Toniiwumla,  also,  taliiiig  quito  au  amoum.      It  Is  usoil  principally  for  sliip-huildiiiff! 

The  Htavo  trade  of  the  Valley  UHHumcd  it*;  ^rreiiteMt  Importaiico  in  1873,  wlicii 
nearly  ten  million  i>iece9  Mere  shippe<i.  Sin..-  then,  o\vin)f  to  the  nan  emise« 
atrectinp  the  oal<  trade,  there  han  l)een  a  gradual  faliinj,'  oil". 

The  follo\viii)f  tahle  Hhows  the  prodiietlon  of  the  urtielea  under  this  head  for 
the  yearH  iiuniod: 


Ykari^ 

NUiiiKli'K. 

OukTInilicr.ft. 

StHVl'H. 

Ykarx. 

1873.. 
1874.. 
1875.. 

HIiiiiKli'H. 

OttkTliiil.«r,  It 

MtaTM 

1809.. 
1870.. 
1871.. 
1872.. 

119,843,500 
178,570,(KH) 
187,091,000 
159,001,750 

705,000 
1,105,000 
1,982,0(K) 
2,5(50,000 

3,720,0<K) 
5,()08,0<M) 
3,820,0(K) 
8,033,200 

218.394,550 
.208,489,5(K) 
204,340,725 

3,234,920 
2,839,700 
1,234,000 

9,508.898 
4,<I23,0«{8 
3,113,721 

Log»  Itiifled  Out. 

Tho  following  table  shows  in  feet,  of  board  measure,  the  quantity  of  logs  rafted 
out  of  the  streams  named  during  tlio  last  thice  years: 


1H73. 

1874. 

1878. 

Tittabawassee 

2(50.508.740 
1(M),458.140 
37,137,384 
80,872,(507 
(53.281.230 
33,573,254 
9(5,1 48,(M)0 

343,814,3(55 

48,()(K),2(i8 
2(5.()()0,()()() 
58,087,083 
38,723,088 
22,000.000 
52,0(X),()00 

309,908,517 
5(5,003,470 
41,854,894 
02,128,200 
10,948,(520 
10,0()0,(M)() 
55,000,000 

Cass 

Bad 

Rifle 

Au  Gres 

Kawkawlin 

Au  Sauble 

Total 

080,979,401 

589,225,404 

584,843,701 

AtJi/reijata  of  Shipments. 

The  amount  of  lumber  shipi)ed  from  the  Saginaw  river  during  1875,  as  shown 
by  the  custom  house  records,  was  445,140,595  feet,  and  of  sliingles,  117,832,500. 

THK   snoUK. 

The  principal  lumbering  points  in  this  division  are  Alpena,  Cheboygan.  Au 
Sauble,  and  Tawas.  Twenty-nine  mills  and  flrms  are  reported  as  showing  (he 
following  aggregates: 


^luliiy  saws 15 

<  'ircidar  saws 45 

(iang  saws 25 

Capital  invested 81.070.000 

Cai)acify.  feet 2!M.(i()(l.00O 

Cut  in  1875 ]  !)(),233,(MK) 


On  han<l 48,050.000 

Logs 32,400.000 

Men  employed ]  ,304 

I'iil  li 38.2S().()()() 

Sbi  ngles 50.700.000 

rickets 2,222,000 


The 


LUMI: 


iKR   AND   TlMBEH. 


43 


Of  \!:^z:":''::nJ:,!:t:n::  ;i:,r ■; -"•-  ■ • -  u,.. 


Flint  nrid  Pore  M.minetto  -ailwiiv 
I>etn.ll  u,..J  Hay  city  rnilu-liy 


i;«2,0|.|.212 
")7,:{ri(),(KK» 

a«,n;j«,ooo 


l«4,(Jfi5,000 

•20,587,000 
17.;(()(),000 
4»,760,OCO 


or  1,..,,,  „.„  „r  ,.„™,  »„*„,  u.lLl^'^TLr'.Z'L'']'  "",""'•  »'■"'  "  "" 

K,  "-  ui  noofa,  »  of  poHtH,  and  12  cf  bark. 


Oenosee  county 
TuHcola        "  


it 


Huron 

Hani  lac 

St.  (JJalr 

T.apeor         "        

Detroit 

Onind  Jiapids. 

Manistee 

<Jrand  Haven,  ete' 

Muske^,jn  .  

Menominee 


73,000,000 
12,000,000 
52,000,000 

ti(i,r)0o,ooo 

t;W,2r)0,(X)0 

01,480,250 

37,070,535 

50,821,032 

100,575,855 

00,01 3,(J02 

300,200,000 

117,505,802 


51,000,000 

8,000,000 

14,000,000 

28,"o()b",666 
io,()oo',666 

148,500,000 

^8,]oo,6o6 

10,040,000 


-  tl.e  -::XriSo;;rS^t:^^^^^^^^^^  (-U.nt  adnerm, 

;    "is  probably  as  correct  .n,    rclSo  ^;    I  /  l  "^';?,^'    '"'  ^^""^"'^^'•■^  '^"'""'S  thaf 
Jt   is   compiled  carefully,  l.as    un^lno  ^  "  ^'''  '""'»  "tatemonts  to  be. 

oorrect  and  reliable  exh  bit'"     ""''"»"'"'^  >"..uerons   n.yisions,  and   is   f,Mven   ...s   a 


Knstcni  Mid 
MiiHkcjfoii  . 
WhiK^  Lako 
MiiniHtoo 
l.iiiliiiL' 


U. 


lllllL'Idll.. 
It-    'i    lllll. 


'it-it. '.'.:.'. 


I,l74,r.,54,7H<i 
.'l.'il,10(),(MHI 

](iO,57.5,Hi-),-. 
»<1.<>44,'.'I2 
H0,8(i(),0i)3 


riT  1,000,  (HK) 
•JH,  100,000 

'-•(Mioo.mH) 

14S,.-)0(t,000 
4, 1  l.'i.lNM) 
200,400,000 


(irniKl  I{ii))|i)8 
<iiiiii(l  Haven,  etc 

<;.&»'•  i-«-  K.  u.:; 

'   .  I .  &  I-  SI.  I{.  H. 

I'li'iKiniini'i' 

MisccllimeoiiM. 


Sl,720,000 
!»«,<113,(i«i 

10!»,i!ir>,7SO 
77,5'.>,'),(K)0 

117,,'j0(),000 

aw.ooo.ooo 


1!',000,000 
4."i,  122,000 

101,4S,'i,000 
;«',  I4S,000 
2(!,(H)0,000 

175,000,000 


1,383,870,000 


t«,-  .„;:,  ;;:;;i;:",',.;;L:':i.  ■uir.s.l'S;:,;;:;';:-**-";"?.  ^™'-  ".^^iiii^^r;;;:^. 

»t.,tc  ,l„„„g  „„.  youi-  ]«;,-,  will  ai,pr,.M,i,i,(„  9.10,000.000 


llie  lumber  statistics  of  the   ITn,,,.,.  i.     •       , 

_     '    ""'    I  Pl'ei-  reinnsnla    are    me.-igre. 


M^.foJ'ii^r''*'''^'"'"- 


In  tho  geologi- 


44 


Statistics  of  Michigan. 


cal  report  of  1873  page  GO,  a  list  of  seventeen  saw  mills  is  given,  all  b„t  three 
of  which  were  lu  Marquette  connty.  These  mills  are  reported  to  have  procllcl 
IL;  .  '  T''  !",  ',  *°  "'"  -'""''""*  °^  13,500,000  feet,  besides  shingles,  lath,  and 
8ome  hard  wood  lumber.  As  this  was  mostly  used  for  local  consumption  (.'d 
presumably  the  product  for  subsequent  years),  the  lumber  product  of  t  lat  sect  on 

channel  "      ^"'  ""  "''''"*''  "''''  ''''  ""'^"^  "^^°  "^  ^'•«'»  ^'-innug 

SQUARE   TIMBER  AND  STAVES. 

The  following  schedule  of  the  shipments  of  timber  and  staves  for  the  past  three 

MeHcW^F  !"''f  T^^^*''••  ""■  ^''  ^'^'^^^'  ^°""^^*-^  -'t'^  the  shipping' Jlse  of 
1;  ?;  yi7  *  l^s«e'«tyn,  of  Detroit.  It  is  intended  to  include  he  total  ship- 
men  s  f-om  the  State,  as  nearly  as  can  be  .ascertained,  without  reference  to  he 
localities  from  whence  shipped.     It  should  be  considered  in  connection  with  figures 


SE.VSON  OF  1373. 


I'lXP  A"^'.*^  ^'"'^.  ^1"^'''^  '^'I'te  o.ak  timber. 
l,^uu  ,M.  Quebec  pipe  staves... 


3,400  white  oak  AVest  India  staves 

300,000  cubic  feet  square  rock  elm 

800,000  cubic  feet  square  white  pine  timber 


Destination. 


Quebec . 


Price. 


Value  of  total  shipments  to  Quebec. 


^?M'n^^  *^"^'.*=  ^*^^^  ^*1"''^'"G  ^^'''ite  o.ak  timber  . 
o  ii^^Vr^".^'"^  ^^^^  squa/e  white  pine  timber 
8,500  M.  American  pipe,  hhd.  and  barrel  staves' 


Total  value  at  place  of  shipment 
SEASON  OF  mt. 


^43^^  ?^^^\^  ^'^^^  ■^'^1"'""«  ^^''ite  oak  timber 
1,100  M.  Quebec  pipe  staves 

o^  *r-  "^^'I'te  o;ik  West  India  staves 

.150,000  cubic  feet  rock  elm  timber 

700,000  cubic  feet  square  white  pino  timber""" 


Tonawaiula. 

u 

Buffalo 


25 

150  00 

45  00 

15 

15 


25 

121^ 


Value. 


$550,000  00 

180,000  00 

153,000  00 

45,000  00 

120,000  00 


80  00 


Quebec . 


Value  of  totiil  shipments  to  Quebec. 


onn'^^  *^"P.""  ^''"*^  '"I"'"'''  ^^'"t"  <?-ik  timber.. 
^  -,:n  ?r™."^"  ^^^'^  sfliiare  wliite  pine  timber 
0,oOO  M.American  pipe,  hhd.  and  barrel  stavos 


Total  value  at  place  of  shipment. 
SE.VSOX  OF  1S7,). 


1  000.000  cubic  feet  square  wJiite  oak  timber 
8(H)  M.  Quebi'c  ])ipe  staves 

COO  M.  white  oak  AVost  India  s'tiwes  " 

1,000,000  cubic  feet  square  white  i)inc 


Tonawanda. 
Buffalo 


Quebec . 


25 

$140  00 

40  00 

15 

15 


5  00 


§1,048,000  OO 

150,000  00 

00,000  00 

700,000  00 

f2,048,000  00 


§000.000  00 

154,000  00 

32,()00  00 

52,500  00. 

105,000  00 


$943,500  00 

125.000  00 
DO.OOO  00 
487,500  00 


Valiie  of  total  shipments  to  Quebec 


4UU,(HH)  cubic  (('<•!  s(|uare  wiiitc  pine 

3,500  American  iiipc.  Idul.  and   barrel  stiives;.'.  Buffalo, 


Total  value  at  place  of  .slii 


pnient 


20 

$140  (){) 

35  00 

20 


20 
121. 
00  00  " 


$l,(i56,000  OO 


S320.000  00 

112,000  00 

21.500  (M) 

200,000  00 


$053,.500  00 

30,000  00 

50,(t()0  00 

210.000  00 


$043,500  00 


Lumber  and  Timber. 


45 


COMPARATIVE   TIMBER   AREAS. 

leadin-  timber  Stato.    <rWo\l  f ,  n  "^         ^•^'*  '''^t-'n-^tcs,  confined  to  the 

acre.s    A%MV   llan      "iVf  t^  'T""''"    ^'•'>'"^"  ^en  and  one-half  million 

CEXSUS  UETURKS  OF  THE  LUMBER  PRODUCT. 

».  i>'ri::r:!s„;.r:?:^r:-  *°"- '"» "«""« »"-^"'".  ■->.,.,..  ,„  ,s.a, 

SAW  MILLS. 


STATE 

AND 

COUNTIKS. 


Staie 


Alcona  . 

Allegan 

Alpena 

Antrim  .  .  . 
IJarrv  . . 

ii-iy\ ..:: 

IJenzie 

J>eri'i(Mi 

Jiranch 

('■illionn 

C  'ass _ . 

<^'liarli'voix . 

('hel)()y,2;an  . 

Chippewa    . 

Clare 

Clinton 

Dvlta 

I'laton 

(tenes(>e 
(iM  Traverse 
'.'ratiot 
Hillsdale  ..  ^ 
ll<>n;.?liton  . 

llnron  

ln<jhain 

Ionia 


Whole 

Nl'MIIEll. 


I'owKR  Used. 


1,000 

.5 
00 
11 

4 

4n 
10 

r.-, 

21 

3;{ 

2 
7 
2 
2 

21 
4 

42 

'.iA 

15 

17 

41 

n 

21 

:t() 

27 


Oiieniipil 
liy  Steam. 


No. 


1,150 

3 

30 

10 

1 

12 

4-) 

(i 

3S 

35 

(i 

1!) 

2 

7 

2 

2 

17 

3 

27 

25 

.s 
15 

3:{ 

3 
21 
2(1 
17 


Opprntpcl 
liy  Water. 


No. 


419 


Not 
Bt'iKjrtod. 


No. 


25 


No. 


Cnpital  In- 
vcHted. 


DoH»- 


21 
1 
3 

21 


4 
10 
15 
15 
14 


23,532  28,448,014 


3 

1 

15 

n 

7 


1.3 
080 
405 
84 
04 
2,340 
74 
321 
197 
42 
00 
40 
271 
SO 
17 
80 
133 
173 
5(i2 
172 
170 
123 
00 
478 
120 
330 


82,000 
408.300 
470,000 
87,000 
108,150 
3,500,000 
128,700 
301,000 
193.'?.10 
i)3,70v) 
M,500 
35,000 
215.000 
20,000 
15,000 
(!2,400 
115,000 
145,500 
711,400 
110,(H)0 
li:i),304 
88.100 
00,000 
258,000 
100,800 
375,300 


LunibcrSuwod. 


Feet 


3,231,470,804 

13,100,000 
04,800,891 
78,500,000 
11,112.000 
13.,300,000 
408,081,700 
10.315,000 
28,50.3,803 
14.184,225 
3,071.300 
0,007.000 
3,500,000 
41.400,000 
300,000 
3.800,000 
8,910.000 
15.000,000 
15,087,000 
90.805,000 
24,000,000 
25,250,000 
7,409,520 
0,584,404 
45,(!05,()r  ( 
13,207.000 
30,125,000 


Value  of 
I'roducta. 


Dollars, 


39,850,156 

153,600 
971,300 
1,157.000 
145,896 
170,770 
5,003,242 
113,500 
417,480 
250,110 
00.580 
110,860 
38,000 
432,000 
1,800 
57,000 
114,300 
121.000 
170,800 
1,024,700 
192,228 
235,250 
102,633 
113,000 
647,550 
105,205 
4;J8,00O 


Ij 


46 


Statistics  of  Michigan. 


COlNTIKb. 


Iosco  .  . . 
Isiibolla... 
tFacksoii  , 
K:il:uii:u(>o 
Kulkassk,"  . 

Kent .    

Keweenaw. 

Lake 

Lapeer  

lA'chiiiaw  .  . 
Lenawi'e  . , 
Liviiiifsloii 
iMaekiiiao  .. . 
^Maconil)  . . . . 

3Iaiii.«t(M:' .  _ 

Maniuette  . . 

Mason 

3Ieeostiv .  . . . 

Menominee 

Midland     ... 

Missaukee  . . 

Monroe 

Montcalm  .  . 

]^fnske<i'on  . . 

Newavji'it 

Oaklaiid  .... 

Oceana  

Ontonagon  . 

Osceola . . 

Ottawa     . 

Presqne  Isle 

Sai;inaw  .  .  .  . 

Sanilac 

Schoolcraft . 

hhiawi.ssee 
St.  <'lair... 
St.  Joseph  . 

Tnscola 

Van  Hiiren... 
Washtenaw.. 

Wayne 

Wexford 


SAW    MILLS.— CONTINUKl). 


WlllPI.K 
NlMllKIl, 


14 
II 

14 

]!) 

2 

r.4 

4 

!) 
48 

(i 
()7 
Id 

2 

2(1 
!>."• 
17 

S 

K) 

(> 

i:! 
I 

4-» 

<;.") 

(IS 
•2(! 
2(i 
•28 

1 
.1!) 
42 

•) 

72 
I!) 
.'{ 
K) 
2(! 
K) 
2(1 
•)(; 
23 

10 


I'dWKll    CsKI). 


0|M'mt('(l 
!>}•  Sfcaiii. 


No. 


l.'l 
(i 
1 

10 
1 

;{*■) 
;{ 

7 

:i 

4!) 

s 
1 

10 

2:< 

7 
8 

n 

(i 
11 

1 
:t:{ 

5(1 
58 
14 
10 
15 

1 
1(1 
40 

2 

71^ 
1 


I 
21 

4 
15 
41 
12 
45 

7 


Olicrjili'd         Not 
liy  Wilier.   l{ri«)rtc<l, 


No. 


i) 

1.'} 

!) 

1 

19 


2 

i;{ 

•A 
18 

8 

1 
10 


8 
!l 
10 
10 
15 
13 


No. 


3 

2 

i 

2 

!) 

5 

12 

5 

15 

11 

n 

1 

' 

1 

H 

ft. 


('a|i|lal  In. 
vcslnl.  I'"iiil"'r.Sa«..(l. 


No. 


572 
i»l 
21 
4(i 
11 
1,()(!5 
18 
7!t 
(!!)4 
3!) 
205 
42 
45 
121 
1.1 5(i 
208 
5!I3 
237 
5(i5 
200 
5 
20(! 
042 
2.2!I2 
43." 
40 
338 


■20'.) 
1.000 

47 

2.223 

214 

8,3 

73 
475 

41 
]5(; 
423 

58 
73(i 
1871 


Ddlluiii. 


(iOO.OOO 
(12,700 
17.8.50 
55.700 
ii,(!0O 
ilO.i.SOO 
5.200 
(!7.800 
470.5001 
33.500 
158.750 1 
45.3001 
117,0(K» 
11(;.400 
2.730.000 
180.500 
434.000 
254,000 

:{(;o.ooo 

1!»7.(!00 
2.500 
1(i7,700i 
(!( 18.300  i 
4.742.200  i 
27(>.200 
54,000 
1!;5,400 
•>00 

ii!  .3oo; 

2.342.5001 

2(!.00()| 

2.54!),(l()0' 

10(l,!IOOi 

52,000; 

71,(iOO| 
3(15.4(10 

40,300! 
102,(i()0! 
2(14.8(10  i 

57. 1 00 1 
.11 4.300 1 

!IO.!)OOi 


Foci. 


05.475.000 
7.7.38.000 
1.345,0(10 
5.838,()()() 
1,020,0001 
11!),i")28,0(IO 
(!5;i,000 
3,400,:iOO 
!l4,07(),()(l(i 
3,0,".0,()0() 
18,8(;4,()(I0 
4,000,(100 
3,000,000 
12,811.000 
24(i,(!50,000 
14.575,000 
78.704.000 
34.055.000 
7(i.000.000 
23.575.000 
1.50.000 
20.887.200 
118,00(1.24(1 
438.448.111 
30,(!0,s.000 
4,(i55,00(l 
31.151,500 
10,000 
12,(140.000 
153,215,000 
4..")00,0(I0 
332.(!:>  1.807 
1  1.25(MIO(t 
(i.t  14,724 
ll.55il.OOO' 
50.5(10.(100 
3.10l.(i(;2 
18.745.000 
43.(88. 1  IS 
4.2!)3,00() 
74.028,834  ■  1 
10,0(iO,()00 


\alui'  of 
I'lciUucts. 


Dollarn. 


i.oo(i,no() 

120,174 
15,075 
70,4(iO 
1 2,200 
l,4(i(i,5(10 
0,130 
31,000 
8(!8,3(1() 
53.5  •> 
221,5(i;> 
42,700 
40.000 
2I4.5!)0 
2,510.000 
128,(!()0 
780.4 1(! 
445,5(10 
(125,(100 
2S4,(1.')0 
1 .350 
438,0()0 
1,431,100 
5,540,07(i 
400,050 
50,400 
523,(175 
200 
105,000 
2,004,500 
57.000 
1.102.050 
143.80(1 
07.000 
120.500 
727.850 
.37.04!) 
212.200 
405,7(;8 
77,7(15 
,4l3.(i50 
187,740 


l/isC: . 


Lumber  and   Timbkr. 


Allc'tjaii 

Alpena ... 

Bay ;;:;: 

Konzic 

Chohoyiran.. 

<;iiu-o ::: 

Eaton 

Houghton 

Huron ' 

Ionia  

Iosco  

Isabellii    . 

Kent 

Liipoer _ . 


c 
(i 
1 
1 

2 
2 

1 
7 

:i 

8 
4 

21 

](i 


$!),oon 
4(),()()() 
r),s,()()() 
]0.(X»() 

lo.ono 

(1.000 

lo.noo 
;m.ooo 

10.700 
22.000 
17.000j 
Ki.OOO] 

-in.ooo 

75,700 


«i;{  7,000 

KiO.OOO 

102,000 

8.000 

5,000 

11,500 

.'{.100 

(iO.OOO 

80.;t(M) 

:{2,N0() 

120,000 

;i;j,;t!)8 
128,;{()() 

;}41,40() 


Mecosta 
Midland  ....V 
MonU'alni  ..  . . 

Muskegon 

Newaygo  

Oceana _ , 

Osceola 

Ottawa 

l'rcs(|ne  Isle 

Haginaw  

Sanilac 

Tuscola .'"" 

Other  counties 


Total  for  State 


14 
1« 
40 
11 

I 

0 

4 

I 

1 
15 

2 
II 
14 


aC4,500 
5:J,5(M) 

110,170 

11(5,800 

a2,500 

32,000 

28,000 

5,000 

7,000 

185.100 
25,000 

:n ,!)()() 

22,850 


$288,400 

207.7(iO 

457.(iOO 

1()0.700 

i»n.OO() 

Ol.OdO 

51.000 

;!.ooo 

12,000 
274,587 
75.000 
(il,!)50 
:{7,250 


223  $1,087,220  #2.950,585 


SI'AVK,  HEAUINCJ,   AND  IK),),.   KACTOItlKS.* 


I! 


COUNTIKS. 


Berrien  ... 

Branch  

Clinlon 
Eaton 
(Jenesee  . . . 
Gratiot 
Hillsdale    . 
Iti/^hain  . . . 
Ionia       . 
Kent 

Lajx'er 

licnawee  .. 
Jiivingston 


Total,  State 


4 
] 
2 
2 

(i 
1 
1 

loj 

3 
2 

3 
5 
.) 


I'liliital 
Jlivcatisl. 


$34,000 
8,000 
25,000 
20,000 
40,0(M) 
5,000 
5,00o' 
1(!1.500! 
32,000 
13,000 
12,0(M» 
57,800 
31,000 


Villiin  of 
I'rodiiit:*, 


COUNTIKS. 


«5!),000'  Maconil) 
2(»,500    Monroe 

110,0(K)|  Montcalm 
13,800'  Ottawa 
72,400  i  Saginaw 
80.000    Shiawassee" 
«.<»'»0    St.  Clair  " 

102,(K)8     SI.  Joseph" 
'i3,0()0;  Tuscola 
'10,000    Van  Buren" 
44,1251  Wavue 

153,500,    Otii'er  counlic. 
70.0(K) 


lllVl'St('{|. 


$128,84!t 
88.0(M) 
]0.0(M) 
47,000 
21 .000 
12,800 
(17.500 
13.000 

8.000: 
40.500] 

7.000  j 
1 4.800  j 


Vulm-  of 
I'lodiictH. 


S225.084 
174,000 
2(1,500 
(52,((00 
11,500 
12,5(!0 

115,()(M) 
45,(MM) 
!)7,50() 
83.4(M) 
5,800 
15,020 


*  Other  liimbei-iii 
liHhmeiits. 


.Xiinl  miruiractiiritif,'  industries  a 


re   <H)ml)iiu'(l 


--|     01     9003,740  «1 ,710,037 
« itit  a  luiiiihci-  (if  tliese  ostab. 


48 


Statistics  of  Michigan. 


IX.    MINERAL    liESOURCES. 

While   many  kinds  of  mineral   deposit-coal,  irvpsinn    «alt    etc     l,nv„  h«n.     v 


HI 


MIXEIJAL   DEPOSITS  IX  TJIE   UPPER  PENIXSULA. 

Under  this  general  head  it  is  proper  to  state  that  the  facts  in  re-ard  to  the 

discovery  of  the  mineral  deposits,  the  -eolocrv  of  the  Unnn,    t>        ''^f'^'''/°  ^^e 

..-aplUcal  distribution  of  ud  ro^^  syst^l^^i  i:!..^^^^^;^^^^'^ 

he  stan.p  nnlls    are   en.bodied   in   papers  furnished   bv  Mr.  TSIjo  '  fo     .i; 2 

ears  fanuhar  with  Upper  Peninsula  interests,  and  at 'present  s.u"-intemle"tff 

S^srrSlSl^r"'  ^""  ''''''-  '-  '''  ''^^'   C^-nnial   iar.rr  mL^ 

DISCOVKHY  OF   COl'l'KK. 

The  first  account  of  the  occurrence  of  native  copper  on  lake  Superior  is  in  the 
work  ot  "Lagarde,-'  published  in  Paris,  iu  16.30,  in  Vhich  we  fin.  som  „  r  t  n " 
accounts  concernin-y  the  richness  of  the  country.  He  s.avs:  "  Tlie^ are  mh.es  of 
copper  w  uch  might  he  made  profitable,  if  th^re  were  inhabit  u^a.^  woZen 
^ho  vould  labor  faithfully.  That  would  be  done  if  colonies  were  eV  b  i  hed 
About  e.ghty  or  one  luunlred  leagues  fron.  the  Ilurons  there  is  a  mil  o, tor' 
from  w h...  .  '  Truchement  Brusl6'  showed  me  an  Ingot  on  his  return  on,  a  vXe 
he  made  to  the  neighboring  nation."  fi^oj.nge 

,J"''Z  f'""^"  ^V'"'"''  '  •''"""   ■"'•^«>«"''^'y'  ^M'o   visited   the   region   in  IGGG 

S.IJ.:       It  happens  frequently  that  pieces  of  copper  are  found  wei-rhh...  f,om  ten 

o  twenty  pounds.      I  have  seen  several  such  pieces  in  the  hands  o      t    a^^es 

and  s.nce  they  are  very  superstitious,  they  esteem  them  as  divinities   or  as  tes^ 

w Ui.    1  r  ''""   ""■'^'   l^-'^^^'^'-ve    these  pieces  of  copper,  wrapped  nn 

S^l  as  d^me^  ie  '  '  7  '"'''  ''"':'''''''  ^•"'"  ^'""'  """-norial-being  cher- 
nr'  f  ^'"'""*'t"^.  f  •''•  I'O'-  ^owo  time  there  was  seen  near  the  shore  a  hu-o 
ock  of  copper  w.th  its  top  rising  above  the  water,  which  -ave  an  onno  t  n  Uv 

to  those  passing  by  to  cut  pieces  fron.  it.      «ut  when  I  passc^cl  t.  t  v  d  .i  ^i^ 

thorn"!"'  ^',"''"''  ^^""~'^-  '"''■'=    '■  •^'"^"-  "^^'"S  '••^'"•'"^'l  the  exti-emitv  of  the  lake 

S  H':Hr"? " 'r  r  -^°~  -  -  =  ■^-' 

n.tj    i-e  lut  like  lead.        On  one  of  the  islands  near  ('l.agneine.rou  b-iv    he  roUto^ 
tha    copper  roc^^  and   plates  a.-e  tmn.d,  and  that  he   bought  o^ the  stai^^r^H^ 

snpposes  that  thj^   have  been  denved  from  Meno..g  (Isle  lloyale).      He   ,ne..tioiis 


MlNEHAL    KeSOUHCES. 


49 


fonneil  in  En^laml  i„  ]77]    wliidi  .i.-h,  .lu.  ,     ''"''J'*^  ' /''=^*^  ■'^  '-'oPPer  -company  was 

nagon  Hvo,  ,:;.,e..  t..e  .nl^;:ofT  ^SlVnr^  ^f""^'"'^  ""  "^^  ^^"^«- 
a  better  liistoriau  tin.,  ,ninP.--  fn..  .f"' ^^'^^•"" '<^  Henry,  who  seems  to  have  been 

Of  hi«  operatio;"  InZuZa    Z^^Z  ',^':;:il  ^T  ""'  '''  ^^"''''""  "»^ 
ment  iu  uwni„.r   -that   tlie  .'o,        ,        \    ,  "'  '"'  ""S"^'<-'es^fMl  experi- 

ooppor  can  be  A:ofitably  .I'necT'      '   '""■^'   ""'   ""^'"'^''''  ''»^'  ^^^'^J^'-'  ^-^«-  t'- 
tl^olo^S  ^^72^'!:::^^::^   """^7"'"""  ^^  ^^".'-   r-n,,  passes  along 

mscovKKv  OF  inoN  okk. 

tJ"b^r:;^.^er"vr^;irg^o;:gS^  %-t  -r  --' 

'•Although  hen.atlte  ore  Is  abuna^v„tly^ll.  e  .Sod     h  oul'l.         t      '"   '"'  Z"';'^ 
mctaniorphio  group,   it  does  not  appear  in  -ie  t      Zf     "    /    '  '"'"'  "'  ?' 

that  has  been  examined    to  be  of  nr  >,.n...,i  •  l"'»'>t'l>   ut   any   one   point 

ton  ha,l  traversed   the  i,  th  ^l.ol     ?  t  •'"Portance."    At  this  date  Dr.  Hough- 

canoe,  on  Jo^:;LV".:!:'!:!.!I'"*'  ^^  l'^^:'  ^^l'--^'-  ^vc  ti„,es,  in  a  sn.all   boater 


It  is,  tlierefore,  probable  that  up  to  1841  no 


canoe,  on  geological  investigations 

Indian  traditions  worthy  of  credence  '{nZZ^^Zu'^'^'T'"  ■'''"'  "^  '" 
come  to  his  knowledge.      As  th    ^al-e  U  K     '     u  ^   ^''  '''^'°'''''  «'  "•""  «'-^'  ^ad 
of  iron   ore   which   come    ne.r       t.,n  "  "'"'  ""  ^'""^i'lerablo  outcrops 

plain  that  in ve  U  a^  '  ba"  o  o  .  '!•  '"'","'  ""  ^"""  «^  ^''^  l''-^^'  '*  ^^ 
have  detern.ined  no  n  r;  ;  it  mZn  "  ?'""  ^""'"  '"'^  ^'"'•'^  «'"-^''  ^^''^'l 
in  the  extracts  given  Dr  I  onlo  ?  T'  ""''  '""'''  '^  l""^'"'^'  "'^"^'^ted 
i"  'ina.itity.  untU  the  re  urn  17a       n     ,     "      '''"'"''  "'  *'"'  ^-^'•^'*^"^'''  "^  ''•«»  «•'« 

his  exanunation  in  he  V^o  'f  t,  :''  /'"'?'  "'  ""■"'^'•"■^  ^<^  ^^^^^'^  -^  ^^H 
region.      *      *      *      t     A    '      '  "^  the  country  having  been  contined  to  the  copped 

existed  in  the  Upper  I'ea.lL,  a  o '  i^  t  uT  ll^^'Tl'T'u  '^"^""^^'^^ 
Indians  had  previously  observed  the  ore     nT    we..     .  undoubtedly  true  that 

-ithout,  however,  bei^.g  able  to  U]enti?,M;:  """'''  "'"'  '""^^'""'^  "^  ^^' 

OKOUXJICAI,   StavKV 


;:M^ 


^Ji^iS 


50 


Statistics  op  Michigan. 


In  1840,  Dr.  Hon-htou  wroto  to  tho  Hon.  A.  S.  Tortor,  under  tliUo  December 
2G,  rej^ar.lmjr  the  mineral  Avealtli  of  tlie  south  shore  of  hike  Superior-  "Ores  of 
zinc,  iron,  and  munjranese  occur  in  the  viciuity  of  the  shore,  l.ut  I  .louht  wlictlier 
eitlierof  tiicso,  unless  it  be  zine  and  iron,  is  iu  suHicient  abundance  to  prove  of 
niudi  importance.  On-s  of  coppe.-  are  much  more  abundant  than  eitlier  of  tliose 
before  mentioned,  and  a  snflicient  examination  of  them  lias  been  made  to  satisfy 
me  that  they  may  be  made  to  yield  an  abundant  sn|>p]y  of  the  metal" 

In  the  spring  of  ]84;,  pursuant  to  an  act  of  ( 'on^rress,  entitled  '•  \n  act  to 
establish  a  lunv  land  district,  and  to  provide  for  the  sale  of  mineral  lands  in  the 
State  ot  Michigan,"  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  api.ointcd  Dr.  ('has  J  .Jackson 
to  execute  a  geological  snrvoy.  After  having  spent  two  seasons  in  the' j.rosecu- 
tion  ol  this  work,  he  resigned. 

After  the  resignation  of  Dr.  Jackson,  Messrs.  J.  W.  Yosu-v  and  J.  D   AVhitnev 
wl-o  had   been   assistants   to  Dr.  .Jackson,  were   appoint,..!,  and   the  com,,letiou  of 
the    survey    was    contlded    to    them.      They    made    twu    reports  -  ISr.O-al        These 
reports  contain  a  vast   fund  of  valuable   information,  and   to-day.   2(i   years   after- 
wards, we  find  that  very  few  facts  have  escaped  their  notice 

_  The  i.henomenon  of  drift  and  alluvial  deposits  of  this  region  hav,.  been  ably 
.nvx.stigated  by  Mr.  Desor,  and  the  resnlts  of  his  observations  will  be  fo.uul 
embo.he.l  by  hini  in  that  portion  of  the  reports  which  relates  to  t!ie  superHcial 
and  transported  materials.  "PLinuai 

A  report  of  much  value,  made  by  the  joint  connnittee  of  the  two  houses  of  the 
Legislature,  in  ISd!),  on  the  subject  of  a , geological  survey  of  the  State,  o-ives  a 
connected  resume  of  the  history  of  mineral  exploration  and  discovery  in  the  lake 
Superior  region,  and  in  urging  the  necessity  of  a  ge.dogical  survey  of  the  r,,,,,.,- 
reninsula  by  the  State,  s. -s:  ^,..  the  meanwhile,  those  hardy  pioneers  hive 
hibored  and  waited,  until  now.  with  a  population  of  near  :ir,,000,  a  capital  invented 
in  11-.  compa.ue,.  for  developing  coi.per.  of  $l(i.-i5().50().  upon  which  has  been  paid 
d.vi.lends  ot  $5,880,000.  and  an  iron  interest  which,  in  the  twelfth  year  of  its  ,oin 
mercial  life,  produced  over  one-tiftb  of  all  the  iron  mined  in  the' United  States- 
they  have  rights,  and  the  State  has  duties-long  negl.vte.l  dnties-towar.l  them' 
winch  it  were  wise  to  no  longer  neglect." 

Animated  by  the  sentim.M.ts  expressed  iu  this  rej.ort,  the  Legislature  to  which 
It  was  made  passed  an  act  appropriating  .$8,000  per  year  for  four  v.Mrs  for  the 
purpose  of  a  geological  survey,  one-half  of  which  was  to  be  applied  "in  the  l„„er 
Peninsula.  As  a  resnlt  of  this  action  (iu  part  only,  for  private  enterprise  w 
called  upon  to  anl).  the  report  of  the  geological  suvvey  of  the  Ipper  Peninsula 
embracing  the  period  18(i!)  to  1873,  was  publishe.l  dnring  the  last  named  year" 
I  he  iron  district  was  in  charge  of  Major  T.  J?.  Hmnks,  and  tl...  copp.-r  district  in" 
charge  of  Prof.  K.  Pumpelly,  while  sonu.  progress  was  u.ade  by  Dr!  « '.  Hon 'in-.;" 
in  an  examination  of  the  Pahcozoic  rocks.  This  work  is  n.fcrre;i  to  hen-  as  intTo- 
diiciiig  Its  reference    in  other  places. 


GEOLOGY  OF   THE   UPPER  PEMNSll.A. 


saecharoi 

eonglouK 

have  bee 

morphi(' 

granites, 

contorted 

ore:    Oli. 

altered  si 

The  ei 

lime,  mic 

copper  or 

lluroni 

easiern  ci 

Htratiticat 

This  if 

the  fissure 

rior   overl 

dykes  and 

The  ro( 

alluvial    di 

stones;  th( 

separate    1 

extends  fr( 

second  lies 

third  is  ov 

'•'uige.       E 

rather  snia 

white,  gre\ 

drab  color. 

The  first 

That   porti 

is   W(dl    kn( 

yertical  roc 

forms.      Th 

From  the  t 

of  200  feet, 

drifts  rumii 

however,   <li 

formations. 

The    seco 

the  shore  of 

The   layers  < 

The  disk) 

f^eein  to  be  ii 

itself  upon 

that  the  gra 

fracture  bein 

Toward  tl 

diflerent   dis] 

level  with    L 

is  on  high  p 


Mineral  Resources. 


51 

have  been   pro.l.u.ul  by  tbo   nM^'mZ  il  of  ''.""-ff""^''-  '"'"  which  soe.n  to 

.n-anit,.s,  .yenito..,  and  „iont  "  i  ^e     n  ^s "";  ^1       "  """'"'"^   """'^  "■""' 

c-ontort.-..  the  ,  receding  rocks.     Tl.ls  fonn  f    ,.  •      '■'""    '*"  ^''''"^  "■•'^^«'^''  «»'» 

ore:    01i..i.s,h,  iron  ore  (spec  .laiO-uul  ,r, em  !'•''!  '"""^"^^  "••P"'<«t.s  of  iron 

altera  sbis.    ana  in  t.i  licinU^  ^'^.rS^  ::,:^  ^  ^^  ^f  ^  ">-y^  i"  tbo 

Ihe  orystiiUuie  limestones  contain  a  .rro-.t  v...  p  S'-nuto. 

lime,  mica,  titanic  iron,  ^M.ipbite    ,'  ,      ,.^  'n,.V         ''.f  "•"""••'^^^•-    i'J'ospbate  of 
™pper  ores,  nickel,  an.i  ^.^J^;;'/' '  ^•"'-''•••^'- ^'"Plmte  of  baryta,  galena,  hornblende, 

Iluronitin  Siistpm. — Next  cnmoa  tho   tt.. 
oas.orn  coas,   of  lakeVruo^rS,^„KT;"e"V '"'•''■'"'  ^^^^"■"-  '^'•'"'"^  »- 
«tratincatlon,s  the  shists  of  the  Lu,l;"n;iars;^tom     '''■'"'''  ""''^^"^  ''"  """"^'^'^^ 

This  IS   composed  of  bluish  shists    with  'bivo.«  «<•  i. 
the  tissures  ..f  which  are  tilled  with     n  hcitr     T.,!  ;',"'"'  '''™'T"-^   ^""'^''' 

:^::;:t:,,:ner-  ^'—  -••  ^^^^^:^::z  ':;:rtdS 
aii^^'iT^;::  the^'s;ow;;;::^'^;r;iS- r'"    ^^*^-  "'-•■--  --  -« 

stones;  the  conolon.erates-    the    tr,  ,      f  ^ "   vanegated,   and    red   sand- 

AV,„......._T,„   ,J^^,^     ^,  ;    ;     ^;;;:^;;-7''';--'<«; -Hi  the  granite. 

separate    belts      .  „„i„.  f,,,,,,  oast  to    ,'-     -  '"         ""   ^■'"''   '"   ^"'"'''^ 

^'Xten.ls  fro,n  the  Suult  de  S  M.  rieul  t  "  ,  '•"':"''"''  '°  """"west.  The  first 
.econd.  lies  between  the  ^^  '  '  c'  ^.^^  '?  JT'  ^'"'  TT  ''  '^'^^""^'"-  '''^- 
third  is  overlving  the  conrnonu  •  ,t         „'     J  ;"'"  "*   '^'^^^'^^''"■iw   I"^i"t.      The 

-"ge.  Every..;:...  the  "s  Z  o  "  ;  /nr/'"  V  ""'•^"  "^  "^  ^-PI'-". 
-.l.er  snndl  strata  or  beds:  at  the  np p  "  ,  :;"!:  '  l'"-^"'^--^'-'  "»'•  --  in 
while,  grev  and    variegated    in     In  .         f'e  forn.ation    they  arc  nearly 

'Inib  <.olor:  at  the  lou,;  pa,,  '""''■  "'"'  ''""'  ''''''  """-  "••  J<^-  of  a 

T.Jt;::i.rt:i;:S!rd;srt:.r:;;;;%r^  """;■" ""  '"'^-  ^"•'"•^'-'  vah.e. 

i^  w.ll    known.      At  (Jra.u    1  Pm  l'  .nw       i  ^\I='71'"^tte  rnnning  along  the  Voast 

-.■'leal  r..ck  walls,w,d;:t  m     ;      t    ^  :;  ,/:^fl.;'"'  -:"f«-   ''PP-.S  in 

;^=-t.Ji:p:r!;;i,:;. ^rr;::,:::-  r-''---  -  to  ^i^t^rt' i;:-; -x 
- -.  .teet^_  bnt  not  .1  ^.^^tti^.:;:!;-^  sr^i^^.:;^':.:!!;:.:  ^S 


•Irifts  rum.ing  westward,  wliere  they  lean  or 


however,   dip    southward    and    <IU  n,  ""■"'"'  ""'  f?>-''"'t<'s;   the  strata, 

^,^__^^^^^.^^^_^    1      cutmNaul    and    disappear.   .,r    b„ry    themselves    nnder    more    recent 

'I'iie   second   belt  of  sandstone   extends  i„  .,    li      <• 
the  shore  of  Keweenaw  point         ,  h  J    ■    '     "  '"'*"'  '""  '""■'"  *"  ^onthwest  from 

^.•o::;v;:f:i;;- ;;::::;;;.r;r  tii^tr^"'^  f  t,f  ,be  ;tr;s  1..  t,.  s^re 
'•-...re  .:-in:  tv  o.:;:;:;,:^:/;^;:::;,:;:.;'"''"'^''"-  '"^  ^^"^'-^^  •"'•-•^'-  «^  ''- 
-H  with  lie  la  Rene,  w c ! !  ^u  1^ P^i!;:":.'? :"•'  ^^^-^^'^^  «-^'  ^^ «» '^ 

's  <.n  high  plateaus.  '        ^  °'*'^J^'''    '=''^0   "»d  Cntunagon,  this  line 


■li 


!' 


iiM'l 


,-uUti 


52 


Statistics  of  MrciiraAN. 


Noar  I-a.  hi  I  oil,.  h.wI  cUhm-  phioos  whom  t!,o  HruulstoMOH  appoar  a  llttlo  above 

on    tin    traps,  h„,,  sI.ow.mj,  strong  ,lislooatlo„s,  wlH..h   ln,ii..„t..s  that  th.  a  "i    , 

U.1     .,.  .....  trappoan  .nass   ,hn.n,.h  ,h..  sa„.lst< s  ,nnst    hav.    h.-c...  vo  y  v     1 . 

Om  Ih,    .ontrary,  wh,.n.  tl...  san.lst„n,.s  appoar  on  .ho  top  ,.f  tho  phUoans      u   ,  i.' 

nir:.^;!; ;;;:  ;^:::""^  "^  '"•■  ^"""^'"'-  '^  -  ""• "-^  "•■  '"•'  — o;p;  .•: 

'''""'";>•«'  I";!',  of  san.lstoMo  oxton.ls  fVon,  tho  lako  shoro ar  Ka;vi„  ,ivor  to  fho 

-H'   <;i   <lu;    luko    noar   Kon.l    .in    Lac-   (.n.tlot   of  tho   Mo„,roal  rhvr       •     '  , 
lo.nto  .       Tins    holt    is    „„.s,Iy  o..voro,l  with   .Irift,  an.l    tho   stratilloal    1    L    tioi 
can  only  bo  ohsorvo.l  at,  a  low  plaoos.      Tho  san,ist<.n,.s  aro  .lark   r.-l  .1  VTllr 
noar  t  u-  ....n,i.,n.,.rat..s.  with  whi..,.  thoy  prosont  son...  altor     Uo  i  '         ^ 

n-o.n    tho   ..on.loMu.ratos    thoy  aro    vari..,.ato.l,  .1...    san.o    as   at    <iran,     I  1  , 

Sr  t  • ""  ?  '"r  "'•'''"■ '"'" "'■^""  ''"•'"""-'" "- -"is.onos  a  :. 

la.  h.     s.nth       it  IS  vory  important  that  this  s„,,poso,l  i.iontitv  shoni.i  bo  noto, 
and  Montitioally  ostablishe.l  if  it  bo  a  faot  ' 

7V,„.    „;.,/   ('„„„,„„,.,,„,,._ Tho    tra,,s    'an.l  .■onj,lon„.ratos    form    a    oontlnnons 
bolt  varying,  u,  w.lth,  an.l  oxton.lins:,  withont    intorrnption,  Tom  tho  o X       "" 
ot  Kowo..naw  p.,.nt  ^vostwar.l  into  tho  Htato  of  Wi.soonsin.      Thoy  aro  to  nul  r A   . 
havn.K    the  .an.e  .-haraotoristies,  if  not  i.lonti.-al.  on    Islo  Uoyal.'      n  wi^lo    ' 

coast  o     (^ma.la    an.l   as   ,ar  as  (Jrooniau.l.      On  K..wo..naw    ,h      t       ,^   ul 
.tr.>n,.   bo.ls    with  a  woll    .lotino.l   stratitloati..n,  an.l    rnnnin,.    in  a  .li  .'otio     ni    r  v 
parallol    w.th    tho   shoro,  ,ho   ^roatost    .livor,..n.,v  boin,.   n,"ar    th,.       st,.     ".i    of 

.iiuxiHAi'iiicAi,  i.isriniiiTiuN  oi-  nil.;  kock  .sYsiKM.t 

san.is,.mos  ami  limoston^  .hi.,  is  .^l^,:s:;;;;o,;  •  I' o^ji:.  ;;;;;:;::-:;•'-;;; 

r  .n    uHks    an.i    tl...  -..oppor   ran-o "    is  llanko.l    by   a   Silurian   tlat    on    tho    son    , 
sl.lo    whi..h   soparatos    it    from    tin-    iron    ran^nv  until    tho    two,  to-'oth  r      itl 
south  ,.opp,.r   rano-,.,  ....mo    t.>...th..r    Most  of  lak.-  Go^obi...      Abon     tvo-<l      N  o 
tW^aroa   .>t    tho    Tppor   IVninsnla,   or   0,9S.   s.p.aro    mil,.s.    is    ulJ^U^X'^Hl 

jr.    Copppr-brarinn  TPorA-s.— Thoso    rooks,  oorrosnon.lin.r    uwi.    «i  , 

'"•-'7  ™:'7f,"«- ''» 'i™ .«:..-: ;,' r;!;:;™,r  t' ,  z'l:z:: 

on    ,.,IK0  .      ih.  1  |,,,,.,.  r,.„I,„„h,.      Tl„.s,.  ,„,*,  l,„v„   ]„„  «,,„.,.n,.i.      ,!?,,, 

r;r';i.:';n;r;^r;;;;z:: '^^  -"^  ■"»■"  '•-«  -;"  -^^ «.'"; 


gan/l'^ik';,!)'  """"°»i'^  I'a.-«gcne8i8  of  copper  and  its  associates, 
t  Geological  Survey.  Vol.  I. 


SCO  Geological  Survey  of  Jliclii- 


IV.  (ll-u 
whioh  are 
aH  uiulorly 


FiOwor  Hll 
('o|)p(.t'-bo; 
Ilnronian  . 
T,anrontlai 
Unknown  . 

Total 


{'oppor 
siiioo.*  I' 
tho  form  . 
wlii.'li  was 
l.)gioal  pr( 
its  reality 


The  (lie 

was  prinoi] 
in  a.lii.M'in 
(icminatod 
minors  as 
rior  is  .lis 

Veins, — 
native  ooj) 

].  Tho 
rooks,  an.l 
ilowuwar.l 
to  8°,  10°,  ii 
of  ivowoon 
A  (lilVoront 
There  tln.j 
of  Kow.'.'ni 

•J.  Tlio  > 
niMlion  of 
under  th(> 

Most  pr 
i'lKonix.  til 
tlioy  all  .'a 
mine  of  II 
veins  have 
woisrht. 

The  Mil 
lirst  syslon 
iiij:;  .')10  t.M 

*  "  Tlio  Co 


MiNEKAL  Resources. 


53 


/r.  aiiuiitrn.—Thi'Hi'.  rocks,  wlii<-h  liiivn  ho  fur  produced  no  iiHoful  inincriils,  and 
whidi  arc  ImlioviMl  to  be  c(inivalcnta  of  tlio  Laurcntian  of  Canada,  are  roprcHontcU 
HH  underlying  about  1,83!)  wquarc  niilcsi— crinal  to  12  per  cent,  of  tlio  total  area. 

KKCAl'ITi:i,ATI(>N. 

Arm. 
Hqr.  M1II4. 
Lower  Hllnrlan.. , j)9g2 

('..i.pcr-i.earin^.. ■!■!:!:::::::::::::;:::::::::::::;  i]m 

Unronian  or  iroii-bcaring 1901 

If"'*^"'''"' '-■■■■";:::::::::":::::::::;;:::;  i>39 

Unknown  .... 'gyg 

Total  area  of  Upper  Peidnsnla,  exclusive  of  islandn,  about IsfiQl 

COPPJOIl  ANI>  (JOI'PEIt  MINI  NO. 

Copper  uiinin;,^  on  lakt!  Superior  connnenccd  In  18-15,  about  twenty-eight  years 
since.*  Prior  to  tills  date,  copjier  iiad  l)een  olitained  tlirouj,'ii(.nt  tiic  world  in 
the  form  of  .sulpluu'ct.  The  discoveries  of  lake  Superior  were  of  native  copper, 
which  wus  a  novelty  in  copjjer  mining,  and  so  lmprol)able,  according  to  all  geo- 
logical i>rccedeuts,  tiiat  much  doubt  was  e.\presse<l  l)y  scientific  men  in  regard  to 
its  reality.      Tiie  facts  were,  however,  abundantly  jiroven. 

KOHMS  Of   TIIK  COITK.K   DKI'OSITS. 

Tiu^  distribution  of  this  native  copjjcr,  wldch  scorned  sudi  a  geological  wonder, 
was  i)rincii)ally  in  mass(;s  of  various  weight,  "l)arrel  work,"  which  is  strung  together 
in  adhering  rock,  like  roots  of  a  tree  in  tiie  soil,  and  "stamp  stuiT',"  whidi  is  dis- 
seminated tlu-ougii  the  copper-bearing  rock  in  small  i)articles,  known  among 
miners  as  "shot  copper."'  In  these  three  forms  th(«  native  copper  of  lake;  Supe- 
rior is  distributed. 

Veins— In  this  district  we  liave  two  systems  of  well  defined  veins  carrying 
native  copper: 

1.  The  true  fissure  or  fracture-  veius  running  across  tlie  stratiuof  the  stratified 
rocks,  aud  at  nearly  riglit  angles  to  the  formation,  or  axis  of  upheaval.  In  their 
downward  course  they  deviate  more  or  less  from  the  perpendicular,  amounting 
to  8°,  10°,  ami  12".  Tliey  also  expaiul  and  contract  at  short  intervals.  The  veins 
of  Keweenaw  counly  belong  to  this  system.  Their  course  is  al)ont  north  21}^  west. 
A  (lifl'crent  class  of  veins  belonging  to  the  first  system  prevails  in  Ontonagon  comity, 
'i'here  they  run  with  the  formation,  instead  of  cutting  it  at  right  angles,  like  those 
of  Keweenaw  point. 

2.  Tlie  second  system  of  veins,  or  deiiosits,  also  running  parallel  with  tiie  for- 
niMlion  of  the  trai)  range,  and  lying  between  it  and  the  sandstones,  are  known 
under  the   name  of  belts.       They  are  of  the  amygdaloid  and  conglomerate  series. 

Most  iiromincnt  among  (lie  first  systcii  in  Keweenaw  county  are  the  (llifV,  tlie 
riKcnix.  the  Central,  and  C()pi)er  Falls  veins.  Tliey  are  called  mass  veins,  yet 
tlicy  all  carry  more  or  less  stamp  rock.  Tlie  Clifi-  luis  been  the  first  i)roductivft 
mine  of  (lie  country,  and  stands  to-day  among  the  best.  All  the  above  named 
veins  have  produced  a  great  nniuber  of  masses,  ranging  from  .100  to  m)  tons 
weight. 

Tiie  :Minncsola  vein,  in  Ontonagon  county,  belongs  to  the  second  class  of  the 
lifst  system.  'I'bis  vein  has  also  jn'odiiced  a  great  number  of  masses,  one  weigh- 
ing i>M  tons. 

*  "The  Coppor  Mines  oC  La'ic  Siiperinr,"  l)y  <).  I).  AMiloy— pimplilut,  IST?. 


64 


Statistics  of  Michigan. 


/M/N  -TiM.  an.VK.iulol.l  I.oUh,  most  know.,  in  Houghton  conntv,  nu:  tho  Posvibl.. 

JHI.    Kojalo  l„.lt.      |i„.y  ,.,v  all  an.yn;.laloi,K  l„a  of  a  dilU.n.nl  ro.npo.ition      l>,„f 
.    .!    PHMM.t    .h,.n.s,.lv,..s   nn.l.T  a  va.-loty   of  ..ha.aH..r   in   .lifl-,.,-,.,,!    I,.mN    ,,  ,|   ii 

T::t^::: "  "•'  -'-  """•"'  ^"  '^"-"■" ■  ---y  -'  '-••'  ^'^^'t".;;:; :: 

1.  Th..  tiisi  ,„.,.  is  faidu-st  no,-ll,,  „n  tho  H.itish  A.noi-iran  p.-o,...,lv  in  mtion 
11,  tow..  .8  no,th.  .•ange  .-.O  w.s,.      Thi«  li.s  no.th  of  tho  Asu-IkmI.      Th      h  ]    Z 

:^^:i';i;:a.t^;:;;.::'''"'""^'-'"  "■"•  ""^  ^'--t--.--  i-i"-..  i..-  a.,  ont^op 

^vJ'b'"'    '"'V  /7^'r"'''"    '«■''   fi:«'"ff    t"   tho   south   is  tho  Ash.1,0,1.      This  is  so 
vol    know.,  that  it  is  not  nec-ossaiy  t..  ,ofo.-  to  it  at  lon«th.      Su»  Ice  i     to  sav 

pruJ^r;.;::;; '''"'-' ''- " """"-  -^  ^-^  -  "'^  ^^'I'l-  ----^  -  tSi 

ston;'^'*'T;r!  *'  !''"  *"l!":\"""*^  '^"'^-  "'.V-g  ^^o»t  SOO  feet  north  of  the  Green- 
stoie.  rhis  has  '.oen  falsely  oallo.l  the  "Pewabio  bolt."  It  has  been  too  litt  o 
explored  to  doeide  ..pon  its  value.  ^ 

to  ^'oImT'^m"""  I"  ^°  "«»'^'''"  i«  the  Delaware  ini..e  belt,  which  is  now  opened 
to  a  considorab  o  extent  in  that  n.ine;  also  in  the  old  .Stoute,d,e,-ff  n.i..o,  an,    to 
l.n  .  od  oxte..t  n.  tho  (^o.n.octicnt  and  A..,ygdalol.l  ...inos.     The  gonerali;  ."mL 

Tr::rorT/'7''''  '^"'"^  ""^  '^^^ ''  ^ly  wo..kabi,'w.u:;:;vA:^  t 

tin  l^  '■"''^'"■''  '■'""•       ^''''^  '•^•'^""^  "t  tlie  Delaware  disproves  this 

heory  as  the  cross  cuts  have  proved  a  dista..co  of  n.ore  tha.i  one  h.  n.hv'  Zl 
trom  ho  vo.n,  an,l  show  no  change  for  the  worse  in  that  di.tanco 
«n.n"  ^'";r'''  ^f^  '"  succession  is  ilic  Modora,  thou-h  this  n.av  p.ovo  to  bo  tho 
sa  ne  as  the  last  .nentioned.  Son.e  rock  take,  f.om  this  n.ino  with  but  lit. lo 
seloct.on,  yloldod  at  tho  C.itrstan.p  null  ,y^  per  cent  of  d,-essc!;i  c'o  ;K.r. 
Gro;nsto;.o'."  ""  ''  '"  '"""'"'""'  ''^  »"«  ^'--  '-'>•  -^^>-t  800  foot  south  of  tho 
7.  Still  taithor  south,  a  bolt  was  opono.l  upon  tho  M..nt.-oal  t.-aet    and    iud-in- 

rri4:;r.,;;i:,',T  """■ " '- ' "■ "  -  «"■»■"'  ."-o;:'- 

_     8.  To  tho  above  list  mi-ht  bo  addo.I  a  bolt  oi.onod  upon  Ibo  3Iendota  n.-ODortv 
■n  sect.o,.  21,  town  o8,  rau^o  21..  v.l.ich  .ivos  consido.-able  p,-o.niso  '      '       '^' 

in  i^xz;'::::;^:;:;:^' "'"' "'" ''-  --->-—•  ^^^^'-i".  -rth, 

1.  The  Hancock  conyioniorates; 

2.  AVost  Powahic; 

;{.  Albany  and  Hoston; 

4.  3IosMard; 

5.  Caluniot  and  Jlocla; 
0.  Koai-sai'go. 

ml.!er  votT/'?'  ''•'"''•""f''^"^    "••'^"    '-<"'   l'>«kod   upon   with   n.isfust   bv  .ho 
"":..    ,!    H    b""""  '''  '1-My.aud  we  see  to-day  standi...  .„ost  pn.nu- 

the  co..glo..u.raro  of   that  nan.o.  with  a   p,-o,luc.io..  of  over  1.100  ,o..s  o.   '  •    o" 

InZr''-      ""^   ^'"^  """"  '•""^"""•"-^<'  --  '-    Scboolc,.aft  and  Z.1  tin    . 

n  lv™...aw  coun.y  wo  have  .be  Allouoz  co..«.lo,no..a.o,  on  which  is  tho  Allouo. 

!»"...      .so.ne    have    assun.cl   .„    have    Id.'ntified    this    belt   as    the    Mesnurd    .•i.id 


Mineral  Resources. 


55 


ollicrw  11."  tlic  Allmiiy  and  lloston;  yet  it  lias  not  bcoii  satisfactorily  proven  to  be 
either. 

The  KearsarK*' <'i)iijj;l()inerate  liaH  also  been  oi)eiietl  In  Keweenaw  county,  showlnj? 
eonsideralilc  copper;  yet  very  little  exi)l()iln'!;  has  been  done  on  this  belt.  S<!veral 
other  eoiifiionierates  have  lieeii  traced  tiironf,'h  Keweenaw  county,  but  very  little 
work  has  been  done  on  any  of  them.  On  Jsle  Koyulo  ii  belt  of  con>!;lonierate  has 
been  oiiened,  ami  is  bidn;?  now  worked.  All  the  bolts,  both  conglomerates  and 
amyj^daloiils.  Ixdon;?  to  the  stamp  lodes.  The  amyjfdaloids,  however,  produce  ii 
good  deal  of  Ijarrcd  woi'k  and  slntt  copper. 

Ores  of  Ci>}'p''r.—'\'\u'  Moheniian  or  south  range,  forms  the  line  of  upheaval  of 
the  bedded  trap  aiul  conglomerate  on  the  north,  and  conglcmenite  and  sandstone 
on  the  south.  This  range  rumnng  paralhd  with  the  northern  one,  is  also  trav- 
ersed by  veins  for  the  most  part  at  right  angles  to  the  direction  of  the  forma- 
tion; but  unlike  the  veins  of  the  northern  range,  they  yield  the  grey  an<i  black 
sulphuretH  and  copper  pyrites,  instead  of  native  c()j)per.  The  rocks  liere  consist 
of  chlorite  and  feldspar  of  a  highly  crystalline  texture,  and  api)ear  to  be  of  an 
age  posterior  to  the  lu'dded  trap  in  which  the  nativi;  copper  veins  are  situated. 
The  ganguo  of  the  ore  veins  consists  of  calc-spar,  chlorite,  and  quartz.  This  range 
has  been  very  little  explored. 

In  the  Portage  I-ake  district,  two  fissure-veins  are  known,  carrying  hoenlte, 
(lomeykite,  chalcocite,  and  whitneyite,  this  last  mineral  having  been  discovered  by 
J.  1).  Whitney  (geological  survey  of  Michigan,  1850-51).  These  veins  have  been 
very  little  explored,  and  only  superllcially  examined.  It  is  very  remarkable  that 
the  amj'gdaloids,  traversed  by  these  tissures,  contain  only  native  copper, 

EXTENT  OF  THE  fOl'I'EU  TEKUITOKY. 

The  trappean  rocks,  which  contain  the  dejxisits  of  native  copper,  the  largest 
and  richest  in  tin-  known  world,  extend  a  distauce  of  about  120  miles  nearly  par- 
allel with  the  shore  of  the  lake,  at  the  east  end  of  the  district,  beiHg  immdiately 
on  the  shore,  and  the  greatest  distance  in  Ontonagon  comity  t)eing  12  to  15  miles. 
The  coppcr-l)earing  formation  has  an  average'  widtli  of  about  tlirec  miles.  As 
yet  but  a  small  portion  of  the  extensive  copi)er  field  has  i)een  occupied  with  pro- 
ductive mines — a  few  miles  in  each  comity,  separated  by  many  miles  of  compara- 
tively imexi)lored  lands. 

In  tlie  report  of  Foster  and  Wiiitney,  made  in  IS47.  the  copper  region  is  divided 
into  thi'e(!  districts,  each  with  an  estimated  area  as  follows: 

1,  Thi^  Keweenaw  Point  district.  emi)rai'ing  tlie  comit-v  from  the  eastern  end  of 
the  Point  to  Portage  bike.  (;i,(12U  acres; 

II.  Portage  lake  to  the  Montreal  rivei'.  including  the  Ontonagon  <listrict,  18,270 
ao-es ; 

HI.  Isle  Royale.  77.:{80  acres.  Tliis  latter  is  a  narrow  rocky  island,  al)ont  forty- 
tive  miles  in  lengtli.  lying  iiortlicasi  by  soutliwest,  varying  in  width  from  tliree  to 
eight  miles,  and  sonn^  of  its  hills  have  an  altitude  of  three  to  four  hunilred  feet. 
The  island,  although  within  the  State  of  Micliigan,  lies  much  nearer  the  north  or 
Canada  shore,  than  it  iloes  to  the  American  shore. 


(.•lAI.IIY   AM)   UKI.ATIVK   VAI.l  K   OK    hAKE   SLI'EUIOK   COPl'EK. 

A  writer  elsewliere  quoted — ^Ir.  .Tohn  K.  St.  John — says:  "If  there  is  one  fact 
wliicli  chariictcrizes  tlie  bounty  of  natiin;  to  ours  over  the  mineral  of  all  other 
countries,  it  is  that  fact  and  peculiarity  of  our  lake  Superior  native  copper,  that 
it  is  in  no  iiistaiue  contaminated  Mith  alloys  of  other  metals.  The  assertion  of 
which  fact,  when  made  by  L>r.  Ilou;4liton,  was  treated  as  a  burlesque  by  seieutifie 


50 


Statistics  of  Miciiiuan. 


men,  at  home  and  abroad,  who  eallod  It  '  backwoods  mfnonilopv.'      His  ronn-snifi- 

rn!!LT  *°/'"  *^'''"*  '^'"""''""'"  "f '-"IT^--  i"<II.*'t.-d  by  'MnCa.o  ai,p..aran....s;  won, 

ZVair"  '•°""^'-^';'"''--"  -'"  I---  U,nuruu.u  s.nartln,.  „„dor  thin  ridicule, 

pul^lc  LJention"  "    '"'   """"'"'   ^"""   '"""■"   '"^   '"""^'^   '"'^''•'"    '"'^ 

Mr.  Asldcy  Rays:  "I.,  this  co„„ccH„n  it  is  worthy  of  „„lc  that  lako  Sni.orlor 
copper,  fron,  its  bettor  quality  aud  adaptability  for  .pedal  purposes,  connuands  a 
price  tron,  three  to  fo.u-  .-outs  ,.,.r  pound  hif,.hcr  than  that  Imported." 

ClIKMIUAI.  (ON.STITLKNTS. 

fh„^'^u"'^l^'"  '"'"^,  ''^'"""■''"  ""•''''''■  "■■"  """■>='''•'  ^y  ^''  MeClin^ock.  assayer  of 
the  ITultod  States  udnt  at  rhiladolphia,  In  l.Sjr,.  showed:  .Sile.v,  7;  metallic  cop- 
per 70;  oxyffou,  17.50;  carbonic  acid,  of.,  r,S,(K      Dr.  McCliutock  adds:    .'The  mass 

wbi  .!M!r  ';'  wT.f  "'■  *■"''""■'  J"«''"^''"S  'V  rich  blue  with  a.p.a  a.nmoMia, 
^vh.  h  the  ;,n,^u,</.  fails  to  do.  The  hln.  ctvhnnate  of  c.pper  constitutes  nut  a 
small  portion  of  the  speciu.en.  The  carbonates  always  ..o.ltaiu  a  sn.a  po  Uou 
of  w.ator,  and  you  will,  therefore,  thui  the  m.r  estiu.ate.l  with  the  carbonic  acid 
etc.,  5..,0  be.ns  <ho  „h,rnt  parts;  and  no  trace  of  s.di.hur  having,  been  discovered 
they  are  assumed  to  have  been  the  carbonic  add  of  the  blu.>  carbonate,  and  the 
water  uecossar.ly   assoclat.Ml  with    it.      The    absenc   of  in.n,   snlnhur,  ^tc     adds 

fn^    letlo        :fr  1  •""  "•"'  "^  '••'"'•'"""  ^'"''  «"'^'^"'"  ""-••^  easier  and  i"! 
Ing  a  better  article  when  smelJod." 


NU.MIUCH  OI-   COl'fKIt  MINI\(t  COMl'ANIKS,   AND  ASSKSSMKNVS   AND 


nivii)i:Ni)s. 


,|  --       .     -  .mv-     .-.viiiv.     i.xiii^     »vijit;    still 

on  the  sauu.  authority  at  $11,!)  10,000.  A  lar-c  proportion  of  the  companies  never 
raised  any  ore,  ospcci.ally  in  payi.ij.-  quantities,  and  many  ..f  them  ..ro  pra.tically 
out    of   existence.      The    divid..n.I.payinjr    n.ines    do    not   exceed   ei,.ht   or   ton    in 


number, 


I'liill'ITAIil.K    MIMXIi. 

As  the  counterpart  of  many  unprofitable   ...nt.ues,  the  followiu-  further  nuota- 
t.on  IS  ^nven  from  31r.  Ashley's  pamphlet,  pa-o  13-  ^ 

"To  onco,u-age  ener-etic  eflorts  aud  a  lib-ral  exi.emliture  of  cai-ital  in  pro.c- 
eutino:  copper  nm..n.o:  on  lake  .Su,,erior.  we  Mav,-  the  astonishing-  success  of  the 
-lumet  and  llecia  the  rid.est  n,ine,  as  establ.she.l  by  its  annuarproduct.  of  any 
in  the  world,  whether  of  j;ohl,  silver,  or  co,,per.  Ju  ],S-2  it  ,,roduccd  0,718  tons 
of  m.neral,  or  at  ninety  per  cent.  8.7-17  tons,  ,„•  17.-10-I.000  poun.ls  of  in-rot  copper 
At  an  .■ivora,:re  of  ;i()  cents  per  j.oun.l  this  would  yi.dd  .«o,-2 18.200.      (Jalculatiuff  Its 

rmfoon'  ''"'n'  •*"';  '";"".'''  '!'"  '"''  ''^  '"''^  "■"">"'  '"•  «-'-""",^«0,  «"•  H  net  profit  ,.f 
9J,1J8,020.  Ih.s  calculation  is  based  upon  nnollldal  statenwuts.  but  that  it  ciinnot 
be  t:u-  iron,  a.-fual  results  is  proved  l.y  the  fact  that  the  n.ine  paid  $2,800,000  in 
cash  dividends  to  its  stockholders  durin^r  the  year." 

The  foreooin-   extract  is  reproUucod,  not    for   the   purpose  of  a.lv..rtisii,.r  the 
minii,^^    company   mentioned,   nor   does    the    >om,,iler   of   this    work   assume"  any 


MiNEUAL    KkSOURCES. 


67 


THE  COIM'KR  PnoUUCT. 

Tho  following  flguroH  are  compiled  from  reports  iiuulo  to  the  Auditor  Oeiioral 
of  tlin  State,  frv<m  statist ies  f.iimd  in  (lie  re[iorts  of  tlie  Detroit  Hoard  of  Trade, 
am:  ii  >tn  data  fiirnislicd  by  tlie  Hon.  .1.  1{.  Doverciix,  of  Houghton.  Aa  the  sev- 
eral sources  of  inforniatiou  tliat  liavo  lieen  eonsiiltinl  agree  Hubstantially,  tho 
tif  M-CB  arc  probal>ly  a;)  nearly  accurate  as  it  is  possible  to  f;et  tlieni. 

Tho  aimexcd  tabular  cxldltit  sliows:  A,  (lie  gross  product  of  copper  ore,  In 
U'  !  (presumed  to  Ijo  net  tons  of  2000  poimds),  from  1845  to  1875,  inclusive;'  B, 
'.,  roximate  product  of  ingot  copper,  in  i)ounds,  for  <ho  same  period;  C  d', 
extreme  variations  (Idglicst  and  lowest)  in  the  price  of  lake  Sui>erior  Ingot  cop- 
pi-  for  tho  years  ssliown;  E,  total  value  of  lake  Siipevior  copper;  F,  total  product 
ol  Ingot  copper  in  the  United  States,  including  lake  Superior,  'jr  a  series  of  years: 


YEARS. 


1845  to  1858 
1858  .    . 

1859 

1800 

1801.... 
1802.... 

1803 

1804 

1805 

18GG  ... 

1807 

1808 • 

180S) 

1870 

1871 

1872 

1873 

1874 

1875 


A. 


18.054 

4.100 

4,200 

G.OOO 

7.500 

!).!)02 

8,548 

2.472 

10.7!)1 

10,37(! 

11.735 

13,040 

15,288 

10,183 

10,071 

15,100 

18,514 

22,225 

22,058 


It. 

c. 

1). 

27,010.000 

7.000,000 

7,0(;1),0(K) 

0,000.000 

12,000.000 

h;,ooo.ooo 

13.000,000 

30c 

28i^c 

13.000,000 

55 

30 

14.0(»0.0(I0 

501  < 

28 

14.000,0(M) 

41 J^' 

20i.< 

1(),4(M),000 

20 

211^ 

10,!)70.000 

24ii< 

2114 

24,400.000 

20V:i 

2iyi 

25,802,000 

22 

19 

25,714,000 

27 

21 

24,2ti4,000 

45 

27 

28,882,000 

35 

20 

34,054,433 

•251.^ 

19 

35,250,000 

233,' 

21 

K. 


«in,ooo,50o 

1,880,000 
1,800,000 
2,010,000 
3,337,500 
3,402.000 
4,420,000 
0,110,000 
5,145,000 
4,7(iO,000 
4,140,000 
4,502,000 
5,308,000 
5,000.240 
0,171.300 
7,774,720 
8,200,500 
7,770,510 
7,843,150 


F. 


14,500,000 
10,000,000 
15,257,000 
15,032,000 
17,413,000 
21,200,000 
2G,5G3,0OO 
28,335,000 
28,104,000 
2G,7G4,00O 
34,882,180 
30,304,433 
40,000,000 


■ 


COI'l'EK  rUODUCT   »V   DISTllICTS,   FOU  FOUR  YKARS. 

The  following  is  a  statement  of  the  yield  of  Michigan  copper  mines,  in  round 
tons,  for  four  years,  taken  from  the  Detroit  Board  of  Trade  report  for  1875; 


I>ISTRICTS. 

1S75. 

1874. 

1873. 

15,220 

2.800 

547 

1872. 

Portage  lake 

Keweenaw 

14,025 

2,400 

GOO 

17,OG7 

4.140 

080 

12,012 

1,836 

725 

Ontonagon 

Totals 

17,025 

21,893 

18,G3G 

14,173 

I.AROK   Sl'KCIMENS  OF  MASS   COFPER. 

Largo  mass  copper  is  so  jiormal  a  feature  in  the  lake  Superior  mines  that  special 
mention  of  specimens  seems  unnecessary,  although  a  few  are  noted.  Tlic  first 
renuirkablc  sample,  weighing  over  3,000  pounds,  was  discovered  in  the  rapids  of  the 


58 


Statistics  of  MrciiioAN. 


Ontonag..ii  river,  in  1830.      It  Mas  removed   to  Detroit,  but  was  claimert   by  the 
United  States,  and  from  tbcnoe  taken  to  V/ashington,  where  it  still  remains. 

The  largest  mass  of  pure  copper  was  found  in  the  Minnesota  mine,  in  Ontona- 
gon county,  its  Aveiglit  being  44G  tons.  I,i  dividing  it  into  pieces,  weighin-r  two 
and  a  b'df  to  ten  tons  eadi,  the  labor  of  twenty  men,  during  a  period  of  twenty- 
three  months,  was  required.  The  thickest  part  of  this  mass  -vas  a  little  over 
seven  feet.  Over  12  tons  of  copper  chips  were  taken  from  it  uiuing  the  divi  linff 
process.  *' 

The  Cliff  mine  developed  one  macs  weighing  a  little  over  SOO  tons.  Masses  of 
50  to  100  tons  were  of  somewhat  frequent  occurrence,  both  in  the  Cliff  and  Min- 
nesota, in  their  earlier  working. 

The  riioenix  has  turned  out  a  number  of  l.-irge  masses,  the  largest  weio'hinff 
over  200  tons.  »       s 

The  Central  has  also  produced  a  large  amount  of  mass  copper,  tlic   laro-cst  of 
which  weighed  over  200   tons.      A  mass  was   found  at   the  surface  of  this"  mine 
partly  mined  by  a  primitive  race,  that  weighed  53  tons.  ' 

Mas-es  of  80   to  100  tons  have  been  found  in  the  Copper  Falls  and  National 
Masses  of  from  one  to  15  tons  have  been  foiyul  in  all   the  mines  that  have  been 
worked  to   any  extent,  except   the   Cidumet-Ilccla,  th^   Schoolcraft,   and   Osceola. 
The  largest  piece  found  in  the  Calumet-llecla  weighed  less  than  a  ton. 

Mass  copper  is  being  found  in  the  Minong  mine,  on  Isle  Eoyale,  The  largest 
piece  fo-uid  so  far  as  known  at  the  time  of  writing,  weighed  about  th  je  tons! 

ANCIENT  MINE   WORK. 

The  evidences  of  ancient  mine  work  by  a  primitive  and  unknown  race  are  a 
notable  feature  of  the  lake  Superior  mines.  The  discovery  of  this  old  work  was 
the  d'scovery  of  the  mines. 

In  speaking  of  the  ancient  mines.  Prof.  J.  W.  Foster,  in  his  late  work  on  the 
Pre-IIistoric  Kaces  of  America,  says:  "The  high  antiquity  of  this  miuin-  is  in- 
ferred from  these  facts:  Tliat  the  trenches  and  pits  were  tilled  even  wUh  the 
surrounding  surface,  so  that  their  existence  was  not  suspected  until  many  years 
after  the  region  had  been  thrown  open  to  ..•tive  exploration;  that  upon  the  piles 
of  rubbish  were  found  growing  trees  „nich  differed  in  no  degree,  as  to  size  and 
character,  from  those  in  the  adjacent  forest,  and  that  the  nature  of  the  materials 
with  whicli  the  pits  were  filled,  such  as  a  tine  Mnshcd  clay  envelotnng  half  decayed 
leaves,  and  the  bones  of  such  quadrupeds  as  the  bear,  deer,  and  caribou,  indicated 
the  slow  accumulation  of  years,  rather  than  a  deposit  resulting  from  a  torrent  of 
water." 

At  a  deep  inlet,  known  as  McCargoe's  Cove,  ou  the  north  side  of  the  island 
excavations  extend  in  almost  a  contimious  lino  for  more  than  two  miles,  in  most 
instances  tlie  pits  being  so  close  together  as  barely  to  permit  their  convenient 
working.  The  stone  hammers,  weighing  from  ten  to  even  thirty  pounds,  the 
chirf  tool  with  which  the  labor  was  performed,  liave  been  found  in  cart  loads. 
They  are  cither  perfect,  or  arc  ;jroken  from  use,  and  the  fragments  of  large  numbers 
of  them  are  found  intermingled  witli  tlie  d-hrix  on  the  edge  of  the  pits,  or  at  their 
bottom.  The  sample  of  mass  copper  noted  as  taken  from  the  Minong  mine  is 
more  remarkable  for  these  stone-hauuner  marks  upon  its  surface,  tlian  for  its 
weight. 

Though  it  is  probable  that  not  one-tenth  of  these  ancient  excavations  have  so 
far  b"on  revealed,  some  idea  of  their  extent  may  be  arrived  at,  from  the  state- 
ment of  a  gentleman  familiar  with  the  mines,  who  has  calculated  that,  at  one 
point  alone  on   three  sections  of  land  toward   the   iiortli  side  of  Isle  Itoyale,  the 


MliSTERAL    ReSOUECES. 


59 


amount  of  labor  ixn-fornuMl  by  thoso  iiuoieiit  iiicii  far  pxeetds  that  of  one  of  our 
oldest  coppoi-  iDiiips  on  tlio  south  shore  of  lake  Superior,  u  iiiiuo  which  has  now- 
been  constantly  ^^■orke(]  witli  a  large  force  for  over  twenty  years.  Or,  stated  iii 
another  form,  that  It  would  have  required  a  force  of  ona  hundred  thousand  men 
fifty  years  (with  their  moans  of  working)  to  do  an  equivalent  amount  of  work. 

STAAU'   MILLS   OF    LAKK   SUl'EUIOn.  * 

Every  new  miiiiiiK  ilistri.-t  liiis  lia.l  its  own  pccnliai-  experiences  in  iiiventing  and  experiment- 
iug  upon  new  niothocLs  for  the  various  operations  of  mining,  ami  more  particularly  in  the  pro- 
cesses  of  crushinp  and  (Irossinp  ores.  As  a  matter  of  course,  .luring  this  j.eriod  many  old  things 
have  been  reinvented,  patented,  and  cast  asid\  thr  re  to  remain  until  at  a  future  day  other 
geniuses  shall  bring  t'lem  forth  again  as  new. 

la  this  respect  the  copper  region  of  lake  Superior  lias  not  been  behind  other  mining  centers, 
and  probably  in  no  other  part  of  the  country  has  more  nuiney  been  expended  in  devising  nevr 
machmes  and  improvements  upon  old  ones  for  the  crushing  of  rock.  The  appliances  for  wp.ih- 
ing  the  sand  have  not  been  so  varied,  simply  for  the  reason  that,  iiaving  but  one  mineral  or 
rather  metal,  of  liigh  specillc  gravity,  to  separate  from  roC  material  which  varies  but  little  in 
Its  character  in  any  one  mine,  it  rc.iuires  mu<di  less  care  than  is  necessary  in  most  miniug  cen- 
tres of  V.ic  world. 

Cornish  Ntampn.-M  the  beginning  of  operations  in  that  district  most  of  <he  work  was  in  tho 
control  of  Cornisli  miners,  who  introduced  the  simplest  of  Coniiah  mills,  namely,  ivooden  stem 
pestles,  with  wooden  shafts  and  cams. 

Tliese  wore  well  suited  for  tho  small  niine;i,  and  particularly  to  the  limltca  menns  of  trans- 
porting more  expensive  macliinery.  As  these  facilities  improved,  they  were  enabled  to  change 
to  iron,  and  to  vary  their  patterns  of  ro<ls,  shafts,  cams,  and  mortars.  The  most  approved 
pattern,  linally  obtained,  is  tho  square  or  round  stem,  with  collar  adjustable  bv  merns  of  keys 
In  its  present  form,  it  is  .1  bar  of  cold  rolled  shafting,  an  eye  in  the  top,  an'adjustablo  collar 
with  key  idate  and  keys,  the  head,  and  a  shoe  of  chiUe.l  iron.  The  stem  is  lltted  into  tlie  head 
bj  a  slight  taper.  The  battery  has  heretofore  been  of  wood,  lined  witli  chilled  cast  plates,  and 
bed  plate  of  the  same;  but  within  the  last  two  years  the  California  pattern  has  been  introduced. 
Tho  screens  are  of  sheet  steel,  drilled  with  sixteen  holes  to  tho  inch,  the  cam  shafts  of  round 
iron,  and  the  cams  of  cast  iron. 

Hall  S'eam  <Stamj«.-l)uring  this  period  of  gnulual  improvement  in  pestle  stamps,  in  the  years 
lS5.5-(i,  the  IJall  steam  .stamps  were  introduced,  and  after  years  of  labor  and  expense,  have"been 
made  the  most  eflicient  ami  powerful  machines  ever  yet  used  for  the  purpose.  It  is  ostensibly 
the  Nasmyth  steam  hammer,  and  yd  the  many  devices  for  the  motion  of  tho  slide-valves  tho 
continuous  and  uniform  running,  the  turning  of  tho  steins,  the  mortar,  the  grates,  and  regula- 
tion of  (eed,  make  it  a  very  dilVerenl  inacliine  from  the  ordinarv  steam  hammer. 

The  movement  of  the  valves  and  revolving  of  the  stamp  "is  taken  fnmi  a  seiiarato  engine, 
which  is  usually  run  by  the  escape  steam  from  the  s-Munp  cylinder.  This  engine  is  at  tho  same 
tune  Ujcd  to  drive  the  wishing  machines,  and  also  the  lathes  and  otlier  tools  in  the  repair  shop 
Almosphocr  *Ya»ij),?.-Witliin  the  last  few  years,  still  anotlier  machine  has  been  introduced', 
which  may  be  .said  lo  occupy  an  interm.  liate  position  between  the  pestle  and  steam  stamps, 
namely,  the  so  called  "atmospheric  stamp."  This  was  brought  int,>  ellVctive  oi)eration  some 
two  years  ago.  The  peculiar  feature  of  this  machine,  and  tho  one  from  which  it  derives  its 
name,  is  the  air  cylinder,  wliich  takes  the  plate  of  the  stamp  head,  and  to  which  the  shoo  is 
attached. 

Through  ;he  upper  cylio  Icrhead  passes  the  piston  rod,  which  receives  motion  by  means  o:T 
an  ordinary  .  annocting  rod  fmui  the  main  crank  axle.  The  piston,  four  and  one-half  inches  in 
diameter,  is  lltted  witli  double  reverse  cup.b nther  packings.  The  upper  end  of  the  cylinder  is 
bored  to  receive  the  piston  to  a  depth  of  fourteen  inches.  The  working  barrel  of  the  cylinder 
13  pierceil  with  two  sets  of  holes,  for  the  ingress  and  egress  of  the  .dr,  discharging  tho  air 
behind  the  piston  after  it  has  once  been  used  as  an  elastic  cushion.  This  elastic  cushion,  besides 
increasing  the  force  of  the  blow,  removes  the  Jar  fr.uiv  tho  machine,  prevents  the  noise  incident 
to  all  such  implements,  and,  by  hastening  tho  descent  of  tho  head,  allows  an  increased  speed. 

The  crank  •  \le  runs  in  iilummet  blocks  carried  upon  the  top  of  the  side  frames,  and  can  be 
driven  either  by  a  band-wheel,  or  by  an  upriglit  steam  engine,  fastened  dircctlv  upon  the  side 
frame  of  the  battery.  Wlieu  more  than  one  battery  is  used  in  a  mill,  this  latter  method  is  not 
advisable. 

The  cylinder  stamp  head  pns.ses  through  a  deep  guide-plate,  wliich  forms  jmrl  of  the  battery 

Kii*gineer's."   '"''"''"   ''"     ''"'"'  ''  '"'""'>'•  *^'   >''•=  •"'"*'•   ''«f"''«   tl^  American   Institute  of  Mining 


60 


Statistics  of  Michigan. 


frame.  Water  is  introchircil  upon  the  upper  siilo  of  this  Ki'i'le-plate,  and  allowed  to  run  down 
around  the  (•ylinder,  thus  affdrdiug  a  lubricator,  and  preventing  the  sand  splashed  up  from  the 
mortars  from  cutting  the  cushions  of  the  guides. 

The  removal  of  th;  shock,  and  tlio  i)eculiar  construction  of  the  cylinder,  enable  a  high  speed 
to  be  oblaino  1,  and  further,  it  m.iy  be  remarked,  no  damage  can  bo  done  by  reversing  the  engine, 
a  frequent  source  of  accident  with  ilie  pestle  stamp  mills.  It  is  claimed  they  can  run  as  high 
as  '200  blows  per  minute,  per  head,  i  t  so  far  e.xperience  has  shown  that  they  should  not  be  run 
more  than  about  UO  blows  per  minute. 

So  far  tlie  best  work  has  been  to  inilverize  il)oat  40  tons  per  battery  in  twenty-four  hours,  or 
six  and  two-thirds  tons  per  licad,  of  rock  taken  from  a  No.  9  Blake's  breaker.  It  has  been 
rather  e.vpensive  in  repairs,  but  the  weak  points,  rone  of  great  importance,  are  being  discovered, 
and  no  doubt  upon  the  C'>nslrn(,'-ion  of  new  miUs,  these  can  be  easily  remedied.  In  general, 
the  mill  at  the  Phoenix  mine,  the  only  one  whidi  has,  to  my  knowledge,  been  erected  in  this 
country,  is  giving  good  satisfaction.  The  size  of  a  liattery  is  02  indies  between  side  frames,  and 
110  inches  from  crank  axle  to  floi-r.      Total  weight  8.'.;  tons. 

Another  Slyla.—HtiW  another  style  of  mill  has  been  introduced  .it  tli  Petherick  mine.  This 
is  only  peculiar  in  its  arrangement.".  The  plan  has  been  called  forth  l)y  the  scarcity  of  water 
at  the  location. 

The  rock  from  the  Blake  breakers  (two  sizes)  is  screeneil,  the  coarse  stuff  pc^sing  thence 
through  rollers.  The  line  stuff  from  both  breakers  and  rollers  is  discharged  on  to  a  jig.  All 
the  coarse  from  the  jig  passes  i  do  the  hopper  of  a  stamp  battery.  In  tliis  way  a  very  small 
pmount  of  rock  reaches  the  stamps,  and  a  modciate  amount  of  water  can  be  made  to  handle  a 
proportionately  large  quantity  of  rock,  and  may  ]>rovc  very  economical. 

It  is  but  proper  to  state  that  there  are  those  who  still  contend  for  the  pestle  stamps,  on  the 
ground  of  llrst  cost,  less  extraonlinary  repairs,  and  further,  that  small  mines  cannot  afford  to 
erect  mills  of  a  minimum  capacity  of  100  to  1'20  tons  of  rock  per  day— the  power  of  one  head  of 
Bteam  stamps.  This  the  patentee  has  endeavored  to  remedy,  by  the  construction  of  a  smaller 
pattern,  namely,  one  "f  110  pounds  wciglit,  with  a  duty  of  iO  tons  per  day.  Such  a  mill  has  not 
been  tried,  and  it  therefore  remahis  to  be  proven  whether  tliey  can  run  at  so  small  a  cost  on 
a  reduced  scale.  It  is  further  claimed  that  the  steam  stamps  re<iuro  a  higher  order  of  mechanics 
to  run  them,  together  with  a  well-appointed  machine  shop. 

These  arguments  are  well  taken,  and  therefore  the  character  of  the  mine  needs  to  bo  care- 
fully considered  before  deciding  upon  the  kind  to  be  adopted.  If  the  mine  is  however  of 
great  capacity,  the  question  can  lie  ((uickly  decided  in  favor  of  the  steam  stamps. 


IRON  AND  IKON  MINING. 


The  practical  working  of  the  iron  mines,  commencing  about  1845,  is  the  period 
from  wliich  dates  the  cliief  interest  in  the  subject.  The  first  company  was  a 
Michigan  one,  organized  at  Jaclison,  whicJi  gave  the  name  to  the  oldest  worliing 
iron  mine  on  lalvc  Superior,  the  Jaclcson  location  and  mine.  Mr.  P.  M.  Everett, 
then  of  Jaclvson,  who  formed  one  of  tlie  company,  and  was  its  treasurer  and  agent, 
writing  November  10,  1845,  from  tliat  point,  spealvs  tlius  of  liis  previous  summer's 
explorations:  "I  left  here  on  tlie  23d  of  July  last,  and  was  gone  imtil  the  24th  of 
October.  I  had  considerable  difficulty  in  getting  any  one  to  join  me  in  tlie  enter- 
prise, but  I  at  last  succeeded  in  forming  a  company  of  thirteen.  I  toolv  four  men 
with  me  from  Jackson,  and  hired  a  guide  at  flie  Sault,  where  I  bouglit  a  boat  and 
coasted  up  tlie  lake  to  Copper  Harbor,  which  is  over  300  miles  from  Sault  Ste 
Marie.  We  made  several  locations,  one  of  wliich  we  called  Iron  at  the  time.  It 
is  a  mountain  of  solid  iron  ore,  150  feet  liigli.  The  ore  looks  as  bright  as  a  bar 
of  iron  just  broken."*  It  is  not  designed  to  give  any  detailed  account  of  explo- 
rations in  tlie  iron  district,  but  the  foregoing,  being  the  first  practical  eflort  i;i 
that  direction,  seem.-;  properly  to  introduce  the  subject  of  tlie  iron  mines. 

GUOUPINd   THK   IKON'   UKPOSIT.**. 

In  the  report  of  the  geological  survey  it  is  remarked  that  in  groupiug  the  iron 
deposits  it  has  been  foimd  convenient  to  disregard  such  politi  al  divisions  as  coun- 


'  Geological  Survey,  1S73,  page  14. 


'^. 


Mineral  Resources. 


61 


ties  and  towns  in  designating  localities,  and  to  employ  instead  either  the  method  of 
the  U.  S.  linear  surveys,  or  by  the  use  of  what  may  be  termed  the  mineral  or  indus- 
trial geography  of  the  Upper  Peninsula,  by  Mhkh  it  is  conveniently  divided  into 
regions,  districts,  groups,  etc.,  which,  althougli  not  sliarply  dei  'id,  may  be  con- 
sidered at  present  to  have  the  following  boundaries:  The  "Marquette  Iron 
Region"  embraces  all  the  developed  iron  mines  of  tlie  Upper  Peninsula,  the  oars 
of  whieli  now  And  tlieir  outlet  by  way  of  Marquette,  L'Anse  and  Escanaba,  by  the 
Marquette,  Houghton  and  Ontonagon,  and  Chicago  and  Northwestern  railroads. 
This,  again,  is  subdivided  into  (1)  tlie  Negauneo,  (2)  Mlchigamme,  (3)  Escanaba, 
and  (4)  L'Anse  districts.  Tliese  divisions  may  be  conveniently  carried  still  further 
by  a  subdivision  of  the  Negaunee  district  into  the  Cascade  Range,  Negauneo  Hem- 
atite Mines,  Ishpeming  Group,  New  England  and  Saginaw  Range;  and  of  the 
Michlgamme  District  into  the  Washington,  Champion,  Spurr  and  Magnetic  ranges, 
and  Republic  Mountain  Basin.  The  S.  C.  Smith  is  the  only  worlced  mine  In  the 
Escanaba  District,  and  no  ore  has  yet  been  shipped  from  the  L^^nse  District  or 
Range.  The  "Menominee  Iron  Region,"  which  as  yet  has  sent  no  ore  t.'  market, 
is  divided  into  (1)  the  North  Belt  in  south  part  of  town  42,  (2)  the  South  Belt, 
in  towns  39  and  40,  and  (3)  the  Paint  River  District.  The  "Lake  Gogebic  and 
Montreal  River  Region"  (or  Range)  is  so  little  known  that  it  may  be  questionable 
whether  it  should  have  a  pli'.ce  in  this  economic  grouping;  it  embraces  tlic  .  ountry 
between  lake  Gogebic  and  the  west  boundary  of  Michigan,  and  is  100  miles  west 
of  the  Marquette  region. 

OKE  DEPOSITS    AND  METHOD  OF  MIXING.* 

The  iron  ores  of  tlie  Marquette  region  are  mostly  extracted  in  open  excava- 
tions; hence  the  process  is  more  nearly  allied  io  quarrying.  A  number  of  mines 
are  noted  as  having  tried  underground  work,  "but  only  temporarily;  if  such  stopes 
could  not  be  opened  out  to  daylight,  tliey  liave  usually  been  abandoned.  In  brief, 
it  may  be  said  that  no  considerable  amount  of  ore  has  as  yet  (1870)  been  mined 
underground  in  this  region,  and  of  that  so  mined  very  little  has  been  taken  out 
at  a  profit,  and  I  may  add  that  it  seems  to  bo  the  belief  of  the  most  experienced 
mining  men  that  this  state  of  things  wiii  hold  for  some  time  to  come,  for  reasons 
which  will  appear.  Nearly  the  same  reniirkii  may  be  applied  to  the  mines  of 
the  Iron  Mountain  region,  Missouri,  the  ores  of  which  are  very  similar  in  char- 
acter to  those  of  Marquette." 

The  geological  structure  of  the  iron  deposUs  is  i  cogniztHl  as  having  an  impor- 
tant bearing  upon  the  method  of  mining,  some  doubt  being  expressed  whether 
underground  mining  can  ever  be  profitably  proseeul  •!.  The  iron-bearing  or 
lluronian  series  of  rocks  are  stratllied  beds,  the  principal  ore  formation  being 
overlaid  by  a  quartzite  and  underlaid  liy  a  diorite  or  i'-eenstone.  This  ore  for- 
mation is  made  up,  lirst,  of  puic  ore;  .second,  greinish  shi.sLOse  or  slaty  rock 
(magneslan),  which  occurs  in  lens-shaped  beds  w.iu>-.  alternate  with  ore,  thus 
often  dlvldhig  the  formation  into  two  or  more  b  ;d..  uf  ore,  separated  by  v.  k. 
Usually  the   beds  of   both  ore   and    r.  ck    tliin  as   they  are   followed   m    the 

direction  of  a  st<-lke  from  a  center  of  ir\axii:.niii  thicki.ess,  producing  irregular 
lentiform  masses.  Since  their  original  deposition,  if  we  may  assume  they'Avere 
laid  down  imder  water,  the  whole  series,  including  the  iron  b.'ds,  have  been  bent 
folded  and  coriiigated  into  irregular  troughs,  .  ,i,,ins  and  domes,  which  often 
present  at  the  surface  thin  vpiurned  edges  of  pure  ore  standing  nearly  vortical. 
This  structure,  Involving  sudden  changes  »n  the  amount  and  direction  of  the 
dip,  from  horizontal  to  vertical,  woidd  evidently  ncocssitate,  in  the  case  of  under- 


62 


Statistics  of  Michigan. 


groniid  work,  constant  t-hiuifrcs  in  tho  phin  of  attacking?  tlio  ore,  as  well  as  in  the 
mode  of  supporting  the  roof.  *  *  *  These  facts  make  open  workings  a 
practical  necessity  at  the  start,  and  tlie  great  economy  of  breaking  oi  from  high 
slopes  with  lieavy  charges  of  powder  induces  a  continuation  of  tlie  method,  even 
when  tlie  rock  covering  lias  attained  a  tliickiiess  of  many  yards,  and  underground 
work  would  seem  to  he  advisable.  It  is,  indeed,  hard  to  say  what  thickness  of 
solid  rock  a  Marqnette  mine-superintendent  would  hesitate  to  remove  if  it  covered 
a  l.irge  deposit  of  ore.  *  *  *  It  would  be  (iifflcult  to  convince  our  peo- 
ple that  having  a  large  deposit  of  pure  ore  before  them  of  unknown  form  and  size, 
covered  often  by  but  little  earth,  and  backed  by  perhaps  but  a  small  amount  of 
money  in  the  company's  treasury,  it  is  best  to  incur  the  delay  and  cost  incident  to 
sinking  and  drifting,  to  open  ground  already  opened  by  nature,  and  ready  to  win. 
Wrought  as  open  quarries,  several  of  our  mines  have  paid  their  way  from  the 
start,  while,  had  they  been  opened  on  a  regular  system  of  mining,  they  would 
have  required  .an  investment  of  $50,000  in  plant  and  improvements  before  ship- 
ments could  have  begun,  and  at  least  one  year's  time. 

The  transition  from  the  present  system  of  quarrying  io  the  future  metliod  of 
unlerground  mining,  which  will  have  to  be  made  in  the  Marquette  region,  will  bo 
.1  critical  period,  and  will  jiossess  great  interest,  as  affording  a  solution  of  a 
milling  problem  such  as  may  not  yet  have  been  presented  anywhere.  Attempts 
at  its  solution  have  .ilready  been  made,  but.  as  has  been  remarked,  very  little  ore 
has  as  yet  been  extracted  at  a  profit  by  candle-light. 


of 


PnODUCTION   AND  QtJAI.ITY  Or   lUON. 

Major  T.  B.  Brooks,  elsewhere  noticed  as  connected  witli  the  geological  survey 
the  I'pper  Peninsula,  in  a  paper  written  in  1870.  and  read  before  the  American 
Society  of  Civil  Engineers,  says:  "The  product  of  tlie  Jlarquette  miues  has  nearly 
doubled  during  the  last  four  years,  and  is  now  about  825,000  gross  tons  of  ore, 
which  will  yield  on  the  average  sixty-two  and  a  half  per  cent,  of  pig  iron  in  the' 
furnace;  hence,  during  the  last  two  years,  fully  one-fourth  of  all  the  pig  produced 
in  this  country  has  lieen  from  '  e  Superior  ores.  About  «0  per  cent,  of  the 
shipments   are  specular  hemat  ^Iding  Co  per  cent,  of  iron;  17  per  cent,  are 

magnetic  ores,  yielding  Go  pei  "  iron;  13  per  cent,  are  soft  hemati-tes,  yield- 

ing 50  to  55  per  cent,  of  iron;  per  cent,  second  class  specular  ores,  yielciing 

say  57  per  cent,  of  iron.  One  hi...dred  and  twenty-live  fm-nace  stacks  use  lake 
Superior  ores  wholly  or  in  part;  of  these,  80  employ  coke  or  bituminous  coal,  as 
fuel,  10  anthracite  coal,  and  20  charcoal.  Eighty  of  tne  bituminous  and  coke 
stacks  are  in  Ohio  and  Pennsylvania,  all  the  anthracite  stacks  are  in  I'ennsylvania 
and  New  York,  and  over  one-half  of  the  charcoal  furnaces  are  located  in  Michigan. 
The  iron  produced  is  soft  and  strong,  answering  equally  well  for  mill  or  foundry 
use.  It  inclines  to  red-shortness,  without  being  decidedly  red-short.  It  is  too 
soft  for  rail-heads,  but  is  unequalled  for  the  base  of  the  rail  and  for  merchant  bar, 
and  is  now  being  successfully  used  for  'Bessemer  steel.'"  The  same  writer,  how- 
ever (geological  survey,  page  90),  thinks  that  the  flag  ores  may  prove  harder,  and 
be  adapted  for  rail-heads. 

CHEMICAL  COMPOSITION  Ul'   Oi.KS. 

flh.apterX.  of  the  geological  survey,  page  283,  contains  the  results  of  over  one 
hundred  and  fifty  analyses,  more  or  less  complete,  of  iron  ores  from  the  Upper 
Peninsula,  mostly  from  the  Marquette  region,  together  with  five  analyses  of  pig 
iron  produced  from  those  ores,  and  several  analyses  of  ores  from  other  parts  of 
the  United  States,  which  are  largely  used  with  lake  Superior  ores  ><«  mixtures. 
In  order  to  bring  out  the  variations  in  quality  of  the  ores,  and  to  obtain  reliable 


-   ■^-' 


Mineral  Kesoukcks. 


63 


practical  averages,  seldom  less  than  two,  and  in  one  instance  ei",'ht  samples,  were 
analyzed  from  tiio  same  mine.  Tin;  rejjort  refers  to  tli(^  care  tal<en  in  selecting 
samples  for  analysis,  not  to  dioose  samples  tliat  would  be  liivcly  to  produce  the 
more  favorable  '-esnlts,  and  defending  chemists  against  tlie  cliarge  often  laid 
against  them,  of  dishonesty  or  incompetency,  tlie  trouble,  as  is  claimed,  being 
with  tlic  samplers  themselves.  AVith  the  greatest  care  in  sampling,  results  varied; 
in  extreme  cases  from  ten  per  cent,  below  to  live  per  cent,  above  the  true  average] 
but  the  common  variation  was  not  more  than  three  per  cent.  The  names  of  the 
chemists,  with  an  aggregate  of  183  analyses,  are"  given.  A  table  is  subjoined 
containing  an  approximate  general  summary  of  the  results,  exhibiting  the  average 
composition  of  the  four  classes  of  ore  produced  by  the  following  mines: 

/.  Bed  Specular  Ores.— Barnum,  Cleveland,  Jackson,  Lake  Superior,  New  York 
Republic,  and  Klonian,  ' 

//.  Black  Magnetic  and  S'xite  Ores.— Champion,  Edwards,  Michigan,  Spur,  and 
Washington. 

///.  Soft  Jlematites. —Vostcr,  Lake  Superior,  Lake  Angeliuc,  Tavlor,  Mucomber 
New  England,  Shenango,  Smith,  and  Winthrop.  "  ' 

IV.  Flag  Ortf.— Cascade. 

Table  of  Analyses. 


CHEMICAL   I'ROPEUTIKS. 

I. 

II. 

19.039 
(i7.7til 
0.13 
2.13 
0.08 
0.09 
0.132 
0.199 
7.828 

III. 

IV. 

Protoxide  iron _ 

Sesqui,  or  peroxide  iron 

90.52 
Trace. 
1.39 
0.70 
0.42 
0.05 
0.258 
5.892 

75.75 
0.80 
1..530 
0.30 
0.294 
0.110 
0.185 

14.055 
3.94 
1.18 

"    V.8i" 

70.98 
Trace. 
2.01 
0.45 
0.20 
0.03 
0.13 

25.12 

Oxide  of  manganese 

Alumina 

Lime . 

Magnesia .     ... 

Sulphur 

Phosphoric  aci d _ '_'_[ 

Silica  acid,  silica,  or  insoluble  silicious  matter 

Water,  combined 

Water,  uncombined 

Water,  total 

0.77 

0.811 

" '  "  l6§ 

Volatile  matter 

100.000 

100.000 

100.000 

100.000 

Metallic  iron 

02.915 

0.111 

0.05 

Trace. 

4.74 

02.930 
0.085 
0.132 
0,091 
4.59 

52.049 
0.078 
0.110 
0.50 
3.88 

49.332 

0.053 

0.03 

Triice. 

4.09 

I'hosphorus 

Sulphur 

Metallic  manganese 

Specific  gravity 

This  table  shows  that,  except  the  soft  hematite  II L.  which  contains  about  five 
per  cent,  of  water,  all  the  ores  are  essentially  or  chielly  composed  of  oxide  of 
iron  and  silica  or  insoluble  silicious  matter.  The  other  elements,  namely,  oxide  of 
manganese,  alumina,  lime,  magnesia,  sulphur,  phosphoric  acid,  and  water,  amount 
in  the  aggregate  to  only  about  five  per  cent,  in  the  L,  II.,  and  IV.  classes.  So 
constant  is  this  ratio  that  a  valuable  determination  of  iron  in  a  hard  ore,  and  one 
sulHciently  accurate  for  practical  purposes,  can  be  made  by  ascertaining 'the  per- 
centage of  insoluble  silicious  matter,  adding  live  to  it.  and  subtracting  the  gum 
from  iOO.  * 

Regardi  ;  the  percentage  of  metallic  iron,  consumers  of  lake  Su,,  >rior  ores 
will   at  ouLo   note   that   their  furnace   books   often   show  a  higher  vield  than  02.9 


64 


Statistics  of  MrcmoAN. 


per  cent.,  whicli  is  given  in  the  table  as  tlio  average  percentage  for  flrst-class  ores 
This  discrepancy  is  easily  accotnited  for:  The  clieinist's  result  is  in  jyure  metaUic 
iron;  the  furnace  man's  is  in  pig  irm>,  ■vvhicli  contains  stiveral  per  cent,  of  carbon 
and  silicon,  and  other  substances.  Therefore,  tlie  chemist  sliould  always  find  leas 
iron  than  is  shown  by  the  furnace  aceoimts,  if  he  has  an  average  sample  of  the 
ore.  Just  what  this  dilTeren.-e  is,  depends  on  tlie  grade  of  iron  made,  on  the 
waste  in  the  slag,  and  other  things;  good  authorities  have  placed  it  at  2V^  ner 
cent. 

The   analyses  of  ores   from  other  parts  of  the  country  cannot  be  conveniently 
reproduced  here. 

rnosniOKus  i\  i.aki:  sitkuiou  oues. 
Pig  iron,  intended  for  the  use  of  steel  makers,  must  be  remarkably  free  from 
phosphorus,  one-tenth  of  one  per  cent.,  according  to  some  authorities,  being  the 
maximum  amount  allowable  for  many  purposes.  As  it  has  been  found  impossible, 
up  to  this  time,  to  ollniinate  this  clement  from  tlie  metal  either  in  the  blast 
furnace  or  in  any  of  the  various  processes  for  making  steel,  it  is  indispensable,  in 
steel  manufacture,  that  we  start  witli  an  ore  comi)aratlvcly  free  from  it;  and  for 
the  best  bar  iron,  oidy  a  small  amount  of  phospliorus  is  admissible.  Us  effect 
being  to  \h  '  -e  cold-shortness.  'J'he  distribution  of  phosphorus  among  the 
lake  Superior  =>,  it  is  stated,  so  far  as  facts  go,  follows  no  obvious  law;  it 
seems  to  have  i..tle,  if  any,  relation  to  the  kind  of  ore.  Some  of  tlie  hematite 
ores  are  among  the  lowest,  and  otlie-s  among  tlu;  ricliest  in  this  element,  and  so 
of  the  specular  and  magnetic  ores.  A  rule,  but  to  which  there  are  exceptions, 
seems  to  be,  that  the  ores  poor  in  ir.n  and  rich  in  silica  contain  least  phos- 
phorus. But  while  a  rich  ore  may  contain  more  phosi)liorus  than  a  lean  one,  it 
may^  yet  produce  a  pig  iron  containing  less  phosphorus,  because  less  of  the  rich 
ore  is  required  to  make  a  ton  of  iron.  The  interest  in  the  subject,  in  connection 
with  the  Bessemer  steel  manufacture,  leads  to  the  introduction  of  a  tabular  state- 
ment, in  which  the  mines  are  arianged  in  order  of  tlie  quantity  of  phosphorus, 
beginning  with  the  lowest.  No  mine  is  included  from  which  less  than  two  sam- 
ples have  been  analyzed. 


MINE. 


J 


Kind  of  Ore. 


.Jasi)ery  Specular  . 

Soft  Jlcmatite 

Hematite 

Flag 

2d  class  Magnetic. 

Hematite 

Flag  and  Specular 
Sneciilii 


Lake  Angeline 

Winthrop ..!/....!. 

Silas  (/.  Smith 

(Cascade 

Edwards ....V^ 

Macomber 

Cascade _ " 

Jackson 

Edwards... '."'''.'.' "/.V.V.'M^^wxSq 

Slienanpo Illematite 

Champion i Magnet ic  ami  Slate 

Lake  Angeline i Homali te 

Foster Ilcniutite    .   . 

Lake  Superior   _.| Specular 

Ji^okson Illematite  and  JaVpery." 

Cleveland Specular., 

Barnum     

Washington 

New  York 


Specular 
Magnetic 
Specular . 


I'lius]  hnrus. 


0.031 

o.o:j7 

0.047 
O.OM 
0.0.-.;-) 

o.o.f-.s 

0.0(il 
O.OGO 
0.()(J7 
0.070 
0.072 
0.071) 
0.0!)4 
0.104 
0.124 
0.120 
0.1  :u 
0.141 
0.22.i 


Iron. 


f)3.S3 

54.03 

4!).70 

49.332 

40.190 

54.92 

51.253 

03.715 

01.60 

50.315 

03.55 

50.70 

52.27 

fi2.11 

57.155 

01.092 

01.09 

(i  1.305 

01.74 


Mineral  Resources. 


65 


ANALYSIS  OP  PIG  IRON. 
By  way  of  verifying  the  results  as  to  the  percentage  of  phosphorus,  as  shown 
by  the  ast  table  the  results  of  Ave  analyses  of  pig  iron,  n.ade  fron. 'the  same 
WivL  ^l.^^''^^''^*-^"''  ^  «"^  containing  no  appreciable  amount  of  phosphorus, 
is  given.  Ihe  analyses  are  deemed  to  indicate  very  accurately  the  amount  of 
phosphorus  in  he  ores,  which,  as  will  be  seen,  averages  about  the  maximum 
given  as  admissible  in  steel. 


CHEMICAL   PROPERTIKS. 

I. 

IL 

in. 

IV. 

V. 

Average. 

Magnesia 

Q1 1*7.1.1  n..:i<^        •!•     --------          -- 

0.47 
1.83 

3.35"' 

0.00 
93.49 

0.082 
Trace. 

nllicie  acid  or  silica  . . 
Silicon....                      

"2.245" 
2.88 
0.80 
93.201 
0.138 
0.011 
0.174 

1.16 

'""3.72" 
0.30 

"  o.ioi' 

0.045 

3.21 

2.91 

'3.61"" 
0.05 

2.28 

r.rai)hitic  carbon.. 

Combined  carbon 

3.39 

Metallic  iron 

0.38 
93.34 

Phosphorus . . . 

"0.i2G' 

"0.692" 
0.04 

Sulphur ■ 

Metallic  manganese . . .... 

0.108 
0.030 
0.174 

■ _ — ^ _ — 

I.  was  chipped  from  many  pigs  of  Xo.  1  gray  fonndry  iron,  made  at  the  Pio- 
neer furnace,  Negaunee,  of  Jackson  ore.  11.  is  a  pig  iron  made  from  assorted  lake 
Superior  ores,  at  the  Appleton  furnace,  Wisconsin.  III.  is  also  a  specimen  of 
Appleton  iron.  IV.  is  No.  1  gray  foun.hy  iron  made  by  the  Jackson  Iron  Com- 
Piiny,  at  layette,  Michigan,  of  Jackson  ore,  with  charcoal,  and  is  extensively  used 
in  the  manufacture  of  Bessemer  steel. 

CO.Mr.U{ATIVE   STRENGTH   OP   DIFFERENT  KINDS  OF  IRON. 

The  >'Xew  York  Engineer,'"  of  August  ],  1857,  in  an  article  on  the  subject  of 
Lake  Superior  iron,  says:  "To  show  the  comparative  quality  of  this  iron,  we  give 
the  result  of  the  various  experiments  of  Professor  Walter  R.  Johnson,  on  the 
tensity  of  bar  iron,  from  localities  both  at  home  and  abroad."  The  result  of  the 
experiments  is  shown  as  follows: 

Strength  per  lb. 
Iron  from  Salisbury,  Ct.,  by  means  of  40  trials  ^'^""™  '^^l 

Sweden,  by  means  of  4  trials  " 

"      Center  Co.,  Pa.,  by  means  of  15  trials 

Essex  (^o.,  N.  Y.,  by  means  of  4  trials 

Lancaster,  Pa.,  by  means  of  5  trials  '" ' 

^^        II      Russia,  by  means  of  5  trials 

Carp  River,  lake  Superior,  by  means  of  i'trial.'."."."!;^' ".■;;;;;.' 

SLM.MAUY  OF  THE  IRON   PRODUCT. 

A  gentleman  familiar  with  the  history  ami  progress  of  the  iron  mines,  thus 
suminanses  tlieir  products:  Beginning  with  a  product  from  the  Jackson  mine  in 
1840  of  about  5,000  tons-the  only  work  done  in  the  entire  district-there  was  pro- 
duced and  shipped  from  the  lake  Superior  iron  mines  in  1873,  over  1,100 Ono  tons 
from  over  seventy  mines  then  working.  The  financial  panic  of  that  year,  .nd  the' 
reduction  of  price,  has  since  curtailed  operations,  although  under  these  unfavorable 
circumstances,  and  in  the  third  year  of  financial  depression  in  1875  tjiere  was 
shipped  over  800,000  tons  from  thirty  mines.    These  figures   are  additional  to  the 


58.009 
58.184 
59.400 
59.9G2 
58.661 
70.069 
89.582 


an.ount  used  in  blast  furnaces  in  the  district,  and  which  is  included  in  product 
pig  iron,  as  follows:    l-Mrst  product,   one  fm-nace,  1,027  tons   in  1858,  representi 


of 
iting 


66 


Statistics  of  Michigan. 


3,200  tons  of  ore;  last  reported,  1S74,  seventeen  furnaces  turned  out  90,500  tons  ot 
pig  iron,  the  product  of  180,000  tons  of  ore.  Tlie  total  manufacture  of  pig  iron 
in  that  district,  from  18')H  to  1875  inclusive,  was  000,000  tons,  representing  1,200,000 
tons  of  ore.  The  total  amount  of  ore  shippetl  to  same  date  being  8,.'J00,000  tons, 
mukes  th"  yield  of  the  district  in  ore,  up  to  December  1,  1875,  as  near  as  maybe, 
nine  and  a  quarter  millions  of  tons,  the  value  of  which,  at  place  of  shipment,  has 
been  near  seventy  miUion  dollars. 

PItODUCT  OF  TIIK  DIFFEKENT  MINES. 

The  three  tables  following,  show  the  number  of  tons  of  ore  shipped  from  the 
several  mines  for  tlie  years  given.  Tlie  first  two  are  taken  from  chart  XII. 
accompanying  the  geological  survey,  to  and  including  1872.  The  figures  since  then 
are  furnished  by  Mr.  II.  B.  Tuttlo,  of  Cleveland,  Ohio,  .nnd  are  taken  from  state- 
ments published  from  time  to  time  in  the  M.arquette  Journal.  From  the  same 
source  the  facts  of  the  third  table  are  derived,  showing  the  products  in  gross 
tons,  of  mines  not  reported  in  1872: 


TABLE  I. 

YEAR. 

i 

25,000 

447 

12,422 

10,309 

28,377 

41,295 

12,919 

46,0y<) 

77,i37 

83,!K),5 

05,  ,505 

92,287 

127,491 

130,524 

12.5,908 

127,642 

132,2i)7 

118,842 

113,892 

105, 6(H) 

90,568 

•J 
1 

0 

o 

c 
c 

c3 

1 

1^ 

1 

c 
s 
o 

1'^ 

li 

c 

-A 

Is 

3 

1854* 

3,000 

1,449 

6,343 

13,204 

7,!K)9 

15,787 

40,091 

11,795 

40,,364 

4»i,842 

44,959 

33,3.55 

42,(i80 

75,864 

102, 1 12 

1(K5, 133 

132,884 

U2,ti.58 

151,724 

132,082 

108,.58O 

133,875 

,    66,850 

18.56 

1856 

18.57 

1858 

4,658 

24,668 

.33,015 

25, 195 

37,709 

78,976 

86,773 

.50,201 

68,002 

1 19,9;i5 

1(X5,74.5 

12.5,560 

166,582 

]58,0).7 

185,0/0 

l«6,(ifi! 

114,07.1 

129,339 

1859 

.         . 

1860 

1861 



1862 

1863 

1864 

8,000 
12,214 
;«,761 
43,;W2 
4,5,665 
71,456 
94,809 
7(i,381 
08,9,50 
70,8,82 
77,010 
70,745 

"l9,,5()6 
20,151 
24,073 
46,607 
26,651 
39,6,94 
53,467 
3,3,645 
35,221 
4.3,933 
31,526 
26,370 

1865 

4,782 
15, 1,50 
25,440 

:k,757 

(13,229 
79,762 
48,725 
38,841 
.38,014 
28,:t90 
9,641 

8!»8 

68,060 

.5,000 

3.838 

il2 

1866 

3, 150 

9,075 

8,2.57 

14,148 

24,871 

33,3;>;» 

17, KW 

181 

2,84;j 
4,928 
17,,360 
21,450 
24,2.'i2 
t6,437 
26,026 
31,730 
2,849 
12,800 

1867 

1868 

1869 

1870 

1871 

1872 

1873 

1874 

7,977 
2,497 
3,702 

"l'i;974 
2,148 

""3^088 

t  6,000 
14,,540 
23,4.58 
13„532 
18,684 
27,372 
3,318 
(!67 

1875 

1,635 



Total.... 

1,.568,365 

1,393,690 

1,680,215 

673,275 

400,838 

98,230 

107,571 

387,731 

18,341 

110,.500 

170,655 

*  And  prior.        f  Previous  to  1869 


TABLE  II. 


YEAR. 

^5 

5 

3 

e 

U 

1 

e 

is 

G 

1 

s 

K 

C 

Republic. 

ii 

1868 

6,2.55 
7,414 
73,101 
67,588 
70,588 
72,782 
46,769 
57,979 

14,.383 
37,503 
44,793 
45,939 
39,137 
4.8,076 
41,403 
43,209 

1869 

"■ 

1870 

1871 ., 

1872 ' 

1873 

1874 

3,469 
7,319 

]4,2;jn 

33,546 
8,242 
7,502 

4,8(36 
15,942 
25,030 
38,969 

2,641 
30,407 

],8(i!t 
2,921 
9,92.5 
6,629 

'"'4,787 
9,154 

39,495 

20,,507 

16,931 

4,071 

"Y9,'m 

,37,1.'{9 
45,486 
65,318 

"is;  44.5 
9,328 

i87 

11,026 
105,452 
126,956 
119,7(S3 

1,896 
83 
6,949 
3,764 
2,184 
28a 

1875 

987 

Total.... 

412,536 

295,443 

74,317 

97,85.5 

22,271 

13,941 

84,723 

157,003 

22,960 

363,201 

13,179 

Mineral  Resouhces. 


TABLE  III. 


NAMK  OF  MINE. 


UolliiiK  Mill 

Allen 

ilurtmiin 

Klomaii 

I'ittsbiirKli    an  (I 
Liiko  Superior.. 

.Sj)urr 

MlohlKiimmo 

Michigan 

Keystone 

Himrod 


1872. 


H,707 
7,833 


1873. 


ll,.'ll!) 
.110 


21,003 
21,408 

28,HW! 

3,212 
10,4-20 

2,074 


1874. 


1875. 


36,088 

1,3«2 
42,0«8 
45,204 


5,225 


10,n4;t       37,800 
130' 


8,05!) 


2;i,(l94 
44,703 


3,340 


NAME  OF  MINE. 


Shennngo 

Cnrr 

BiiRaley 

Howell  Iloppoek. 

Knmia 

(Jril)ben 

Goodrich 

Home 

Teiil  Lake....:... 

Salisbury 

Kxcelslor 


1873. 


8,0,18 

12,770 
l,2.'t!t 
7,137 
4,.')  17 
3,25-( 
1,000 


1874. 


7,,'540 
048 
.141 
000 
720 


3,1(MI 
2, 1.10 
2,010 
7,4S0 
1,005 


07 


1876. 


1,780 


2,860 


AGOltKGATE   SIIIPMKNTS  OF   KACII   MINK. 

The  following  table  purports  to  give  the  shipments  of  ore,  in  gross  tons,  from 
each  mine,  from  1850  to  1875,  inclusive.  It  comes  through  the  s.ame  chiumel  as 
the  later  facts  given  in  the  last  preceding  tables.  It  covers  by  aggregates  the 
same  ground,  substantially,  that  is  covered  in  detail  by  those  tables,  but  it  is 
reproduced  hero  for  two  reasons:  First,  because  there  are  some  discrepancies 
between  the  several  aggregates,  which  those  interested  may  be  able  to  reconcile 
by  having  their  attention  called  to  them;  and  second,  because  the  one  table  below 
mentions  some  mines  and  their  products  that  the  otlier  tables  do  not. 


MINKS. 


Jackson  

New  York 

Cleveland 

Lake  Superior 

Champion .. 

Washington 

Republic 

Kloman 

(Cascade  * 

Baruum 

Foster 

S.alisbury 

T>ake  Angeline  . 

Edwards 

Spurr 

Michigammi  ... 

Keystone 

Mc(,,'omber 

Winthrop 

Saginaw 

Goodrich . 

Rolling  Mill... 

Excelsior 

Marquette 

Grand  Central. . 
Iron  Mountain  . 
Smith 


Total  iron  ore,  all  grades 


(irosa 
Tons. 


1.. 507,285 

0G9.42G 

l.:Wfl,708 

1,600.320 

412,397 

384,964 

363.261 

64,212 

80,749 

2f)9.G65 

105.138 

11,810 

397,570 

108.450 

97,095 

119,104 

18.999 

96.170 

74.317 

167.103 

8.138 

72.540 

4,681 

S9.234 

22,371 

18,341 

22,960 


MINKS. 


Pittsburgh  and  Lake  Superior 

Shenango  

Albion 

Carr '..'.'.. 

Bagaley ]  _ 

lloweiriloppock ! 

Eninia 

Home 

Teal  Lake 

Williams 

Rowland 

lllnirod 

Green  Bay 

Gribben 

New  England 

Allen ;;;; 

Magnetic 

1  Fuiigerford ] . 

Parsons 

Negaimee 

Mather 

Franklin 

Michigan 

Quartz 

Stewart 

Other  small  mines 


(irosg 
Tons. 


24,020 

10,404 
2,228 
2,621 
6,243 
2,205 
7,863 
3.229 
2,610 
1,040 
2,278 
5.074 
8,582 
4,517 
108,990 
9,347 
78 
145 
1,896 

11,687 
2,228 
2,007 
4,439 
3,108 
305 

39,499 


8,555,150 


*  Now  called  Palmer. 


68 


Statistics  of  Michigan. 


snii'MKNTS  OF  no  moN. 


The    following  were  tho   totiil  sliipinciits   of  pig   iron  from   the  lake  Superior 
district  to  the  close  of  niivigation,  1876: 


FU  KNACKS, 


Pionpor 

Northern . . 

Collins 

Michijfiin .. 
Groonwood 
Bancroft . . . 

Morjifim 

Chain))i()n  . . 
Deer  Luke. 
Fayette 


(ir08« 

Tons. 


101,381 
16,068 
43.949 
41,H51 
40.202 
52.316 
54,665 
31,000 
25,139 
71,335 


FURNACES. 


Bay 

Miniising 

Islipenilng 

Menominee 

Cliff 

Escnnaba 

Carp  Iliver 

Grace 

Marquette  and  Pacific. 


Total  shipments. 


Orogg 
Tons. 


38,367 

22,625 

1,150 

10.853 
6,830 

8,r)S0 

1,445 
11,346 
20,790 


♦590,537 


*  Of  which  wore  shippotl  in  1375,  81,753  tons. 

But  six  of  the  above  furnaces  are  now  running,  one  after  another  having  stopped 
in  1875.  , 

MINKS  AND   FUUNACICS. 

All  the  producing  mines  are  named  incidentally  in  the  foregoing  tables.  The 
first  of  the  following-  tables  shows  the  name  and  the  location  by  town,  range,  and 
section,  of  the  mines  in  Marquette  county  producing  5,000  tons  and  over  of  ore,  in 
1875.  Tlie  other  table  shows  tlie  ownership,  location,  capacity,  etc.,  of  furnaces, 
at  the  beginning  of  the  present  year. 

rRINCIl'AI-   rRODUCINO    MINES. 


MINE- 


Jaclcson 

Lake  Superior. 

Cleveland 

New  York 

Barnum 

Ha^inaw  

Lake  Angeline 

Kepublic 

Champion 

*VVaslungton.. 

Edwards 

*Klonian 

Spurr 

Michigamnie  . . 

McComher 

Boiling  Mill... 
Winthrop 


Kind  of  Ore. 


Bed  Specular 

"  "        and  Soft  Hematite 

a  lb 

11  u 

ii  u 

u  >. 

a  a 

Specular  and  some  Magnetic 

Magnetic  chiefly,  some  Specular. 
i,  it.  ii,  i, 

it  a  n  u 

Specular  and  Magnetic 

Magnetic 

Soft  Hematite 


Town. 

Itange. 

47 

27 

47 

27 

47 

27 

47 

27 

47 

27 

47 

27 

47 

27 

46 

29 

48 

29 

47 

29 

47 

29 

46 

29 

48 

31 

48 

30 

47 

27 

47 

27 

47 

27 

.Section. 


9, 


1 

10,  16 

10,  11 

3 

9 

19 

15 

7 

31 

1,12 

2 

6 

24 

19,20 

6,7 

7 

21 


*  Suei)cnclcd  work  in  1S75,  because  of  unrcmunerativo  prices. 


Mineral  Resouuces. 


OWNERS. 


f  IronfMlirOo 

Biiiicroft  Iron  (!o, . 
Nortlit'i'ti  Iron  Co.. 
Morgan  Iron  (?<>.... 


Michigan  Iron  Co. 


JuckMon  Iron  (,'o 

-{  I).  L.  Iron  and  LnmlJorOo. 

MiinisinK  Iron  (Jo 

Hay  Fiivtiaci!  On , 

Kscnnalia  Iron  Co 

M.  &  1'.  Itolliiij?  Mill  Co., 
Luko  Superior  Iron  Co 


Carp  Illvcr  Iron  Co.. 
Meiioininoo  Iron  Co.. 


IttOK   HMBF.TINU  FOnNAf'^EB. 


Poninsnlar  Iron  Oo 

ITnion  Iron  Co 

IXit.  A  L.  Sup.  Iron  Miinf.  Co. 

Wyanilotto  ll.  M.  Co 

Kureka  Iron  Co 

I'iKOon  Kiver  Iron  A  Salt  Co.. 

Mich.  Ci-ntral  Iron  Co 

nanfior  Furnace  Co 

Frankfort  Iron  Co , 

I.coland  Iron  Co 

Elk  Itapiils  Iron  Co 


TOWN  AND  COUNTY. 


Neffaunoe,  Marquotto  Co. 
Mar(|uuttu,  "  "  . 

<!liocolay,  '<  •' 

.M'lrtfan,  "  " 

Kly, 


Fayette,  DcltnCo 

1  HhponiinK,  Manj  netto  ( 'o  ... 

Miinlsintr.Schoolcral'tCo 

Onota,                 "            '• 
Kscanaha,  Delta  Co 

Marcjuette,  M:ir(iuotto(;o.!." 
t*  It  11 

IshpcniinK,  "  "  ._. 
Maniuelte,  "  "  ..[ 
Menominee 


Detroit  . 


Sajflnaw  Hay 

I.awton,  Van  Huren  Co... 
UanKor,  Van  IJuren  Co... 

Frankfort,  IJenzio  Co 

I.eelanaw,  I.eelanaw  Co. 
Elk  llapiils,  Antrim  Co... 


HllK 

In  Fy.KT. 


;ts 

4» 
41 
M 

tti 
(to 


■sy 

1) 

I) 

9 
0 


8 
0 
0 

n 
li) 

17 


FUEL. 


Charcoal. 


69 


nituminonsCoal 

.Anthracite 

PcatandCharc'l 
Charcoal. 


If 


Steam. 
Water. 
Steam. 


Water. 

Steam. 


•i : 


TRANSrOKTATION. 

Facts  ill  ro^'ivrtl  to  transporttitioii,  as  related  to  mining  interests,  are  embraced 
mider  tlie  title  "Transportation." 

SALINE  INTERESTS. 

Tlie  first  satisfactory  evidence  of  tlie  existence  of  saline  water  witliiii  the  lim- 
its of  Micliiffan,  of  a  strengtli  sufficient  to  make  the  manufacture  of  salt  profitable, 
was  obtained  by  Dr.  Douglas  Houghton,  the  first  State  geologist,  previous  to  1840. 

FIRST   MANUFACTURE  AND  SUBSEQUENT   DISCOVERIES. 

Tlie  first  successful  experiments  in  salt  mannfacture  were  in  the  Saginaw  Val- 
ley, in  1859,  uiuler  the  auspices  of  the  East  Saginaw  Salt  Manufacturin,"'  Company. 
Subsequent  discoveries  have  been  made  at  Saginaw  City,  Biiena  \  ■..  „a,  Carroll- 
ton,  and  Zilwaukie,  in  Saginaw  County;  at  Bay  City  and  Bangor,  in  Bay' County; 
at  Caseville,  Port  Austin,  and  White  Rock,  in  Huron  Counly;  at  East  Tawas  and 
Baldwin,  in  Iosco  County;  and  at  Mount  Clemens,  in  Macomb  County.  The  amount 
of  production  at  the  various  points  will  appear  in  the  statistical  tables. 

COMPARATIVE  PR0(;RESS  IN  SALT  MANUFACTURE. 

The  fixct  is  authoritatively  stated,  that  greater  progress  was  made  in  the  man- 
ufacture of  salt  in  Micliigan  in  four  years,  tlian  in  the  Kanawha  Valley  in  fifty 
years,  and  greater  progress  in  the  former  in  five,  than  at  the  Onondaga  Salt  Springs 
in  forty-two  years  succeeding  1797.      Mucli  of  tliis  progress  was  do"ubtless  due    to 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


Wo 


% 


''V   X?    ./ 


^^         ,V  Jt7  ^  ..  '^iLvT 


W 


:/. 


1.0 


I.I 


1.25 


1^  12.8 


2A 

I'M 

12.0 

LA.  Illll  1.6 


6" 


^*^^*\^  '^J" 
^ 


Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  NY.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


7. 


r?V 


i 


70 


Statistics  op  Michigan. 


the  wise  policy  of  the  Legislature  in  encouraging  the  manufacture  bv  a  small 
bounty,  during  the  earlLn-  years  of  the  Miterprisc. 

SAI/r  KRIXK   bKPOSrrOKIKS, 

Ho.i^,  ^!f"f "  '1'^'  ^/°"F'  ""^  "'"  contiguous  sandstones  above  and  below,  par- 
ticularly he^apo  eon  Sandstone,  have  thus  far  proved  to  be  the  principal  sources 
or  depositories  of  the  brines  discovered.  These  have  proved  exti.nely  rich  even 
more  so  than  the  most  sanguine  anticipated. 

Encouraged  by  the  information  furnished  by  the  geological  surveys,  boring  in 
several  localities  has  been  extended  to  another  group  of  "rocks,  much 'older  V.S 
«^^^^:  than  the  preceding,  namely,  the  Onondaga  Salt  Group-the  representative 
in  this  State  of  the  group  so  called  in  New  York-and  though  thc'r  productive- 
ness  IS  notyo^  perhaps  satisfactorily  established,  sufficient  encouragement  has  been 
received  to  afford  reasonable  hopes  that  these  rocks  may  yet  yield  a  supply  of  salt 

^^TJfZ'tl  f  "  '°"T  "'  ^•••'"''  *^"^  *'^^^^^"»  J-^-en^ely  to  the  saline 
wea  th  of  the  State.  In  regard  to  those  portions  of  the  State  which  shall  prove 
productive  in  rich  bnnes,  much  remains  for  future  exploration  to  develop. 

SALT  INSPECTION. 

bv  uZ  ^f  ."^''""^^^''/^  ^/.  «>?  «tate  is  under  a  system  o/  inspection  established 
LMilybe  reauS  "  ""  '''''  ""P^*^'"'  ""^^  '^^P""^«  ''  ^^^  P^^^s 

GUADES   AND  QUALITY  OF  MICHIGAN   SALT. 

radeT-  ''''*  ^"'"^"'^'  ^''''  ^*'*"'  '^"'^""'^  ^^  *^^  Inspector  according  to  the  following 

Fine -111  barrels  280  lbs.  suitable  for  general  use  for  all  family  purpose. 

One  ofT'T  .  "'?■"''  ''''  '"'"■  '""''^^•^  '•"•  l'''''^^^*"»  --^"^^  ^^"Iking  meat  and  fish. 
One  of  the  best  and  purest  grades  of  salt,  and  branded  when  coarse,  "C  Packers  C" 

so^ar  salt  "''  ^  '"'''"  ''"  "'  "^"''^  '"  ""  ^''^'^P^^t'^  ^o  Onondaga 

^eco,u;  Q««^% -All  salt  intended  for  No.  I,  of  any  of  the  above  grades,  when 
for  any  cause  it  is  condemned  by  the  Inspector,  is  branded,  "Second  Quallt;,"  and 
sold  as  such.      This  salt  is  good  for  salting  stock,  hay,  hides   etc 

As  to  the  quality  of  Michigan  salt,  the  Inspector,  in  his  report  for  1872,  says: 
"From  all  points  reached  by  Michigan  salt,  we  are  having  the  most  favorable 
ofThe  west?  ^  '  ""'^  ''  ''  '"^"''^^  ''^"'^  "''  precedence  in  all  the   markets 

ANALYSES  OF   HKINES  AND  SALT. 

The  following  analyses  of  Michigan  brines  from  various  localities,  will  show 
their  constit  onts:  ' 


Saginaw  City, 
Depth  of  well  830  ft.— Salonieter  86\ 

Lime  Sulphate 0.098 

Calcium  Chloride 2.6'1'J 

Magnesium  Cliloride _   .  I.OC!) 

Sodium  Chloride 17510 

Water 78;g80 


'■I'otal 100.000 


East  Saginaw. 
Depth  of  well  806  ft.— Salonieter  80°. 

Lime  Sulphate O.lolG 

Calcium  Cliloride 2.'2fiGo 

Magnesium  CJhlorlde 0.9029 

Sodium  Chloride 10.8639 

"^^'ater 79.7554 


'I'otal 100.0000 


Mineral  Resources. 


71 


Bangor  Salt  Company,  Banks,  Bay  Co. 
Depth  of  well  774  ft.— Saloineter  95°. 

Lime  Siuphnte 0.0722 

(Jaleinm  Chloritlo 2.9611 

Majjiiosiurii  Chloride 1.2612 

Sodium  Chloride 19.8545 

Water. 75.8460 


]Vhite  Bock,  Huron  Co. 
Depth  of  ^vell  575  ft.— Salometer  82°. 

Lime  Sulphate 0.2623 

Calcium  (Jhloride '__[_  0.5373 

Magnesium  Chloride ."  0.4100 

Sodium  Chloride 18!9134 

Water 79,"9764 


1'otal 100.0000 

Analysis  of  Michigan  Fine  Salt. 

Chloride  Sodium 97.288 

"        Calcium ]  o!329 

';        Magnesium 0.340 

Sulphate  Lime 0.697 

Moisture "  L300 

Insoluble  matter ....I  o!o4C 


Total 100.0000 

East  Tnwas,  Iosco  Co. 

Lime  Sulphate 0.0350 

Calcium  Chloride 3!4843 

Magnesium  Chloride '_  1/2433 

Sodium  Chloride 15(5141 

Water 79!g233 

Total 100.0000  

Total 100.000 

The  last  table  shows  the  chemical  constituents  of  Michigan  flue  salt,  as  distinct 
from  the  analyses  of  brines.  The  analyses  of  brines  was  made  by  Prof  C  A 
Goesmann  Ph.  D.,  of  Amherst,  Massachusetts,  with  the  view  of  ascertaining  their' 
commcrcal  value  The  analysis  discloses  traces  of  iron  and  bromine,  a-.d  com- 
pounds  of  potassnun. 

SALT  PRODUCT   FOIl  A   SERIES  OP  YEARS. 

The  annual  salt  product  of  the   State  from  1800  to  1875,  both  inclusive,  was   in 
barrels,    as   follows:    1800.  4,000;    1801,   125,000;    1802,   243.000;    1863.   466  356-    1864 
Sn-n'    !^S?'f"'^°^'   18G6,407,OV;;    1867,474,721;    1868,555,690;    1869, 509.688;  1870! 
028,9.9;    1871,732,437;    1872,724,481;    1873,823,346;    1874,1,026,979;    1875,1,081,805. 

MECHANICAL  AND  CHEMICAL  VALLE  OF  SALT  REFUSE. 

Bromine  can  be  separated  from  the  magnesia,  with  which  it  is  combined,  and  is 
now  very  extensively  used  in  the  arts  and  in  pharmacy,  as  a  basis  for  a  large 
nu.nber  of  bromine  salts,  such  as  bromide  of  ammonium,  bromide  of  cadmium  bro- 
mule  of  iron  and  bromide  of  silver,  nmch  used  in  photography.      Bromide  of  cal- 

n"'"  .'I'nLn'?.'"'''*'  ""^  ^'°^''''"''  ^'^^^  ''*'•'''»"'  ^'^'y  ^-^l»'^We  medicinal  remedies. 
Over  130,000  lbs  bromine  are  produced  in  the  United  States,  from  the  preparation 
ot  the  above  salts.  Bromine  itself  is  a  very  valuable  disinfectant,  and  is  lar<-ely 
used  in  the  army  hospitn'    in  the  treatment  of  gangrene,  etc.  " 

Chlori<le  ofMagnnsium,  ,..und  in  the  bittern  water,  m'be  used  for  the  prepara- 
tion of  hydrate  of  magnesia,  carbonate  of  magnesia,  and  other  magnosian  siilts  the 
magnesia  being  precipitated  by  adding  a  solvtion  of  caustic  lime 
^  Chhride  of  Calcium  has  a  value  in  its  use  for  the  manufacture  of  artificial  stone, 
xhe  cliloride  of  calcium  and  magnesium  are  contained  in  the  bittern  waters  and 
are  generally  deposited  as  a  double  salt.  It  is  well  known  that  a  mixture  of  sand 
magnesia  and  this  bittern  n-ater,  will  form  a  rtrong  mortar,  which  soon  hardens' 
and  when  Tuoulded  in  blocks  makes  a  good  artificial  stone.  The  manufacture  of 
artificial  stone  of  the  best  quality,  could  be  started  with  the  most  flattering 
results,  from  the  bittern  waters  of  our  salt  works. 

Soda  and  Soda  ,9a«s.-Bicarbonate  of  soda,  carbonate   of    soda   (washin<-  soda) 
caustic  soda,  are    all   made  from  salt.      Recent   in.provemcnts  in  the   manufacture 
ot  soda  by  the  decomposition  of  salt  brine,  have  been  made. 


72 


Statistics  of  MicmaAN. 


CENSUS   STATISTICS   OF   SAI/f  PHODtJCTIOX. 

Ihe  census  report  f..r  1874  ^hows  the  following  statistlo.s  of  salt  maniifacture 
for  the  preceding  year: 


STATE   AXD  COUNTIKS. 


State  . . 

Bay.... 
Iliiroa  . . 
Iosco  ... 
Saginaw 


Wlidli) 

No.  I'crHoiiH 

Niinilici'. 

KiiililoyiJ. 

55 

809 

17 

278 

3 

65 

1 

8 

34 

518 

Copitiil  In- 

Vl'BtOll. 


ai, 347,500 

172,000 
05,000 
20,000 

790.500 


Vnluo  of 
I'roductj. 


$1,119,255 

431,500 
05,000 
25,000 

597,755 


_  The  salt  works  arc  mostly  operated   by  steam,  the  offal  from  lumber  mills  fur- 
nishing cheap  and  abundant  fuel. 

SLATE. 

Among  the  other  natural  resources  of  the  Upper  Peninsula,  the  slate  quarries 
are  assunung  importance.  The  Huron  Bay  Slate  and  Iron  Company,  whoso  field 
of  work  is  OP.  Huron  bay,  twelve  miles  from  L'Anse,  commenced  operations  in  1874 
and  have  invested  about  $100,000  in  opening  the  quarry  and  getting  in  workin<.' 
order.  ihe  slate  produced  is  rapidly  making  its  way  into  market  in  Detroit 
Chicago,  Milwaukee,  and  other  cities  of;  the  Northwest.  Black,  purple  green 
and  all  varieties  of  slate,  are  produced.  Chicago  architects  regard  it  as  the  finest 
roofing  slate  on  the  continent.  A  railway  connects  the  slate  quarries  with  the 
dock  and  harbor  on  the  bay.  Machinery  for  cutting  and  trimming  the  slate,  and 
mechanically  adapting  it  to  all  purposes  for  which  slate  is  used,  is  to  be  put  in 
the  present  year. 

OTHEK  MINERAL  niODUCTS. 

_  Coal,  plaster,  aial  building  stone,  are  prominent  among  the  partially  developed 
mineral  resources  of  the  State.  The  State  census  report  shows  the  followine 
statistics  (quite  incomplete)  of  these  commodities: 

COAL  MINES. 


ST.VTE   AND  COUNTIES. 

No.  of 
nines. 

Men 
Eiiiployed. 

Oiipital  In- 
vostwl. 

Amount  of 

I'lOlllllt. 

Vftino  of 
I'roduct 

State 

4 

85 

$210,999 

*25,732,000 

400,000 

9,000,000 

2,200,000 

14,132,000 

Eaton 

$00,250 
COO 

Ingham  

1 
1 
2 

30 
14 
41 

43,000 

5,450 

108,549 

Jackson 

1 8,000 

Shiawassee  . 

2,050 

39,000 

ri-ASTEK  MINES. 


$300,000       tl  28,000  $179,000 


30.0001      00,000 
98,000  j    119,000 


rounds.       t  Tons 


Mineral  Resources. 


73 


BDILDING   STONE  QUAIIKIES. 


STATK   AND  COUSTIKS. 


State 

Calhoun 

Eaton 

Huron 

Ingham  

Ionia 

Jackson  

Marquette  .. 
Monroe 

*  CiiUic  feet. 


No.  of 
Minos. 


Men 
Empluycil. 


Capital  In- 
vi'Bteil. 


20 

107 

$145,600 

3 

4 

1 

"id 

4 

"  3,666 
200 

2 
1 
2 

7 

9 
10 
do 

9 

6,000 

15,000 

120,000 

1,400 

Aiii' 


"t  of 
'luct. 


♦308,770 

3,000 

5,000 

192,000 

79,800 

4,000 

12,000 

74,000 

28,976 


Viiluo  of 
I'rodnct, 


$43,882 

600 

2,000 

650 


1,400 

4,200 

33,000 

2,032 


MISCELLANEOUS  MINERAL  RESOUHCrs. 


the   State   that  conncj^m   "es  ^i f  ^S 

head  of  "Metals  and  their  Ore«  "170 '  f «"?'«»«  "ses  of  life.     Under  the 

and  mangane.se.      In  .salt    th^valne  of  T""'"  ''   "•«"' ^"PPer,  silver,  lead,  gold, 
in  the  arUele  on  that  sublet    p  ecedin.      7     7^  ^'''''''''''  '''  "mentioned,  a 
We   for  alum-making,   a  e  ,  o  'iced   in  ut  H^'        ""''"'  "''^'  "-^^  ^^^'^^^  ^^'^a- 
fluxing,  is  said  to  exist  iu  tt  S-elf  J,  n      ^-""P'       ^^''"'^«t«»«  «"nable  for 
sula,and  in  the  limestones  o     he  Wr 'Si^^T''!"'^'".^^^  ^^^-^  !--"- 

"larl,  and  peat,  exist.     For  minerals    sed  as  ,2m     .    T  '^^""'"ural  uses,  gypsum, 
in  the  bogs  and  marshes.      In Tombnstihr  ^"^'"*^'f !    '•"»  '''"^  manganese  ochres, 
and  peat.  "Refractory  auaeriasarTrenro^^^^^^^  T,         '  bituminous  .shale,  petroleum 
White  sand;   the  latter  h    the  t«^ 

Woodville  sandstone,  in  Acl^To,  cluv  Ir^  T  "'■  ^'''''''  '^""»*^'  "»^  i»  the 
extensively,  and  u.sed   bv  tron   m       J"  ,^!°'"  "*«  Point  first  named  it  is  shipped 

Detroit,  aid  other  poiL    ^  trmw  \"^-'   ''^"''"   ""''  "'  ^^"^b"''?. 

these  purposes  averaging  f;o^;  2  0^0  to  4  000  to''  ''  "'"*  ^'"'''  ''''  ^''^'P'"^"*^  '^^ 
etc.,  exist  in  the  fonn  of  cl  y  ea,Ule Tn  T  ^"  '"""'"•  ''•'^*^"'^'^  '^'  l>'''«kB, 
mon,  bufflsh,  and  white  briS^^^'lo  ^  ^i'  f  produc.ng,  in  dilferent  localities,  com- 

hydraulic  limestone,  ^ton^f^^^^rnf  Z'dl'.tt'  T^  ""-'T'  ''''  "^""''^''^ 
materials,  are  gritstones   hone^to,.-/  ,n?i'  I  "^ "  ^'•"""''"S  »'«'  polishing 

rials,  the  grauL,  sya^itelXi    :^.Sl':  f ;;? t^^^!'      ^-.'^»"<^i".  mat^ 
nounced  equal  to  any  in  the  worbl- nfc!,  J   '        ,        ^^P'^''  ^^emnsula,  are  pro- 
blui-sh  and  gray,  buffls      Ind  Thi  kh  f. !" '         '  "''  ^^«^™' ^-^^'^I'^^h,  and  mottled, 
sand   and  grave,  a.rborilrT      rir'^'r      "'';  ?'"'  '^""'"^'-'^ted ;  also,  limestones 
mottled,  and  cor'alli,;  ' ^^.Tter    Z^ZTu  1'"^'''' •''''  ""•'^^^'  ^^^^""^ 
jasper,   chalcedony,  chrVsocalL      Id^^ttram  s    e  't^      "  T'''  "  ""'"'''^ 

both   in   spontaneous  snrin-s    vnd   bv  nr      •        ,      •  """'^''"^    '^^^ers,   found 

State,  are  classified  as  sXt  crbol't ed   ^^1^ 7"^'   '?  ''^"""*   P'^''^^  «^  ^^e 
«ses,  lithograpl^  stones,  statioT ^J^  S  S^  ^^ar/lllm^r ""^^"^ 


74 


Statistics  ov  Mrcni«AN. 


\ 


X.    FISHERIES. 

Tl.o  insular  positl,,,,  of  Mlchijjn.i,  :v.ul  ils  lar^r,.  „„„,i„.r  of  intn-ior  lukox  «.iff. 
gcst  tlio  flshino;  i„tcn-,st  ns  ono  of  its  pron.iiicni.  f.-nUircH.  Kisli  nilliiir  .o  fur  a.s 
tho  Imti'liin.,'  aixl  doposilioi.  of  tho  yonn;,'  llshns  is  conwrnod,  Invs  ll.s  pla,-,.  ainoiur 

tl.o  nn'ognizotl  inodi.n.  arfn.      To  wliit  ,.xt<-n1;  tl.o  lIsl.e.H  (l....s  .l.-posilo ay  roach 

inatiirif,y,80  as  to  bo  of  vali.o,  is  poil.aps  yoi,  i„  (i„,  real...  ..f  .xp.Mi.iKM.I,  but  it  is 
!moxporii.,o..tul.i..h  tl.o  Staloof  Mi..I.io;a„  is  >.ivi„^r  a  tl...n>u-l.  trial  (l.n.uKl.  hor 
llsl.  coi.iiuissi„:i.  II.M-  ii.lai.il  lakes,  tho  i..„st  of  ll.o...,  aiv  .Mp.al  to  Uio  jj.-oat  lakos 
on  hor  bordoi's  for.l.'i.th  a...l  oloan.oss,  ui.<l  will,  th.^  i.i-acti.-al  valii<^  of  llsl,  (m.1(.ii-o 
proyon,  U.o  walor  an-a  of  Iho  Sla(o  nvIII  ho  .,..(,  loss  pn.duotivo  of  llfo-sustaiuins 
100(1  than  an  o.p.al  oxiont  <.f  lan.l  a.-oa.  Tl.o  stock  of  native  llsh.vs  in  tl.o  inland 
waters  still  exists  in  liberal  suj.i.ly  as  a  source  of  local  ploas.iro  and  ..so,  and  tl.o 
oo....no.v.al  llshorios  within  tho  lai-or  wai^rs  f,,.-,,.  a  n...st  inip..rtant  hrniich  of 
industry. 

EXTKXT  OF  .MK  IIKJAX   KISIIEIUKS. 

.Mr  IMilnor,  iu  his  ropo, .  on  tho  lake  lishori.>s,  j.a-o  ;!  of  appendix  to  report  of 
lii.itod  Ntiitos  Coinn.issioi.  of  Fish  and  Fisheries,  IST^-Tt,  says:  "The  llshorios  of 
tl.o  hikes  are  an  ind..strial  interest  of  la.-o  extent  and  conshlerahlo  co.n.nerci.il 
val.ie,  of  wh.ch  l.ttle  is  known  oxcei)t  ar.ion^r  (i,ose  dii-octly  into.-osted  *  ♦  * 
Thoufjh  tl.o  risks  an.]  ....certainties  of  this  vocatio..  make  Vl.o  yea.-ly  incon.o  very 
variable,  tho  invostn.e.its  of  llshor.non  in  their  stocks  are  rp.ito  respectable  sums 
and  compare  favorably  with  tl.o  fannino;  com.....nities,  bein-  all  the  way  f.-on.  mo 
to  120,000,  their  sales  .•eachh.s  in  some  instances  as  hi^r],  as  $7,000  from  their  own 
nets.  Th.s  nteis  to  those  men  only  who  actually  superintend  their  ow.i  llshorios 
A  lew  dealers  who  f..r..ish  the  nets  on  shores  sell  live  or  six  times  as  much  iu  a 
year." 

<    UMTAI,   INVKSTKI>   AXI)   MI.N    K MIM.OVKD. 

Mr.  Milner  ;^ivo:      he  foUowino;   schcdulo  of  investments   in   tishino-   stocks   on 
lake  Michigan  ill  I ^...: 

281  i.o....,l-nots    avc-ao:.;  value  r.OO §1^0,500 

■,,i  '-:■'"'*'*'      '/'■'^■.V  I-..!,'-,"  avoraf,^',  vah.e  1)1725 7;{  i)5o 

.48  ^nll-..ets.  '-l.nht  rigs,"  average  value  $225 7^ ;{00 

08  boats,  avc.-ag.i  value  $500. ...     40 000 

:W8  ]Macki.iaw  boats,  avcagc  value  $100                               'J4  800 

M:t  ]><"iii«l-iiot  ])oats,  average  val. 10  $50 -      ---  ^,^^^^^ 

KH)  anchor   boats,  avc.-ago 'value  $25 2'r)00 

4  stea...  lishing  boats,  average  val.ie  $1,800        7200 

1   sohoonor .jVqq 

500  sl.ant  ios.  average  vdiio  $50 "5  000 

100  ice  houses,  avcago  value  $100 .."!"!!.'"!.".  lOOOO 

Total  of  llsl.ing  ii.vest.nent ^4j]  400 


FiSIIKRTES. 


rs 


Th(>    number  of  n 
working,'  capiliil  at  9 

'I'lK 


..n^..M.p,oyo.l    IH  stat«,l  In   rou.u,  „..,„„crs  at  2,000,  an.l   the 


^^      Uy  two-tnir,.s  of  the  ,.....„  ,..ton.t' o„  iL  'IZ:.^: 


II  the  tiiiiio  oHtimato 
troH  111  thn  Htato  of 


AMOUNT  AND  KINDS  OK    kisu    f;^KKN 

po,:^„r!i::^s:::;;jr;;;:r;;i;;;::f  • -"■■' "'  "■" " "•■ •^n-..™,,. 

♦Ifiinl  fixh,  pounds 

tSoft  nsh,         '•          I.'t,fi40,(>27 

JMixcdlish,     "         .    2,;)87,808 

I'iikc   hciiinn:,  iioiiiHlH..        1,153,205 

Htm>;(.(.ii,                  "                4,122,021 

^^alt  llHh,  imiiiulM  .            ' " 715,017 

io,i'jy,800 

»..mni;;;\:;"i::;:,;!j';;;;;:,;t,,/r,,r;v™ '  "•"  -'""■'  -  r^-o .» 

riSIIINC}  AT  r|£A\l)   I/AVK\. 


•ago  270  days  per  .season,  and  Iho  sail  ))oats  220. 

itotlsh  anrl  trout,  avoni-iu-  about  as  follows: 


Tho  fish  takon  are  clih-dy  whi 


5  «( earners,  125,000  Jlis.  each 

«  sail  l)oats,  70,000  JIjs.  caoli 025.000 

500,000 

Total.    ..  ■ — 


,,,,  "" 1,185,000 

pool  flsh.      Ao;g,-eg;ito  values  stated: 


made  from  the  offal  and 


1.1.S5.000  Ihs.  fish,  4(! 

10,000  gallons  oil,  at  sav"55e $-17,400  00 

'  5,500  00 

Total  i)er  season  

r,,,,„    fl,  """" 952,000  00 


accessible  markets. 


*  Tno.liido.s   wall 


whito  fish,  and 


■  >t: 


76 


Statistics  of  Michigan. 


li  f 


SA(;i\AW  AND  VICINITV. 

Tho  catch  of  the  flshorics  of  tUa,  &  .„t 

<''^'^«^S  ItKl-OUT  OF  FISHERIES. 

Ino  State  census  ronort  for  iS7<i   ot.*      ^i 

erles  at  0331,001,  and  tho  catch  for  the  .Hi "  ""°""*  ""^  '""'*'''  '"^^''t^'J  «»  Ash- 

dlstHhutecI  a,no„,  thirty-select  n^Zr'l'rakM;;:  n!   ^'^'^'^  ""^■•«'-^-      '^'"'^  '« 

of  tho  shore  counties  of  tlio  State.  ^P'^-'king  In  gonorul  terms,  the  entire 

CURING  AND  MARKETING  OP  FISH 

^Jf  ire  marlicted  fresh,  salted,  and  "frozen"      'n.«  /      . 
nventcd  one,  by  which  the  flsh  a  e  packed  as  if  i„  V       7      "^  ^'''''''  1b  a  lately 
In  Detroit  packed  1,500  barrels  durii  thnflri  ""'  '"'•'  '■'■°^«'>-      0"^  Ann 

winter's  trade.  The  same  fir  n  ufnl  he  '  "  '""?"  "*'  ''^'  ""'  *""  «"eceedinff 
about  fifteen  tons  of  fresh  wh  tefl  '  :fd  o.  t  "'Th  "r!^""""'  ^''^'""''^  --"^^^ 
having  the  entrails  removed,  and  are     Ikod  and  /.  '"  "''"  "'■''^^^'''  "«  '"'''■  ^« 

portable  ice   boxes.      In  Petroit  river  nT  *' •'"''Parted  for  long  distances  in 

trade  by  means  of  pens  or  "poun  ,1"  iJSl  '"f  ""^  ''  '"'"^  '"  ^"«  -"itefish 
stakes  into  the  bed  of  the  rivers  ffleionthfose  to  f  ""'T'""^  '"'^^'«  "^^^  "''""^ 
with  openings  into  which  the  flsh  run  vn?  "'"'''""^  '''"  '"'^'^P«  «f  ««!>,  bul 
fall  Of  the  year.  By  this  mea.t  lu"  ar  "l,  eT"  '"'^f/'^V'  P--.-  -  the 
a  demand  for  them  during   the  winter       aTZ  '^•'  '^''^''''  "«  *here  may  be 

annually  secured,   places  the   mni;      lu  ictooo    "m^'ir^fl"?'"  "'  ^^'^  "^^^  "'"« 
cities  east,  west,  and  south.  '  ^"^  ^^'  '''"'  -i  ready  market  in 


FISH  CULTURE  AND  PROTECTION 

not™y';srst:;^trt;^So'fn:"^^^'^^-''^^^^^  ^^-^  -^^h  some 

protect  them  from  needless  wa^te  "''  ""^  P''"^'"^'^  "'^  "'e  flsheries  and 

THK   STATE    FISH   COMMISSION. 

miss^:?^^^t::.:n;r^^:;:' jtr;T^  '-t  --^^-^  ^  -^-^  of  com. 

600  for  each  of  the  years  ISra'^and  7/  At^  e  T'^'  '^  "^'^  "PPropriated  57, 
was  made  $7,000  per  year  for  th  and  the  L,n  '''"  ""^  ''"'  ''''  appropriatio^ 
the  Board  ^omewlut  changed  T^  2!'^  .7'% '''"'  ""'  "'^  ^-"«^itution  of 
Governor,  Hon.  John  J.  Barley    Mi    V~o      frst   organized   consisted   of  the 

and  Mr.  George  If.  Jerome,  o    Nile         r?t,^"^^         Ecorse,  in  Wayne  county, 

ofllon.  Eli  R.  Miller,  of  Rid,lamlK;hnra.oLrrT,"'^'"''''''  ""^  ^""^''^  ^^"^'^ts 

and  Mr.  Andrew  J.  kollogg,  of  d  ;  « "" w^rr 
ntendent.      The  expendifSes  we,^     I '.    873  4   ^-CL?  ■'  ^"''''''^  ^"^'  ^''P^- 

-  1875-.,  t.r  the  greater  part  of  U.e  Kal^^ -c^'S^;.;  J3;^'^J;^:'-  «^^  -^ 


PROPAGATION  AND  DISTRIBUTION  OF  FISH. 


'^^^:^;^i>^z^i^^  i^=r  jr=r'-  - 


•Saginaw  Courier  review  of  the  business  of  tUe  Vall";;;^ 


Watkr  Poweu. 


77 


Atlantic  Hiilnion 

Oalifoinlii  «alinoii 
LaiKi-lockeil  salmon 
Shad. 

Whiteflsh.      


Totals 


*  Approximately. 


1873-4. 


220,000 
80,000 

210,666' 
*l,7f>0,000 


1874-5. 


700,0(K) 

.'i.OOO 

2().').(K)0 

2,700,000 


2,200,000     3,058,000 


1878-8. 


800,000 
18,000 

8,500,666 


9,318,000 


roS.^,^n*Car:;4^^rr-ot;f""-"T"   r^   ^^^^  "^'^^^'-'-"   -e   at 

sni.i,li,.,s   that  go   to   .nalo   nn    ho  f  ,  '"''  ''*'"'   ^'"'"  "^*''^"*'"  '"««*  «f  the 

inirchasc,  fro„routsir     Th^ttwrtirMs':   r7\'^^  ^""'^   ^-«  ^-" 

i"I'"'"  lakes  and  the  oonnoctinra  .li     j'':f;'''"'  ^"'"f  ^^'^  ^'""^-'  of  the 

tho..e  pa,t.s  of  tho  State  where  ex  ■ «     on  of  S.         l'"'  ""     '"'■"*'"""  ^"'"^  ^" 
first  to  occnr.  exnaiistion  of  the  native  stock  of  ftshes  is  likely 


l-UOTECTIOX  AND  PRKSERVATION  OF  PISH. 


-u,. .,..,.,  ,.„„ .',.  c„r;:;;:;r.;:z;:,':';v,i';;  ct:;-rr."-'* 


XT.    WATER   POWEH. 


country  that    is   no't  wate";/ a   'a^  i.'  Id  It       TT'  ""if"-    ^   '•^^'""   «^ 
watered  is  snl.joct  to   dron-hts  th.t     ...n.-      •?  ,   ^"'"  "''^^  is  insnffleiently 

i-nity  of  lar^e  bodies  o    S  r  .o n-es  tZ' n'n  J      '7''''''''  '''"''''^-      '"'^^   P-^' 
prodnotivenoss.      The  permeUion  W   .    7  ''"""''"  ^""'"t'""'^  and  to  ensure 

to  a  country  what  t,.o' ^e  j     "  -    en?    s'";:^^:  ""\^""^"^'-  '-^"^  «^ -'^t-^  i« 
graphic    features.    Michl-ran    is    ■  t    nli  •.  •  ?""""^  economy.      I„  i,s  hydro- 

r-Uion   with   reference       t   e    I, T    1 S:  ^'1  "f    """"^   ''^    "'^•^''••^-      "" 
'-".1  waters,  with  re^renee  to  I^^aul^  t?::e::rr:;;;  tlCSL.'^   "'''   '" 


78 


r 


SrATrsTrcs  or  Micukjan. 


Tin;  avat?:k  smkds. 


I'irsl.  as  toll.osnnunil  I.-vHs,  „  hi..|,  ..„•,.  ..ssn.li.l  ■•..  M„nvin«  tl,.  .losn-i.t  of  the 

n.an.H  ,...anl  ,I.o  ,■,•..:„   h.K.s  on  ..in.,.,,  si •  „...  ......insula       In  ,. .,  trm^ 

-n.y    ...saul    ,l.a.   in    „...    ,„„.„.   „..„i„s„la.  ,1...   wa,..,s   ,,....   ..as.war.I     .     iZs' 


A  (lc|ir( 


ion,  liowcvi'i',  cxIcnilH 


hrio  an.lllnn.n,  an.l  w..s(wa.-.l  ...  lak.-  Mi.l.i^a...      ..  ,H.,,n.ss„.n.  howcv..,'  .. 

from  Saginaw  Imy  sont|,w..stuanlly  (..   Uuuul    Ilav<.n.  (o.n.inK    H...  vaii.'v.s  ^ 
Sa^Hnau   a,-,    (..-an.i  |{iv..rs.  a.nl  .l.awinn-  „.  i,   ,v,.n,  ,|„.  .....■(l.wani  .nui  MM.thwuni 

ho  .ontln..n,s  ,.,    ,i,os,.  .Iv..,-.      AI„n^^  .Lis  .l,.pn.ssi..n   Hn-   lan.l  ..l.-vali-.n    .......s 

m.M   on..  l.nn.nMl    t..  (wo   l.,,,,.!,-.,!    f.-.f  al.ov.  II...    1..V..1   ..f  ,l„.   ,val,.,s   „r  lak... 
ant!  linn  "" 


Ml,..lj;a..,  an.iirnn..,,  uiiii,.  n„r(l.  an.l  s,.n(l.  ol   i(  (ho  olovadons  aiv  ,nn.l,  LiHi.T 
n.ark.n;;-  as  „,o|,  as  ,.|,.v,.„   i,,,,,,!,,.,!  (;.,.(    „n    (1,,.    Ii„,.  l,,(w,.,.n  ()(s,.o-..  an.i  An^r'.n' 

ooun(i..s.  an.l  ov..,-  six   Innnhv.l  (•....(    a,   (,f .  .„•   .1.......  ,...in.s    r,    IliTls.la ,nn(y. 

I^Tw!!<  ", •"•";'  "'"';';'""^-  ''"^  ""•>■  i".ll.a(..as.,.ll..i,.n(   „,..an  Hovadou*  fbrm- 
or  fall  (.11-  null  pnijioscs.  ' 

1>ISTI{IHI    TION    OF    WATKU    I'OV.KK. 

I(   ^^.n.l.l  IM.    In,,u..>ihl,..  ,vi.l,.M,(,  v.,.y  .,...a(    lal...r.  (.,  ,.inn.„.,.a(..  all  of  (1„.  rlv- 
.>rs  o.  .Mu.|„^an  .Mai   Cnn.lsh  l.y.ln.nli..  ,,.,«..>•.      Tl.os-.  .iv..,.  h..low  a,-,.  .aU,.,,  (V..m 
.0  -na,,  hy  ...ll.nv.n.u-  t*.-    .oas.    lin...      M,.,.,.  „,-i...ly  ln(..,i.„-    ,iv..,s    an.l   ,.n...ks 
"'•«>  ;"v  .1...  .■..n.lnon.s  .,.•  ,1......  „„„,.l.  a.-,  .V.n..    .I,..ir  si/.,  an.i  ..a,.a..|(v.  ,.,,nallv' 

'•"""'■''    ><•  ■"'•I'Mon.       X.,,.  is  ..,.,1,...  a.v.ra.y  ..lain.o.l  as    (.,  poinis    (.mk'i....1  n,,on. 

Tin;  i;ami;hn  and  noui.ii.ijn  si..*!-.:. 
S.ar.in.ij    (V..in    .1...    s.,nih..as|    ...„•„,.,•  ..f   .1,,.    Slat,.,  nv    hav..   th,.    ,iv,.r    Kaisln 

Im,    ^,..^^,.on  M  ayn..  an,l  Mo..r....  ..onn.i,.s:  .1...  Kon^M.,  ...np.vln-  in(o  l),.tn,i(  .-iv,,,- 

a  short  ,l.stan,.o  l„.low  l),.(,-oi(:  .1.."  (Minion.  s,.,.kin-  lak,-  SI.  Claii-  l.v  wav  of 
Monnt  Clo.m.ns;  ,h.>  Hla,.k  .-iv,.,-.  n.a,.hin,,-  lak,.  H,„.,>n  a.  or  n,.ar  J'orf  Iln,..,„:  .ho 
^Vi  l.nvan.l  I  ar.n.lu;,.  rixvrs.  n.a,.h!no-  .h,.  san.,.  on.l,.r  n..ar  tl.,.  no.-.h..,-,.  ..xnrn.i.v 
of  Huron  ,.,mn.y,  and  (ho  Vmo  rivor,  r..a.hin,u  Sa,s,Muaw  l.av  noar  i'oint  au  Sauhl,". 
Directing  .he  ,.yo  on  tho  niaj.  (o  Sa-inaw  ..onnty,  wo  (in.l  .1,.  ('ass  Flint  Shi'i- 
wassoe,  Bad  a.ul  Tl..al.awassoo  rivors  ..onv,.rf,Mns  to  lorn,  (ho  Saginaw,  an,l\l,-ali,- 
ing  tho  Sag.naw  Vall.y  as  hy  a  ci,rl,.  drawn  iron,  northoast  to  northwost.  with 
tho  cty,.f  sag.naw  for  its  approximate  oonfr.  tho  Sa-inau-  rivor  .lohon.hin-r  i,„o 
Sag.naw  bay.      Passing  np  tho  hay,  wc  lh,d    (ho  Potato.  Saganin.  I'ino,  Jti.h.,  an.l 

»  Estimated  by  Iliggius  to  be  100  feet  above  the  lake  level.  ~~  ~ 


Watkii    Powicn. 


71> 


All    (;rcM   rivers,    |||,,    |.,( 

tli( 

'I'l 

nor 

flo 


Tin;  wi:sT|.:i(N  am.  nui!iiii;iin  hi.uv'.:. 


..--i  :i.c:;;;';;r:;:/:;,;:;:';:;^n;::;;,- -i 'l;-;^  ;-r,.wi. 

:-  ^i;™:- :::;::  iz:!zzi:i  t:;;r  P' ' ' }-  -■"  -- -: 

•I'"".  «iiHl  (1...    thinl  at  (.,i,„„„  ,.^,     ",,""',  ""'■''"•  "'"  ^"'••""1  "'   AiiiHtrr- 

<Ji-a...l    ami    [.it,!,.    Saul.l,.    ri  vm'  M",         n      '",''''" '    ''"'■'•'"'•I  ^auhl...  ,h. 

riv..rs;   u.Trav..rso(,,,.;i;"  :•"■';•'    '•'"""    -'"    ''i'"'-    ManlH,,.,, 

Markiiiar.  ^   '  '""'  """  """  '••''^"  '""flnvar.!  (<,  f|„.  MraitM  of 

i;ntknt  to  wmkii  Tin.;  i-owkk  is  1TI!.I/FI> 

.-...•.  an.i  M,;u!.u  niriiii;::;; ';;: !  ji^^:;:::;  ;^?-;:; ''  ";';';•";  'r'^'":'"  '^""^^'- 

''  ""■•"  •"•  '"'..Mila.dirln.,  ..stal]i.l.,n..n|.  in     1      S,     .    ^Z       ,        .'    ''■^'  ^''- •'"'^  «iv<- 
will,  sl.ain  woul,iiMrn...Mli,.  ni,    I    r     ,..         "'"    /^■""•'-    '^    ..mm!    i„    ..onnrrr  ion 

'•"■  '<"'"  '"• •'-•  "s...,  ist;;;:::;;;,r'':'t^'''"'  .:^'!;';''-'''^-'^^  n'^ 

"••"••In/r  and  saw  mills,  of  «l,i,.hn..r,.  -v  ,  '"    'M"c.-nin..(l    indmlcH 

In  U^aslunnuv  ..o..„,,  Vi    ..s.a.llisimH.,.  ""'"nn-r  .mi  •„..  of  „..  latt.-r. 

otluTM  o|.,.ral.Mi  l,yuat.-r  in  pail,  jrivi.  •'".".""-    """■'■'  ^^'"^   "vo 

ar<'  siti.atc(i  on  (he  Huron    river, '11%-!': 
lanir,  if  nifusiircd  |,y  a  s(rai^ri,(,  li,„.    „f 
.■onrso  of  (1...  stream  uonid  ^.ive  a  mn..h  ^n 
enau-,  11,,.   Ji„n.n  doo.s   Hcrvice  in  Oaklaml  coumv,  ,       re  it 

r-ivin-stoii,  ami  la  Wayiu,  ooimtv  after  Ic'ivin..  w,...  , 

55  cstabllslunoiits  „«,  wa  cm-  no  vo        hi.  .  ^^'  ■'■'"■"•■^"-      '"  Oaklaml  county, 

iruroM  rivers.      FCent  eo  m, v  1        4  u-  '"'":"  *"'""^'  ''^  "'"  <'""<^"-  ••'•" 

are  in  ,1...  d.  v  of  (;ram  1  ,^,  ^  "  ,  Tr'"'  '''T'T'''''  '"'"'■"^^''  "^  ^^'  '^^  2« 
.'Htabll.hnients  in  whi  ^  U  e  mi  '  ,'"  "T  '  "'"'"  "  •"'-•"•-'•••■  """"-r  of 
l-s  than  twenty  IK.r   ■'  .       o  1      "        ^'h    '"''^  "•""^'"""  I"-"'>"-"'ly  not 

52  water  powe/eJtablish!;.,:;     '  f":  :;«  ';^:rrv'  ''  '''''"''''  ^  '-'"^ 

distance  of  about  as  many  mil  •«         '1  Kaiania.oo  river  within  a 

llshinents,  of  which  ov  7;;o  '  ^m  o  d  '"'';  ^?^'''■''  ''  "'''^"'-  P^^^'^'"  •'«'••*'> 
twenty-oiffht   .•o.ntie.s  c on  titn  i„^\h  "'     ?.''  ""   ^'"'••""'•'^«"  "ver.      T„  the 

power  esubiishinent.  n^ir^t^i  ^';;:!;;;;rt:;  M^r^y'^/''''"'^-'  ^'  -^- 

Htate.  These  figures  are  not  exhit.if,.,!  f  V  ^'''"^"''•''  "*  ♦''«  <'"nre  for  the 
particular  localities   but  to  slmw  ti,„    1  •   •  PO^Pose  of  ^Mving  proniiiionce  to 

«..c„ .  ,„„ ... ,«  ;::.!-,:; ;;;:r;s  r^:^ ■;;,;;:;;;.  -:  -  -  ^t 


Of  this  iminher  ahoiit  liO 
«lreani,  and  within  a  dis- 
w<.nty  miles,  although  tho 
'.       Before  eiiteriiig  Wash- 
it'   It  takes  its    rise,  and  in 


80 


Statistics  of  Miciiioan. 


THB  POWKB  PEHrKTUAL. 
reservoir,  to    keep  „p     ,1  1    ,,?,;',""  "7  T'-'"""''  ""'  """>•  """  " 


xri.  manctfaotures. 

of  localities  witl.  ^l^rTle  w  it  r  is  f^'..M    "T  f  "^■'^""'•«''^^'^''««  f«'"  a  "-.bcr 

hek„  ;r-othereo„„,le."        "^  "°''  """  ""'  "='""'  •«e"S«t«1  -ler  the 

ineluced  dairy  p,-oO„;«  eWer!',,"™,  et*      °"'""'«""'  ""*'  " Agr-eulfue •■  I, 


M  xNUPACTURES. 


81 


UTATK 

AND 

COUNTIES. 


FT^OURfNG  MILLH,  AND  FLOUR  MANUFACTURE'^. 


!'owx»  Ukd. 


State .     goO    us 

Aleoiui     . 

Allojriin 

Alpena  . 

Aiitiini 

Bnrry . 
Bay...... 

Benzlo 

Berrien 

Branch 

Calhoun 

Ca88 

Charlevoix. . 
Cheboygan.. 
Clinton   .... 

Eaton 

GeneHce  .... 
Or.  Travt'i'so 
Oratiot 
Hillsdale.  .. 

Huron 

Ingham  

Ionia  

Iosco 

Isabella . . . 

Jaclcson 

Kalamazoo 

Kent 

Lapeer 

liPelanaw 

Lenawee 

Livingston... 

Macomb 

Manistee 

Mason 

Mecosta 

Monroe 

Montcalm 

Muskegon ... 
Newaygo  ...  ., 

Oalilanil. 

Oceana  

Osceola ... 

Ottawa [ 

-Saginaw..  ...[ 

Sanilac 

Shiawassee 

St.  Clair '_ 

St.  Joseph 

Tuscola 

Van  Bm-en  .... 

Washtenaw 

Wayne 

Wexbrd... 


IG 


14 


1,764       .?7,037,C02  1,489 


5,000 
107.000 
2,fi»M) 
38,000 
89,000 
50,000 
0,000 
197,000 
113.200 
337,000 
100,000 
3,000 
8,000 
70,000 
120,000 
175,500 
24.000 
17.000 
1(;5,700 
24,000 
]«3,4C0 
204,500 
2,000 
19,000 
319,400 
203,000 
418,800 
107,200 
9,700 
278,500 
143,500 
100,000 
21,000 
5,000 
48,000 
102,500 
115,500 
80,000 
17,000 
291,500 
29,002 
0,000 
G5,000 
194,000 
41.100 
184,500 
59.500 
201,000 
59.500 
136,000 
257,000 
1,305,000 
0,500 


1 

47 
1 
5 
35 
7 
3 
05 
30 
72 
39 
1 
2 
25 
31 
41 
5 
10 
55 
8 
30 
50 
2 
0 
71 
in 
GO 
39 
5 
C8 
38 1 
321 
5 
2! 
10 
3G 
21 
10 
8 
93 
10 
2 
14 
21 
14 
22 
31 
58 
18 
42 
C5 
07 
2 


»G,610 
225 
5,450 
55,9«0 
18,100 
300 
134.054 
32,215 
120,')33 
48,!)(H) 
:^;,0 
G50 
28.480 
'JG.940 
2,200 
8,000 
13,200 
7G.12G 
3,800 
60,271 
C2,800 


fc,lGO 

173,700 

138,000 

159.?riO 

C0,550 

2.700 

91,032 

32,200 

5C,750 

1,900 


8,400 
54,675 
38,610 
54,100 
10.220 
140.100 
14.200 
1,548 
17,000 
50,400 
8.350 
42,450 
18,800 
103.381 
17.512 
43,075 
137,f-00 
248,2:M 
200 


0,000 
682.090 
2,250 
36.200 
400,800 
170,800 
3,600 
834,354 
237.306 
1,063,731 
431,500 
2,400 
4.000 
220.034 
236.r)40 
500,010 
71,000 
80,400 
567,292 
22.000 
388,765 
431.300 
15,000 
68,260 
1,577,560 
891,250 
1,339.025 
427,775 
20,000 
655,800 
217,300 
435.000 
20,500 


69,000 
323,590 
317.680 
408,000 

54,800 
067,400 
108,600 
9.000 
147,500 
485,750 

65.442 
284.800 
135,500 
675.054 
151.100 

3;  --oo 

1.0.-2.000 

2,514.(20 

3,(0>> 


82 


Statistics  of  Michigan. 


COUNTIES. 


Allegan 

Alijemi 

Bay 

Berrion 

Ciillioiin 

Cliebo.vg.m.. 

Clinton 

Enton 

Genesee 

Gratiot 

Hillsdale.... 
Houglitoii .. . 

Infcham 

Ionia 

Jackson 

Kalamazoo  . . 

Kent 

Lapeer 


Total,  State. 


>L\NUFACTITKES   BY  COUXTIES. 

FOUNDKIKS  AND  MACIIINK   SiJlOl'S.  * 


i 

c 

Ciiiiit;il  In. 

VhIhc  (if 

^ 

vosti'd. 

I'rcpiliut. 

2 

*28,000 

$.'i,000 

2 

1 1,(X)0 

20,00C 

1 

8,'i,7H9 

15H,273 

4 

29,()00 

14,500 

(i 

030,500 

71H,80O 

2 

10,000 

5,000 

7,500 

0,000 

J> 

23,000 

,')2,0(»0 

V 

M),300 

177,2(H) 

2 

11,000 

i;i,500 

J 

10,000 

20,000 

100,000 

i:t5,(«K) 

6 

54,000 

2!1,(K)0 

H 

70,000 

1 10,0(J0 

11«,(H)0 

15S,000 

4 

10,,'K)0 

H,200 

!) 

212,700 

.'iOO.OOO 

:! 

21,000 

50,000 

COUNTIKS. 


Lenawee 

Livinffiston 

Manistee 

Marquette 

Mecosta  _ 

Monroe 

(Jaliland 

Oceana  

Ottawa 

Saorinaw..     .... 

!  Sanilac 

Sliiawassee.    . 
!  St.  Clair 

St.  ,l,J.SOl)ll 

Tuscola 

Waslitenaw 

Wayne 

Other  counlie.i. 


s 
1 

3 
6 
1 
4 

S 
5 
,1 
5 

28 
7 


Capital  In 
V08te<l. 


$08,000 
2;t,0(H) 
31,000 
(iO.OOO 
10,000 
20,()0() 
28,500 
8,(J00 
41,000 

245,000 
10,000 
25,700 

54.5,000 

]04,(KIO 

12,200 

22,400 

l,074,(X)O 

15,700 


170   44,049,899 


A'liliic  of 
I'rodnct. 


$82,000 
41,000 
01,500 
103,000 
10,000 
10,000 
24,.50O 
10,000 
50,.')00 
342,000 
11,000 
47,000 
74,.500 
122,704 
12,000 
30,000 
2,080,(KIO 
21,700 


S5,924,937 


•  Inchules  steam  engine  anil   boiler  worli 


orlis.   ( 


WACiOX,  t'AnUIAGi:,  AND  HI.KKIII   FACKIHIKS. 


Allegan 

Alpena 

Berrien 

Brancli 

(Calhoun  ... 

Clinton 

.Katou 

(ienesee 

Hillsdale... 

iiigliani 

Ionia 

Jack.»  n 

Kalar  .zoo  . 
Kent 


,1 


$14,000 

8,0(»  I 

108,000 

22,200 

83,800 

18,000 

8„50O 

39,500 

32,000 

lO.O.W 

0,000 

550,350 

40,900 

228,000 


$20,1.55 
9,000 

110.370 
42,400 
87,.')00 
2(!,HS0 
20,000 
()9,{)00 
33,014 
19,400 
15,000 

241,700 
«8,.500 

191,500 


!  Keweenaw... 

I  Lai)eer 

I.enawee 

i  Macomb 

j  Marnuetto.... 

'  Muskegon 

j  Oakland 

I  Sliiawassee... 

St.  Josei)h.... 

Van  Buren... 
I  Waslitenaw... 

AVayne 

Other  countii 


li 

i!i 

4 

5 
2 

8 
5 

li! 
10 


Total,  State ,,., 


$5,000 

$4,000 

12,000 

21,500 

01,000 

87,000 

48,000 

84.,-JOO 

10,000 

50,000 

10.300 

20,.t00 

5,;«]o 

10,000 

5,000 

13,000 

28,000 

54,000 

17,000 

27,000 

.55,800 

107,400 

9.-,500 

310,.5()0 

15,900 

20,100 

$1,.')G9,700 

31,777,525 

AGRICULTURAL   IMrLEMENT    WOHKS. 


Allegan 

Barry 

Berrien 

Brandi 

Calhoun 

Cass 

Clinton 

Eaton 

Genesee  ... 
Hillsdale... 

Ingham 

■Tackson 

Kalamazoo . 


$7,8,50 
45,000 

5,000 
2<>,000 
1 19,000 
24,000 
11,000 
2!),,50O 

8,3(K) 

.^5,000 

2!l,,500 

03,,500 

110,000 


$5,700 

115,000 

7,000 

20,.500 

14,5,000 

48,500 

11,800 

2(i,000 

11,000 

fti.OOO 

19,700 

201,000 

225,000 


Kent 

Lapeer 

Lenawee 

Livingston 

Manistee 

Montcalm..     .. 

O.ikland 

Ottawa 

St.  .losepli 

Wa.'^htenaw 

Wayne 

Other  counties. 


5 

$102,000 

$220,000 

1 

15,000 

20,000 

3 

40,000 

44,000 

4 

9,000 

10,500 

5 

14,250 

12,000 

1 

15,000 

15,000 

t> 

28,800 

2i"),700 

2 

;t;!,ooo 

25,000 

3 

30,000 

;»,ooo 

1 

60,000 

00,000 

2 

14,000 

20,000 

I 

1,000 

400 

Total,  State. 


Id.     $002,700;  $1,400,400 


Manufactures. 


COUNTIKS. 


I-I.AK,NO    ^yo  Tt-HKmO    MILLS.  ANn  8A8,r,  DO„H.  AND  BLIND  FACTOKIKK 


AUcKnii 

Alpcnu 

Barry 

Bay 

Benzie 

Berrien 

Branch 

Calhoun 

Cass 

Cheboygan. 

Delta 

Katon 

(Senesee  ... 
Hillsdale... 

Injfham 

Ionia 

Iosco  ... 

Jackson 

Kalamazoo ., 

Kent _ 

Ivapeer 


4 

r, 

1 

7 

7 

R 

3 

2 

1 

12 

10 

3 

3 

(! 


Lenawee ..........J    u 


t'a|)itnl 
Iiivcsteil. 


$44,000 

0,000 

22,200 

173,000 

5,000 

fi!),000 

4S,fl00 

14  000 

12,000 

10,000 

111,500 

3«(;,400 

25,500 

itO,000 

43,000 

7,000 

39,500 

112,200 

43B,000 

30,500 

127,500 


Total,  State. 


Yiihie 

(if 

I'loduct. 


$48,881 

18,000 

36,000 

723,000 

4,000 

201,275 

40,400 

5!»,500 

3,".,000 

4,000 

25,000 

340,600 

254,iKK) 

11,000 

119,000 

68,500 

10,0(K) 

92,900 

145,000 

560,000 

66,800 

183,000 


COUNTIES. 


Osceola . 

Ottawa 

Saginaw 

Stiiawasse*). 
St.  Clair.... 
St.  Josej)h.. 
Tuscola. 


V'anBiiren 

Washtenaw. 

Wayne 

Other  counties. 


Sfacomb 

JIanistee 

Mason .1'..... 

Mecosta ..__ 

Monroe.  ._ 

Montcalm  ....'.'.^^^ 

Muekegou 

I  Newaygo . 

Oaklaiul ,      ^ 

Oceana ["  j      2 


237 


Ciipltnl 
Inypsttd. 


$21,500 

2.i,.500 

8,000 

.•15,000 

31,600 

93,5m) 

50,000 

6,000 

12,5(H) 

6,400 

8,000 

•  iS.OOO 

92,000 

33.200 

34;00O 

.55,000 

18,i)00 

38,000 

01,000 

4.50,000 

24, 100 


$2,975,700 


83 


Value 

of 

I'nKliict. 


$36,000 
13,800 


74,000 

12.i,00(> 

110,100 

101,000 

10,000 

11,000 

5,,^0O 

15,000 

36,500 

186,000 

44,000 

57,;i0(> 

4S,000 

.34,175 

45,000 

];«»,ooo 

9!»4,!«K> 
37,500 


$5,174,621 


1  rUNIlIJiiK  AND  OIIAIR  FACTORIES. 


Allegan 

Harry 

Berrien ,[ 

Branch 

Calhoun "" 

(Jass 

(,'linton 

(icnesee 

(iratiot . 

IliUsilale '..''_'.'. 

Houghton 

Ingham 

.Jackson 

Kent 


4 

$50,000 

.'l 

9,.'iOfl 

6 

140,(XH) 

4 

25,000 

30,200 

2 

10,(K)0 

70,200 

7,  ,500 

1 

8,000 

3 

91,500 

1 

5,000 

4 

60,,50O 

S 

2.5,400 

10 

918,500 

$48,000 

3,800 

12l,.5flO 

30,000 

02,,500 

12,.500 

.50,401 

7,000 

4,000 

144,.500 

8,(K)0 

22,000 

125,400 

1, 180,000 


I  T-ajiPcr 

1  I.enawee ^[I 

:  Mecosta '" 

Monroe 

Muskegon.. 

Oakland ."..' 

Sliiawassee 

St.  Clair .".""V .] 

St.  Joseph 

Tuscola 

Washtenaw 

Wayne 

Other  c.iiinties 


10 


$.5,000 
44,000 
10,000 
10,000 
10,500 
10,000 
51,200 
9,.50O 
2'0,30O| 
17,000; 
27„5(H)| 
474,000 
18,400 


$8,000 
60,000' 
12,000 
20,000 
20,000 
16,000 
121,000 
16,,50O 
.3.1,000 
2;i,20O 
82,000 
375,000 
2i">,450 


IIAUUBL,  KEG,  PAIL,    T.B,  AND  UI.M-AVOUK  FAfTOKU 


lierripn... 
Hranch  ... 
Calhoun  .. 

Katon 

Conesoe .. 
Hillsdale. 
Ingham... 

Iosco 

Jackson  .. 


Total,  State. 


$29,000 

6,2.50 
11,0.50 

;t5,ooo 

10,100 

7,000 

5,,500 

10,000 

1.5,140 


$.52,000 
16,700 
37,200 

120,000 
2-4,300 
11,800 
4,(X)0 
20,000 
50,000 


Kent 

Lenawee .' 

Livingston  .. 

.Saginaw 

St.  Joseph 

Washtenaw 

Wayne 

Other  counties. 


00! 


$181,800 

$I.S!»,9,'!S 

10,.50O 

41,800 

8,000 

15,000 

125,  (KM) 

60,000 

6,500 

.1,000 

5,000 

22,000 

4.59,000 

250,000 

13,900 

36,400 

!f944,740 

S800,63S 

r3»5 


84 


Statistics  of  Michigan. 


DIIRWEIUKH. 


COUNTIES. 

'A 

4 

7 
1 
2 
.'i 
1 
G 
1 
3 
4 
1 
3 
4 
4 

Cupltttl 
InvcHti'd. 

Vahio 

of 

Product 

Allogan 

1-5,700 

5;t,300 

5,000 

7,000 

7,000 

5,000 

.12,000 

7,000 

10S,00() 

1^,500 

12,000 

40,600 

23,000 

130,300 

niiy 

$37,000 

3,300 

7,600 

ll,(>l(i 

15,000 

20,930 

7,300 

100,300 

14,200 

13,500 

4it,413 

.32,000 

13»,0SO 

Branch 

('itllioiin 

(Ulnton 

Eiitoii 

(lonesoo 

HilUilalo :    "■ 

lloiifrbtou 

Ingham 

Ionia 

JackHon  

Kalamazoo 

Kent 

Total,  State. 


COUNTIES. 


Kowoenaw 

I^cniiwoo 

Macomh 

Mannietto 

Mason 

Mcnominoo 

Monroe 

Ottawa 

Saginaw 

Shiawassee 

St.  Clair 

Washtenaw.... 

Wayne 

Other  counties. 


Oiipltal  In- 

VfHtlHi, 


3 
4 
4 

1 

1 

3 

3 

14 

2 

0 

H 

24 

24 


14S 


$6,000 
30,000 

i;,700 
01,000 
20,000' 

9,000 
44,.50O 

8,300 

loi,;«)o 

13,000 
31,000 
34,800 
88,3,700 
43,000 


$1,802,900 


Vnhio  of 
Product 


$1.3,230 
24,000 
15,880 

128,270 

10,000 

13,000 

27,000 

9,900 

1.38,405 
10,000 
65,500 
90,500 

840,118 
64,440 


$1,931,992 


WOOr.EN  ANI>  COTTON  FACTORIES. 


i 


Allejfan  .. 

Cass 

Katon 

<.ienesee.. 
«Jr.itlot .. 
Ilillsilalo. 
Ingham.. . 

Ionia 

Lenawee. 


Total,  State. 


1 

$20,000 

3 

2.3,000 

1 

5,(KK) 

3 

110,000 

1 

8,000 

3 

209,620 

1 

30,000 

3 

4.'),(K)0 

2 

108,000 

$10,000 
23,.500 

4,o6o 
I5;),ooo 

6,000 

13!>,0(W 

2j-),()00 

60,000 

107,610 


Macomb 

Montcalm 

Oakland 

St.  (^air 

St.  .Joseph 

Tuscola 

Van  Huron 

Washtenaw 

Other  counties. 


$12,000 

8,000 
61,  (MM) 
2!t,0(M) 
.■12,0(M) 
l.').(MM) 

6,000 
31,000 

8,M00 


WOOD   FArCET,    CLOTIIES-l'IN,    AND    WOODEN-WAIIK   FACTOUIES. 


Allegan.. 

Bay 

Uoirien... 

Cass 

Clinton... 

Kiton 

Hillsdale. 


Total,  State. 


$.5,700 

62,000 

57,000 

4,000 

7,000 

2.5,000 

8,000 


$5,000 
84,0(K) 
109,000 
50,000 

7,947 
23,000 

9,400 


Ionia 

Kalamazoo 

Kent 

I.enaweo 

Tuscola 

Wayne 

Other  counties 


$8„500 
40,(MM) 
73,5(M) 
11,,500 

5,000 
17,(MM) 

8,500 


$10,000 
10,000 
70,621 
14,068 

8,000 
2.5,000 

5,28(i 
19„500 

9,200 


$699,788 


$io,.5no 

3,.50O 
92,000 
30,000 

4,000 
4.5,000 
18,0C0 


$491,347 


nniCK  AND  TILK  MANIFACTOUIES. 


Ingham.. 
Jackson  .. 

Kent 

J.enawee. 
Midland.. 
Ottawa... 


Total,  State. 


$43,000 
.30,000 

ia5,ooo 

0,000 

5,000 

20,000 


$81,000 

28,000 

92,000 

4,500 

.3,500 

24,000 


Saginaw 

St.  Clair 

St.  Joseph , 

Van  Uurcn 

Wavno 

Other  counties. 


47 


$41,000 

JfiO.OOO 

40,540 

48,,5flO 

6,300 

8,400 

14,500 

19,000 

173„500 

215,800 

13,(i00 

32,600 

$300,440 

$626,200 

Manufactures. 


n. 

Vnliio  of 

I'roduct, 

100 

$13,290 

KJO 

21,000 

00 

m.sso 

<M 

12S,270 

(A) 

10,000 

00 

16,000 

00 

27,000 

K) 

9,900 

10 

I.'W.IOS 

M) 

10,000 

1)0 

65,fiOO 

N) 

90,500 

H) 

840,118 

JO 

64,440 

X) 

1 

$1,931,092 

COUNTIKS. 


Alleirnn 

Urnnch 

Calhoun 

'lencacc 

Huron 

Inclmm 

Kalamazoo. 

Kent 

fiOnawee 

Macomb 

Marqnetto  . 
Mecosta 


Total,  State. 


TANNERIES. 


Capital 
Invented. 


Value 

of 

I'roduct. 


195,500 
15,000 
44,iTO0 

5,000 
12,000 

6,000 
.'«i,000 

;«,ooo 

10,000 

fi,800 

20,000 

25,000 


{60,600 

;t5,ooo 

38,000 
6,000 
10,000 
9,600 
28,(MK) 
26,000 
.32,000 
12,600 
10,000 
26,000 


COUNTIES. 


Monroe 

Montcalm 

MuHkogon 

Ottawa 

Hajfinaw 

Hlilawassee 

St.  Clair 

Tuscola 

Van  Huron 

Waslitc'iaw 

Wayne , 

Other  counties. 


63 


85 


(lipital 

A'niue 

Invested. 

Product 

135,000 

116,000 

6,000 

5,000 

30,000 
78,000 

50,000 
217,600 

38,000 

40,000 

20,000 

60,000 

33,600 

68,800 

9,000 

10,000 

:H,760 

46,060 

54,000 

104,760 

342,000 

600,000 

16,:«0 

22,000 

$1,009,,S60 

11,697,600 

PAPER  MILLS. 


$10,000 
10,000 
70,621 

14,068 
8,000 

%%(m 

5,28«i 
^..-SOO 
9,200 


$699,788 


$10,,W0 
.•t,5flfl 
92,000 
30,000 
4,000 
4.'),000 
18,0C0 


$491,347 


AHofjan 

Herrton 

('alhoun 

(Jencsee 

Kalamazoo. 
Kent 


Total,  State. 


Tlranch  .. 
Calhoun., 
.lackson  .. 

Kent 

I-enaweo. 
Macomb  .. 


Total,  State. 


$15,000 
53,200 
20,000 
L.TOO 
70,000 
35,C00 


$43,000 
H3,000 
."iO.OOO 


Lenawee , 
Monroe... 
Oaklana. 


7,000  j   Shiawassee., 


60,000 
10,000 


St.  .Joseph.  . 
Washtenaw. 


TOBACCO  AND  CtGAU  FACTORIES. 


$.30,000 
50,,'«)0 

120,000 
11,000 

ai,  100 

7,000 


$90,000 

88,800 

r '1,000 

M.OOO 
60,fiOO 
,30,000 


Monroe 

MuHkogon 

Saginaw 

Wayne* 

Other  counties. 


19 


$77,000 
28,000 
20,000 
20,0;)0 
75,000 

273,000 


$637,700 


$l,')n,000 

9,000 

16,000 

1,28(!,500 
9.200 


$47,349 
32,000 
26,000 

14,  i;io 

100,000 
478,000 


$949,»97 


$300,000 
21,000 
2.5,000 

3,615,600 
26,306 


$4,411,200 


ernment   tax  of  $974,474  01;    ai  am  ciE-«r   ,«',,,,  f^^^^^^^^  o  )arr„,an(l  paying  thereon  a  gov- 

cigars.  an<l  paying  a'goven'iment  la.x  oTtimw''"^  establishments,  turning  out   '29,397,600 


$69,000 

48,500 

8,400 

19,000 

215,800 
32,600 


$626,200 


36 


Statistics  of  Michigai^. 


AGGREGATES  OF  SUNDRY  MANUFACTURES. 

Tlie  following  table  shows  the  affffrso-ate   for  fh^  «?fof       <•  .u 
ma„„fac.t.n-es  na.ed,  but  which  arettl!:;vheret bleated         '  '''"''  ''"'^^  '^^ 


Broom  factories 

Oaiining  ami  dryina:"frui"t,"etc; 

^al«.ery  and  confectionary  estabHshnVeirts" 

^oap  and  candle  factories        '""*'"'neuts. 

lot  and  pcarlash  factories    

SsSo^lS?^^^^*^^"^'^"^-^- 

J-'inie  kilns 

Oil  factories..     

film  smith  shops 

neS^  bai^ii^r^^^'"^^"'' -^« -H^  «p^-- 

Chemicals ..  

Wine..  

Malt '..''...'.'. 

Show  eases .      

Files. 


Copper  smelting: 
Fuse.  *' 


Wood  working  machines 
Saws 


Bending .] 

School-room  furniture' 

Distilleries 

Books  and  blank  books 
btone  ware 

Glue V.V..V. 

Gas,  steam  and  water  pipe 
Picture  frames  ^ 

Windmills 

Whip  sockets. .'.'. 

Varnish 

Building  mortar!! 

Zinc  collar  pads        

Wheelbarrows,  hand'sleYglis.'  etc! 
Wmdow  shades. 

Ink  and  bluing 

Rolling  copper 

Grind  stones  and  scythe"  stones 
Hoop  skirts  ... 

Piano  and  billiard  "table"  legs' " " 
Novelty  factory  " 

Burial  cases...  

Spring  beds 


Jobbing,  wood,  "and" "cro'n'uet" " 
lelegniph  pins  and  brackets" 
Peat  fuel 


Square  oak  timber 

Rope 

Gi ass  sand .!!!!!!!!!!! " 

Patent  spinning  wheels ' 

.mI!!!"!'.".,^'^^"'"'^'^  •I'll'  sewing  machi"no"crates 


Charcoal . 


$14,230 
43,000 
314,800 
78,000 
G,200 
54,300 
300.0(X) 
79,100 
2;!2,000 
107,400 
4,'JOO 
],9o0 
100.000 
53,000 
385.500 
47,500 
62,000 
29.800 
4,600 
1,000,000 
22,949 
41,000 
29,000 
43,000 
45,000 
81,000 
27,000     I 
28,000 
35,000 
127,000 
41,000 
17,500 
14,000 
102.000 
10^000 
30,000 
14,000 
3,000 
3,000 
138.025 
25,500 
25,000 
20,000 
4,000 
30,000 
17,000 
10,000 

(i,000 
50,000 
15,000 

5.000 
20,000 
10,000 
10,000 
10.000 


$80,550 
175,380 
859,760 
283,700 
18,010 
81,634 
132,000 
128,000 
207,925 
181,750 
11,680 
2,450 
290,000 
10,150 
241,000 
39,500 
90,000 
57,000 
10,000 
2,600,000 
18.120 
38,000 
30,000 
86,090 
60,000 
380,900 
42,700 
34,400 
70,000 
229,000 
91,000 
38,400 
32,500 
302,000 
10,000 
75,000 
25,000 
15,000 
20  000 
75,000 
35,000 
100,000 
40,000 
5,000 
50,000 
33,000 
35,000 
19,000 
20,000 
15,000 
10,000 
150,000 
40,0o0 
20,000 
25,000 


in 


Manufactures, 


ral  kinds  of 


VlllllB  of 

Product 


$80,550 
175,380 
859,760 
I       283,700 
18,010 
81,634 
132,000 
128,000 
207,925 
181,750 
11,680 
2,450 
290,000 
16,150 
241,000 
39,500 
90,000 
57,000 
10,000 
2,600,000 
18,120 
38,000 
30,000 
86,000 
60,000 
380,900 
42,700 
34,400 
70,000 
229,000 
91,000 
38,400 
32,500 
302,000 
10,000 
75,000 
25,000 
15,000 
20  000 
75,000 
35,000 
100,000 
40,000 
6,000 
50,000 
33,000 
35,000 
19,000 
20,000 
15,000 
10,000 
150,000 
40,(m} 
20,000 
25,000 


87 


AGGBEGATK3  OF  SUNDRY  MANUFACTUKES.-Continukd. 


Sail  maiuifactofy. . 

Knit  and  batting.... 

Telegraphic  ins^nirnVnts 

riper  boxes 

Brushes 

Umbrellas  andparasoLs 

Builders 

Billiard  tables'. ...".'. 

Safes 

Perfumery  and  extracts  '.'.'. 

Wldte  load  and  paints  

Patent  medicines  .  

Matclies " 

Pharmacy 

Frames 

Bridge  and  iron  works. 

•1  acking  liouses"  

Bolts  and  nuts 

Toy  limestone ..".". 

Smelting  silver  ore 

Stove,  wire,  til),  sheet  iron, "etc." 

oar  and  car  wheel  factories" 


Itailroad 


Axe  and  edge  tool  factories 
lanniji^  mill,  milk  safe,  and  w 
Pump  factories 


>1' 
Musical 


ishboard  factories. 


instrument  factories 

Ship  building  establishments      

Saddle,  liarness,  and  trunk  ''actories' 
■Boot  and  siioe  factories. 
Clothing  mamifacturino        


establishments 


Whole 
No. 


1 
1 

2 
1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3 

1 

1 

1 

29 
9 
4 

12 

23 
4 

12 

55 

69 

19 


Capital  InTeated. 


.     *  Wnvne  ooiinty  was  not   reported   nt  nil 
$1,jOO,000.      ThLs  .8  cx<Mu«ivo  of  a  lai-go  m.mber 


$3,000 
60,000 
3,500 
5,000 
7,000 
5,000 
130,000 
175,000 
75.000 
60,000 
75,000 
13,000 
200,000 
25;000 
200,000 
300,000 
150,000 
50,000 
50,000 
100,000 
385,950 
1,677,000 
.    44,000 
170,000 
168,200 
88,000 
532,000 
165,200 
471,400 
244,450 


Value  of 
I'loduct. 

$20,000 


6,000 
15,000 
25,000 
10,000 
415,000 
190,000 
200,000 
150,000 
175,000 
40,000 
550,000 
50,000 
160,000 
1,000,000 
825,000 
200,000 
3,500 
433,689 
567,760 
0,029,911 
85,500 
176,716 
218,850 
223,000 
1,204.000 
419,850 
1,748,550 
575,850 


under  this  head. 


'""'■'•'-  "';f  e5S;,sf  »iii'"  ~' 'S '- "s's,,;-  "»"■ 


Is  roaches 


GENEKAL  SUMMARY  FOR  THE   STATE. 
<l..aimc„.lo„,a,.h„„„  ij  m;„„  o  Ll,;™,  r-Hr  '""'"'  '■>  -l"-"">0"  and 


STATK 

AND 

COl'.NTIKS. 


State . . 
Alcona . 
Allegan 
Alpena . 
Antrim 
Barry 

Bay..;; 

Benzie.. 

Berrit  11 . 

Branch 

Calhoun 


I'owEii  Used. 


Stciun. 


4,292 

6 

116 

29 

9 

71 

107 

15 

VM 

102 

100 


2,471 

3 

53 

19 


Water. 


1,004 


52 


24 

36 

00 

(1 

1 

79 

40 

60 

20 

27 

44 

<'ai)itnl  Iiivpsted. 


§73,893,428 
87,000 
925,650 
540,500 
352,600 
294,530 

4,678,089 
349,700 

1.177,750 
502,650 

1,612,250 


Vuliio 

of 

I'roduct. 


«1 22,901 ,202 
159,600 

1.900,242 

1,381,500 
468,390 
764,920 

7,098,215 
269,100 

2,303,359 
851,277 

2,744,831 


88 


Statistics  of  Michigan. 


OENKRVI-  HUMM.VKY  FOR  THE  STATK.-Continuki). 


HTATK 

AM) 


Oass 

('Iiurlovoix  . . 
(■hohoyfraii .. 
Chi|)IM>vva  ... 

Clan. 

Clinton 

Dpltii 

Eiito'i 

(ioncsee  . .  . . 
Or.  Tniverse . 

Gratiot 

HUlsdalo 

iroiigiitoii 

Huron 

Ingham  

Ionia 

losoo 

Isabella 

•Tiiokson 

Kalamazoo  .. 

Kalkaska 

Kent 

Keweenaw . . . 

I/Uke 

I^apeer 

liOelanaw 

licnaweo  . .  . . 

Tavingston  ., 

Jlai'kinao..   . 

Macomb 

Manistee  ..  .. 

Manpiette  ... 

Mason 

Mecosta 

Menominee... 

Midland 

Missaukee 

Monroe 

Montcalm 

Muskegon 

Newavgo 

Oaklaiul 

Oceana  

Ontonagon  

Osceola 

Ottawa 

Presque  Isle  . . 

Saginaw  

Sanilac 

Schoolcraft . .  . 
Sliiawassce  ... 

St.  riair 

St.  Joseph 

Tuscola 

Van  Buren 

Washtenaw  ... 

Wayne. .  „ 

Wexford 


78 

14 
2 

n 

GO 

112 
2!» 

:<:) 

07 
10 
40 

8« 
85 
28 
10 
84 
01 


215 
8 
0 

104 

k; 

181 

4H 

2 

01 

37 

;}o 

12 

42 

0 

41 

1 

08 

120 

125 

40 

104 

44 

2 

2(i 

88 

4 

178 

35 

(■ 

58 

00 

82 

73 

110 

125 

318 

12 


I'OWKII    r«Kll. 


Stcnni. 


28 

2 

12 

2 

5 
3-1 

7 
5(1 
('.2 

0 
18 
57 
15 
42 
(i5 
43 
27 
11 
3(i 
28 

I 
00 

.3 

t 

74 

4 

IKi 

20 

1 
30 
32 
25 
11 
23 

0 
30 

1 

C4 

10(i 

78 

20 

p! 

2(): 

22 

as 

3'. 

14«l 
30  i 

2: 

24 
50 
23 
40 
Gl 
45 
101 
8 


'iVatcr. 


34 
1 

1 


0 

1 
33 
10 
10 

3 
23 

1 


11 

2(1 


8 
28 
2G 

1 
74 

1 

o 

22 
Tl 
35 
20 

1 
20 

3 

8 

1 
15 


10 
22 
17 
IG 
52 
18 


8 

4 

3 

21 

12 

30 

13 

35 

44 

14 

3 


N.it   id' 
IHiitcd, 


13 


1 

13 

0 


5 
32 


IG 
2 


8 
1 
2 

"io 
1 


13 


15 
1 


3 
0 

IG 
4 
4 
3 

40 


8 

18 

1 

12 

15 

1 

3 

3 

15 

1 


15 


3(i 
4 


IG 


28 
4 
7 


1 
10 
10 

4 
IG 
10 
33 
73 

1 


1, 


287 
41 
325 
80 
30 
323 
255 
402 
112 
212 
283 
088 
32G 
753 
80(( 
71 G 
714 
14G 
1.3G7 
7GG 
11 
4.230 
37 
70 
1 .007 
1,37 
1,730 
181 
45 
G55 
1,228 
1,4.38 
GIH 
444 
505 
423 


783 

1,514 

2,837 

553 

388 

401 

7 

280 

1,483 

57 

3.G75 

340 

313 

3G4 

1,452 

574 

305 

030 

G87 

10,724 

101 


<'»|>llal  IiiVKstrd. 


$277,500 
38,000 
255,C(H) 
20,(HM) 
24,0(M) 
315,7(M) 
425,(M)0 
574,3(M) 
1  ,(i3G,700 
158,000 
177,204 
787,320 
778,071 
410.100 
708,4(M) 
870.300 
74(i,(KM» 
115,700 
1.880.540 
853,050 
G.GOO 
4,5()1,800 
31.2(M> 
G7.8(K) 
7G3,7(K) 
172,400 
1,783.550 
204,300 
117,(M)0 
502,040 
2,810,500 
2.820.5(M) 
4G0,<HK) 
448,5tK» 
372.000 
280,100 
2,500 
821,000 
1,030,770 
5,;tG(i,3(M) 
332,800 
540.200 
482.802 
3,200 
105,300 
2,745.000 
35,300 
4,403,850 
108,(K)0 
352,(K)0 
404,500 
1.351,0!X) 
844,750 
290,500 
700,850 
l.OG  1.000 
1 5,228, 15(» 
07,400 


Viiliiii 

<it' 

l'riMlU(!t, 


«750,4GO 
40,400 
452,(MM) 
1,800 
73,500 
500,700 
38G,(K)0 
1,007.040 
2,304,880 
200,728 
438,250 
1,201,305 
529,770 
800,350 
1,011,943 
1,312,225 
1.238,500 
227,822 
3,084,848 
]  ,748,300 
12,2(K> 
7,140,310 
35,080 
31,900 
1,8G3,G00 
320,500 
3,472,101 
400,GG0 
40,000 
1,121,004 
2.010,700 
1,970,470 
801,410 
020,240 
040,200 
531,900 
1,350 
1,838,500 
2.383,880 
0,721, G7G 
571,450 
1.292,190 
74(i,775 
3,800 
270,000 
2,852,400 
(;9,700 
G,410,147 
318.242 
482,0(K) 
785,430 
1,840,218 
1,320,307 
(iG  1,275 
1.341,704 
2.470,795 
32,515,819 
191,340 


UArLIJOADS. 


S9 


Xril.    liAILUOAD.S. 

KATJLV  UAir.WAY  JOyTEUl-JMSES. 

by  tho  Hfate,  u„,|  (iris  „,t.s  -    no    it,?  "      '"   """■"'^"  '"'''"'*  '- l.-rhasoa 

-Hi  the  lna„,.„.atiou  of   tho      .t        ,   iurn^":  '"  , ""  •"^"*''  ""«  »"o  Union 

n.Hl   Pontiao   nUhoa,!   oon.puny,  .1.  H  n7  ./  '  v  "'"'^   "^  *""   ^^^'-'^ 

I'iin.ls  of  tho  Stato.      Tho  loa.    was  1  ,    /  i       ■  ^''''  '"'"'''  ""«  '"'ver  in  the 

-  .•ouhl  ....  oxpoeto.,,  in  ylJ^VZl^rV^'^y''''  "^  '••'^"""^'  P--'-p' 
capital  a,ul  ,,ractioal   skill  i„    railr,..,  2       T    l  " V^'  ""''  '""'""""  '•''^'k  "f 

■'  ISr.-.  It  ..,s  oo„M,li,Iatocl  with       r     fkVu.l        ,\r'"''"'  ''  ''^'"^'"^  •"  ^844. 

forn.ins;  ih.  lino  ..f  tho  prosont  Dot  1   "    l  '  " '^""'/^^^^vvard,   tho   consolidation 
"Istory  of  tho  st.to,  .nm.-ro  .  o    .         ,     '  vf  l'^''!"'';';'"^^  '"  ^he   oa.lior 

linos,  woro  ^ranto.l.      (V,nsido  ahl    oi,  o n   i  ?  "         '''"^'  '■'^"^^■"^■^'  ^^"'''"y  ""^^t 

""t  gcnorally  inyohin,.  only    C"'  o  V"'"  "I'T  ""  ''""'  "^  t^oso  lines, 

tI.o  Contral,  tho  Htato  also  nndor  o  ,^         '  '  f^"""     "  """"•      ^''  ""'"^J""  to 

'•00  wostwanl.      Tho  fonnor  l.u        on    :„  ^  ^T  to"  k"    ""'  " '"""'  ""'"'  *'^"- 

a  point  noar  A.lrlan,  at  the  tin.o  of  tloh     'ir  hv  n     ''f :'"':^''"'  '""'  ""^  letter  to 
oal    ahan.ionn.ont   of   tho  infrnal   i,     ,    v'mo  ?  ^'''  '"  ^^•*"'  '-^'"l '^s  practl- 

'-'-vn  atUM-  tho    sale  as  U.o   M  l^  •"     CZ     '^f  v"      ''"^    """"""'•''    '^'^^•"'"'^ 
fonns  a  part  of  the  trnnk  uJTuol^^^Z^^^^^  S'!."""'    '"^""'■■''  '"'"   ""^^ 
These  lines,  traversing  the  S(  >.,    r  '■""'  Michigan  Sonthern. 

t;.o  carlle..  ,la;s;    and  a^the't"  r^'u;;.;":  ^^S  TT   ^'^"""^  ^"""-^^  ^» 
n.o  nioans  of  water    transportation    -ivL  ^  ^^  '  *'f"  '"   '■"""«'''!'>»  ^vlth 

facilities  of  connnnnicatio,    .nnvMrl'M?  .t   .      .  V      "7^''«^''"'   l'0'-ti""«  of  IVIichig.n 
H.is   connection   n.ay  propo    y  n  nt  o  e'd     ,""'  '^.  ""^  ^^"■'^   "^^  "'«  ^-■'^'.  ^n 

'^''7;"--twardtolaL.ilieli;;n,  :        ;:,P7-;J  ^'^   ^  -'^   ^-n.   Port 

.^n.l.h.no.  and  grading  was  do,?o  o.  tins  tte  hn  t t  "l  '""'''  '"  ''"^  ^^-"^  ^^ 
^v'"<:''  i'^  was  prqiocte.l  having  suhsidod    m  '  M  '  •''I'"''"'"tive   in.pnlse  under 

'lio  work  was  ,Iro,,pe,|.  A  p^.rtion  f  H.'"  'l  .  "*^<^«'*'^'-"->-  "'^■'i"'^  being  wanting, 
Cbicagc  and  Lake'  Hnron  ra  wa^  h  h  i"th  h""'  '""  '"'"'"■^  '  ^'-'"'^  "^  ^iS 
between   Flint  and    Lansing,  wl  lib,  '  '""   ^'"'"l^^tion   of   the   section 

Port  ][„ron  by  way  of  f. a,?,;  lintr  .'mT'^T, ''""''  '^^''^bwostwardly  from 
opening  another  throngh  1  no  '  '     ""'"'^'  "'"^   «-'^"'«  ^^'^^^^  to  Chicng^,  thus 


KAPID  INCREASK  OF  KAIJ.WAYS. 


1)0 


Statistics  of  Michigan. 


m' 


PI!' 


additional  outlets  for  tho  mitiiri'.l  piodiiotloiiH  of  tlie  Slate,  especially  lumber,  tim- 
ber, salt,  and  plaster;  and  the  cnorls  of  the  trunk  lines,  which  were  competitors 
ill  the  extension  of  lateral  and  connootluo;  lines;  to  which  may  be  added  the  pro- 
vision of  the  constitution  adopted  in  IHoO,  forbidding'  special  «'harters,  and  subse- 
quent legislation  providing  for  tlic  formation  of  companies  by  general  law,  thus 
removing  everything  in  the  form  of  legal  monoply  in  railway  construction.  ' 

LOCAL  All)  TO  KAIL  WAYS. 

A  strong  feeling  in  favor  of  extending  local  aid  to  railway  enterprises  sprim^t 
up  prior  to  1S6!),  in  which  year  the  general  railroad  aid  law  was  passed,  (a  num- 
ber of  speelal  acts  for  the  same  purpose  having  been  previously  passed)  but  this 
policy  was  early  arrested  l)y  an  adverse  decision  of  llie  Supreme  Court.  The 
rapid  railway  construction  of  the  three  or  four  years  following,  demonstrated  the 
absence  of  any  necessity  for  relying  upon  municipal  aid,  while  rellection,  reinforced 
by  the  flnancial  depression  and  cc:nniorcial  disaster  of  llie  past  two  or  three  years, 
has  produced  a  general  conviction  of  the  imi)olicy  of  thus  pledging  local  credits.' 

COMMISSIONini  OF  UAILUOADS. 

In  the  winter  of  1873,  the  olllco  of  (Commissioner  of  Kailroads  was  estal)lishetl 
by  the  Legislature,  and  tlie  value  of  tliat  olllce  in  systematising  railway  manage- 
ment, as  an  agent  between  tlie  corporations  and  the  people,  and  in  the  coUectfon 
of  facts  and  statistics,  is  shown  by  tl^e  work  of  the  department. 

PIIOOKLSS   OF  KAILAVAY   RITILDING. 

Tlio  progress  of  railway  construction  in  Michigan  is  practically  shown  by  the 
following  ligures,  taken  mainly  from  statistics  published  in  1873.  The  figures  are 
approximations  only,  except  for  the  past  three  years,  which  are  ollicial"  through 
the  oltice  of  the  C'ommissioner  of  Kailroads,  and  are  designed  to  show  the  numb'er 
of  miles 


ini 
18G9, 


miles  111  operation  at  the  beginning  of  each  year  given,  namely:  1841,  138 
lies;  1850,  3-12;  18.15,  474;  18G0.  779;  1SG5,  1)41;  18G(),  1,039;  18G7,  1,1G3;  1808,  1,199; 
G9,  1,.3-J5;  1870,  1,G38;  1871,  2,11G;  1872,  2,214;  ^573,  2,975;  1874,  3,253;  1875,  3,315. 
A  natural  reaction  iii)on  ten  years  or  more  of  great  activity,  the  commercial 
and  financial  characteristics  of  the  time,  and  a  feeling  of  insecurity  arising  from 
organized  ellbrts  throughout  the  country  that  were  looked  upon  "as  iniiuTcal  to 
railway  interests,  have  combined  to  check  construction,  showing  the  marked  con- 
trast between  a  total  of  nearly  nine  hundred  miles  built  in  tiie  State  in  1872, 
and  sixtj--one  miles  in  1874. 

KAII.WAY   MII.K.V(iK    AND   CONSTIilCriOX. 

Tlie  ('ommissiouer  of  l{ailroads.  in  bis  report  for  1874,  gives  the  miles  of 
road  owned  by  the  thirty-four  corporations  doing  business  and  reportin;'-  to  Ids 
depardnent,  at  5,278.30,  of  whicli  3,314.98  miles  lie  witliin  this  State,  "of  the 
abov(>  tlicre  are  4,484.71  miles  of  main  line,  and  831.55  of  branches.  There  are 
304.5.j^  miles  of  double  track,  and  898.80  miles  of  sidings,  exclusive  of  the  Chicago 
and  Xorthwestern.  which  does  not  report  this  item.  Only  one  road,  the  i^Iinenil 
l?ange.  12).,'  miles  in  length,  is  of  the  narrow,  or  three  feet  gauge.  The  net 
increase  of  mileage  for  the  year  1874  was  Gl.GO. 

The  average  number  of  miles  of  railroad  constructed  per  year  in  this  State  for 
the  last  thirty-four  yeas,  from  1841  (o  1875,  is  97i^;  but  if 'the  average  be  taken 
for  the  ten  years  from  18G5  to  1875,  the  period  which  marked  tlie  greatest  activity 


I    I 


Railroads.  g-t 

COMlMllA-rn  B  MlLEAliE  IN  MICiri.lAN  M,  OIllKI.  9TATF« 

WO™,;  Mmi'n:;;::":::,:.'':.:,.::'!™';"  r  *"■'".»■■•  ""^' "» -^^o- -i...-, ..,..,. 

''><«"<■ o,  „f  ,„r,r,:,,:  ;     :,  „;:?"i".'.': ;;'  •"«  «'»"■■  "'""•"•-^  ■'.« 

!)07,701, 
every  427 
every 
020  inlia 
proporl 

«""•» •  '"Hur,;r;;,r;;f';:;;,vro;:;'r/rL:;;;:!:;,™r'°  ■"  "»"""■"- 

coaT,is„Eim:i.»K»»  a.vd  .:„ir„.,,EXT  i.i.-  „a.i,i.oa.,s 

Paid  ill  ciipitui  si.hU 

AvoniKo  per  mil,,   imicl  1» ^Oa,^:^!),!)] 7  80 

FiiiKled  debt                           20,020  70 

Debt  per  in i  1(>  of  r,iiid 05,074,237  07 

An:gi-eg,deofpai,n„,f„,k-:Muldebt;: irO'Mi'lr!  oH 

,,     ,  per  mile  of  road 100,214,154  03 

<o«t  per  mile  of  roads  aud  e,iuipments:;:;: ^  JJ 

"       "        "     "    eq.upn.eS""'*'  "' '''l'''^''''^"*«-  ^^^  ^  ' 

0,708  00 

ito.;r.s;r;:\S"i:  :;u;;::.ri;::;"-'7  -  --  ""-^  -^^  ^'^^  -« ^«- 

come  somewhat  short  of  i     ?o    t.e    ^1    „7;;.;'    //"'   ""   '"""-li'^toly  preceding, 
■different  bases.  '  *''''""  "'"^  <'"'  'O'opntations  are  made  from 

and  other  cars.      There  •iVe    •>-.  u       "^""^  <-'^iS  '>^9«  platform  cars,  and  8,470  ore 
are  482  passenger  cu^n.r,  i'"''!'""'  ''^"'^^P'^'^  ^^'"^  ".e  airbrake.      There 

their  genend  b^i  ;       '     .   ' S'lst^^r"''  ^"";'".  *"^  •^^'"'^«"  ^"^'"^  ^^''^ 
|Ji-i"„  iiont  mostly  by  means  of  mixed  trains. 

NUMI.KU  OV  .STATIOXS   AM,  TKHSONS   KMI-LOYED. 

The  total  number  of  static 


STATE  LAX1>  GKAXTS  FOK  RAIT.KOAD  PURPOSES 

of  Chic,,,,,  „„„  „„.  ,„„,„  of  w,.<„,„,.„;:-"'T:i'°;;;,i,^;,7„;::"".;;";';r:::::' "  "^«"> 


pa»o„  „„  „o,  »p„„p,,,H„»  „„,  ,„  „,,,.„  ,„„  ,„„„„^  „^  ^„,^^  ^^^._^^^___  ^^^^^^  ^. 


IS?  !^' '"i™»r-"™  ^  a  .a".^  n.;;,;  „:,;,;r,: 


peninsulas  is  prac- 
1  is  l)y  way 
on  of  1873, 


islatnre  of  IS 


i-t  mere. 


>ed  (he  appropriation  t 


Marquette,  ar.d  the  Li 


o  sixteen  sections  per  mile,  the  road 


92 


Statistics  of  Michigan. 


to  bo  complntet'.  at  farthest  before  tbo  thirty-flr.t  of  Dc.cnbor,  1878.  A  grant  of 
flvo  sect  ons  por  .nil.  of  sw.unp  lands  was  u.a.lo  at  tho  samo  sosslon  to  aid  the 
construction  of  a  railroad  fron,  I/Anse  to  Houghton,  au.l  a  furtner  grant  of  seven 
sections  per   n.ilo  f..r  a  road  frou,    Kscanaba,  westerly  au.l   northwesterly  through 

niet  onTf  "m  ''"'^'V  ?,"«"•      ^"  ''"A"'*'^  «teps  have  yet   been  taken  for   the  con- 
structlon  of  either  of  these  roads. 


i 

'ill 


lUII.WAY  ROUTES. 

The  map  lu-conipanying  this  work,  prepared  by  the  Commissioner  of  Railroads 
shows   very  clearly   the    railway  routes   In   the   State.      The   following   schedule; 
liowever   showing  the  length,  termini,  and  intermc.liate  points  of  the  various  rail- 
ways, win   be    found  convenient.      It   was   prepared   under   the    direction   of  the 
Commissioner: 

CHICAGO  ANO  .ANAOA  SOlnUKUN',  AM,  TOr.KlK),  CANADA  SO.  rUKUN  ANO  ..KTHOIT  KAILWAYS. 

to  Favou  '  ,"",P'«"-'7!  ''f  t"°  ^'-"""v  •southern,  wcstwanl  fro.n  Tron.on.  on  to  Dot  1  rh^ 
S"ar^.:a.^SXn,.^tr'"""  "  "■""""  ^^''"  ""^  '■"""""  ^-"-"'  --'  «"•'  "'"^"^ 

CniCAOO  AND  LAKE  HIKON  HAIMIOAD. 

Sh     fni    OS  a  n  i     Vi  *'"\y''>'"'  «'"'"•      The  lenRth  of  roa,l  oon.pletcl  i8  232  miles,  of 

(  IIICAGO  AND  JIirniOAN  LAKE  SHORE. 

Uuus  from  Now  Buffalo,  by  way  of  St.  Joseph,  to  Pentwater,  with  branches  from  Ilollan,!  to 
Grand  Rapids,  and  fron.  Mnskegon  to  I,i«  Kapids,  giving  a  total  length  of  road  of  alc  maes 

CHICAGO  AND   NOKTHWESTEUX. 

This  is  an  Upper  Peninsula  road  in  its  Michigan  section,  run.iing  fron.  Menominee  to  Lake 
»aTol"H  '"'"?  I'  '""^''  ''""  "'""'-■■•""«  l"-anchos  iea.ling  to  several  different  iron  mines.  It 
Negaunee™' ■"'  T  '  "'"  """"■'■'  """  '""  '"'■"'""'"•  "'"'«''"'"  "*-'  Ontonagrroad  at 

CHICAGO,  DETRO.T  AND  CANADA  GKAND  Till  NK  .JlNCrlON. 

a„.rn'""Ar\^'"''"''',.*^'"'?'""'*'°"  '"''"''"■'  the  Grand  Trunk  Uailway  of  Cana.ln,  at  Port  Hnron 
.and  tho  M.ch.gan  'entral  near  Detroit,  a  distance  of  an  riles.  It  connects  wi  h  the  MicZ  .' 
Midland  and  Canada,  and  the  St.  Clair  and  Chicago  Air  Line  at  Kidgeway.  M.cniba, 

DETROIT  AND  BAY  CITY. 

Tako'"«/''""M  """"tJ'   '"  ""•''  *'"•'''  "  '"''""''•'  "*■  ^"^  '"'"'*''  "■'"'  -^  '•••«"'■'•   Iro'"   T-apeer  to  Fish 

«nc.''  r.     7  fT"'''  """'  '^  "™'"'"  "'  ""^  ^^""*  «"^'  !'"■«  Ma.-.iuette  at  Otter  lake 

Rochester,  Lapeo.-,  and  Vassar  aro  important  towns  on  thit  line. 

DETROIT,  IIII.ISDAI.E  AND  SOUTHWESTERN. 

Runs  from  Ypsila..ti,  where  it  connects  with  tho  Michigan  (Jent.-al;  through  Ma.ichestor 
where  .t  crosses  the  Jackson  branch  of  the  Lake  Shore  and  Michigan  .Southern;  and  thro,  gh  uVll  ! 
dale  crossing  the  Lake  Shore  and  Michigan  Southern  (n.ain  Ih.e)  to  Bancker's,  connecti.fg  thei^ 
with  the  Fort  Wayne,  Jackson  and  Saginaw  r„ad.      Length,  65  miles. 

DETROIT  AND  MILWAUKEE. 

ExtemLs  from  Detroit  to  (i.-and  Haven,  a  distance  of  18i)  miles,  connecting  by  stean.boats  with 

s  'ilnaw  "  oJoV'T'n  f":  '^  *^'""  """  '''""  '''''^'"''"'  ''  "°">'  »'«  ^-•^-"-  I-"Bine  am 
Sagma«  at  Owosso.  the  Detroit,  T..a»s,n.:r  .v„.l  Lake  Michigan  .nt  Ionia,  the  Uraud  Rapidn,  Xowaygcv 


Kailuoads. 


98 

"r«  M  statioMH.  tl ,oHt  l,„,M.rt«„t        w  ,  H,    h.        im      V"'? '"""■'^"-      ""  '""  "'"'  "f   t»>i^  ro« 

jj^^^^     .  KKTHOIT,  I,ANMN(.   A.M.  I.AKK   MIC.IKiAN. 

.""cni'th'!"  l.m.?H?rrl!'iZr',o'S,!to„'|!f  2r:!  """!"" """  '"'""""  """•""".  "  '"'•tanoe  of  ^60 

"f  tho   Mike  Hhoro  an.l  M,,,.,^,.,    Mo  u7r       t  nn  ?     ""'     '"'"»'"""'  I-'ko  Huron,  an.l  a  brnnoh 
Howell  and  Oroenvllle  «.•„  ln.J<.Han'       v      \  /t Z  n!:;.""''  ""  """■""  """  *^""'""'«'  «t  iZil. 


.,  """^   ^'^^■^'•-.  -'ACKSON  AND  SAOINAW. 

"...1  tlu.  .Ja,.kH.,„  bnnuh  of  the  Lake  si  or         ,'  m?  ■"'  '  ?""-^''  "''"■'^"""'  ''-■•"«!"«'».,.  SaRinav 

t-  ..uu...ore  a.,  Ohio  at ro,  ...a..;,  a:.^^:^'^:;!'^:::.^'^:!;^ ^^Ct^';;^:;^ ' 

(iHANIJ   llAriDH  AND   INDIANA. 

^'urg,.,    l-lainwell,    Kalamazoo,   a.ut   (Jrn  .tU.il  .V      '■"''''  ^''""" 

l)ranches)  at  Memlo"    ■■■■. "'"•   '■i.ni.l    l{a,,„lN,    ^^ilh    the 


and  SlichiKiiii  Southern  at 
MUhiKan   IVntral   (main   line  ami 


ran   he«)  at  Me„a,,n,  Iu.lanm/.o,..  and  (iran  1  ,„    ,,  '   ,.  ""-'""   ''"""•"'   ('"'""    ">'«   «"^1 

tho  Ora„,l  Hapi,I.,Xc.«a.vKoan,l  Lake  Slu  re  at  Tu  V<  e  eU     .""t'""""  ^'"'"^  "'"•""  "'  Vi..k«burg. 

City,  tho  Man8,lel,l,  C'ol.lwater  an,l  Lake  M   .hiln  ,     A,  •.  ""  "'""  """  ^'^"'•^  '^""'luetle  at  Heo. 

ItapULs,  the  Detroit,  Lan.^ing  an.l    Lake  M  •    ifn    "t  ,,'""""■/.■'•'  '"-"■•"''  »""  ^Hlwaukee  .U  .  Irand 

-nKe  .^hore  at  (.'ran,!  I{a,,i.|..  an.l  llig  .(a„i.l         Til-e  'M-e'H-    .V  """  '""  ''""■"«"  """  M''^"'««» 

I'"..       iiiete  aie  Ho  stations  on  this  line. 


""AND    «A1.,DS,   NKWAV.iO  AND  I.AKK  M,„„K. 


HunH  Ironi  (irand   Kapiils  to  MorL'an    ui,„..,.  ■.^ 
ChieaKo  au.l    Miehigan   Lake   Slmre.      Th V  H   o  iV4r,ni;e:;"'''    'I"  ^"«  """'"-^   '"•«■'<•"   of   tho 
Newaygo.  •  '«  *^  ""'I's  I-'tr.      It.s  most  important  station  is 


r.AKK  .SIK.UE  AND  MICHIGAN  .SO 


IIKUN. 


to  JaekHon.  41  nules;  the  Northern  Cuj;h£i:  """'  ''V''"'''  """''''^  fon.  Adrian 
ma.ooan.l  White  IMgeon,  and  Kalan.u.oo.  Vll  4?, '^  !  ",  f ":""'.'""  *"  '^"■"'"*^'  """  »"«  ^ala- 
f.-on,  While  Pigeon  to  (irand  Hapi.is.  (  n  a  1  ",1  i,..:  "  "".'?'  "'"'•"  ""f'^'""  "'ake  a  line 
there  are  82  Htations.  '  ""^  '"'^'^  operated   by  tlrs  eonipany  in  this  State, 


T„i.  ■      ,   .  MAKQl  KTTK,  Il.,l(i„TON  AND  ONTONA.iOV 

u  has  se:r;;;Ss  ^.J^r^jriX'nr  ^^r  '■ ^  ""■•""^"•'  -  — >  -  --. 

western  at  Negaunee.      There  are  18  stations  on  thls"li„e.   '"""'        "*'"'  "''  ^"'■''■'"'°  """  ^^'"•">- 


Ran 


MICHIGAN  CKNTltAI. 

<Ve.k,  K«!..u„..„„    n,,,,t,      '"'""•'-   ^l'«"a»t>.  Ann   Arbor.  .L.^ok-.o,,.  Albioii, 

lh.»  company  operate   un.ler  lease,  the  Grand 


Marshall.  TlaUle     .:.:.,^    ,-,,:  ""/'"•'  ""' 

,  ■ii.tn,   \  ,..h,  iVtU.'Uiiazut),  anil   Nilcs. 


94 


STATISTIta   OF  MiCIlIOAN. 


KlvPi-  Vullcy,  fnim  .raokmm  to  Uriuid  Uiipll-,  HI  miIIom,  the  .lilt-kHon.  I.«iihIiix  uud  Siinlnaw,  fiom 
.fnckHoii  to  (iiivli.nl,  AWi  mili-s,  tli..  Kiiliiiiiii/.no  A  Suutii  iruvfii,  liiiiii  Kalmiiii/.ixi  to  Sonlh  lliivcn, 
!«»  iiillcH,  mill    the  MIchlKHM  Air    l.liii',  IVom  .link    .11  to  Soutli   H.'iul,   Ml  iiilli-n.      On  it||    thti   Uiich 

opcnit.M    by   IIiIh  ( ipimy   111,  ic   iiic   11.^  nIiiIIoiis,      of  tlioMc,  tli«   moMt   iiioinini'iit  011  llio  (iiuiiil 

KlvcM'  Valley,  arc  lOatoii  KiiplilH,  riiailollc,  jiml  II.ihiIuk.^;  on  i|„.  .larkMi.ii,  l.aiiNhiK  *  SaKiimw, 
UuiHliiK,  (MvosMo,  the  SaKliiawH,  and  Hay  Cll.v  .  011  the  MIclilvtan  Air  Mm-,  iromor,  'JVkoiiHlia.  Ccii. 
liTvlllc,  Tliruu  KlvcrH,  (!aH.so|Hill!*,  uiul  NIU-h. 

MII'IflliAN   I.AKi:  NlloKl:. 

Huns  from  All(%m  to  Mnik(»»oii,  a's,  mllnH.uml  i'oiiiutIh  wlHi  the  ClilcaKi*  uii-l  Mli'lii«an  Ijiko 
Hhoro  at  llollainl,  and  llui  Didroll  and  Mlhvaiikoe  al  Oraiul   Haven. 

OTIIKU  IIAII.UAY   I,IN1;h. 

The  MichlKan,  Mldlaml  and  ('jinadn  rniiH  from  St.  Clair,  on  the  St.  Cliilr  river,  to  KldRoway,  1ft 
mlloH,  whPro  it  eoimeclH  with  the  (iraud  Trunk,  and  the  St.  flair  and  Chicago  Air  I.ine. 

The  St.  Clair  and  Chiea^o  Air  Line  riinM  from  Iti  ijreway,  on  the  (irand  Trunk,  and  a  terminua 
of  the  MicdiiiraM,  Miilland  and  CanHdi.  to  Itonieo,  'H)  niilen. 

The  Traverse  City  railroad  1h  u  line  »!  miles  in  lenKlli,  from  Traver.se  City,  at  the  head  of 
Ciruud  Traverse  hay,  to  Walton  .lunrlion,  on  the  (Jrand  Rapids  ami  Indiana  road. 

The  ManMllold,  Coldwaterand  Lake  .Mieh.j.  .a  road  has  eleven  and  a  half  ndies  eompletod,  from 
Allegan  to  Ktontelth. 

The  I'aw  I'aw  road  runs  from  l.uwton,  on  the  .Michigan  Central,  to  I'aw  l>a\v,  tln^  eonnty 
8cat  of  Van  IJiiren  couiity,  four  ndles. 

The  .SaKinaw  Valley  Und  St.  I.onis  runs  from  SaKinaw  to  St.  Louis,  in  (;rati()t  eonnty,  . 'it  miles. 

The  Il(^rla  and  Tondi  Lake,  an  ore  transfer  4's,  ndlcs  In  lenKth.  frcm  the  Calnmet  an<l  Heela 
mines,  in  HouKhlon  eonnty,  to  the  sla»>p  mills  on  Toreh  lake. 

The  SInieral  RanKo  is  u  narrow  gaufro  roatl^  running  from  Uin(  'k,  In  lIonKhton  eonnlv,  to 
Calumet,  li\  miles. 


XIV.    TRANSPORTATION. 


Appropriately  following  the  railway  statistics,  is  the  subject  of  transportation. 
The  shore-line  of  the  State  is  elsewhere  given  at  ],(i20  miles,  and  reference  is 
made  to  the  niinieroiis  bays  and  rivers  available  for  purpo.ses  of  navigation  and 
tloatage.  In  tl:  ■  .'arlu'r  days  of  the  State,  the  St.  Joseph,  Kalamazoo,  and  Grand 
rivers  formed  the  outlet  nnd  inlet  for  the  shipment  of  produce  and  the  receipt  of 
merchandise,  frj  Uic  lUltMated  se"(;:,4s  in  the  western  and  southwestern  ptirts  of 
the  State.  Later,  the  liiniber  regions  have  found,  and  still  find,  outlets  through 
the  Saginaw,  the  An  Sauble,  the  Muskegon,  the  Manistee,  and  other  rivers.  These 
are  idl  in  the  Lower  Peninsnla.  The  Upper  Peninstda  is  not  le.ss  favored  with 
the  means  of  water  transportation  for  its  distinctive  prodiu 

KAILAVA Y   TRANSPORTATION. 

For  rtipid,  cheap,  and  abnndant  transportation,  the  railways  are  indispensable, 
not  only  as  competing  with  theinselve.«.  but  with  Mater  carriiige. 


TkAN8I'ORTAT/()X. 


05 


K.VrKS  ON   MICHiciAN   IIAM.HOADX. 
TIM'  .•..||.nvln«  ,aU,..  tak,...   fVon,  ,I„,   .-oport  of  llu- ronMniv.lo,.,.,.  of  Hailroa.ls 


IIAri-HOADS. 


i'Mcsifro  &  Caiiaila  SouthiTii 
<"hicaK(>it  Lako  liiiroii 
(ihlcajro  it  Mifli.  I,ak(!  Shore 
('liica^o  &  Xorlhwcsterii 
Detroit  &  Uuv  City 
Detroit  A  Milwaukee 
•^'•/'•"'t. '"inslnw  &  I,ake  aSlieii". 
Flint  &  re>'e  Maniiiette. . 
Ft.  Wayne,  JackKoii  &  Saj'lnuw 
(iraml  JJapids  &  Indiana 


(J.  Jtaj).,  Nowayiro,  &  L,  Sliore 
r,ak<'  Sliore  it  Jlieli.  Houtliern 
Man|..  Ilon-rliton  &  Ontona^'on 
Miclil;;an  Central... 

<inin(l  JMver  V^alley 

.laekson,  I-ansii.;r,  it  Sajfinaw! 

Kalamazoo  it  South  Haven 

Miehi-Can  Air  IJne 
St.  (-'lair  it  (,'hiea«;()  .\ir  I-itie 
Toledo,  Can.  Sonth'n  it  Detroit 


COMPA14AT1VK   KUKKMIT  HATKS. 

fJuru!'^''^  '""'^■'*'?.  """''   ''•'  ^''•'  '•«""">««Io...'>-  show«  that  the   earrying  rates  for 
f^iffht^on  ,«on,o  ot  onr  lea.lin,.  railroads  is  below  the  rate  on  the  E  le  ^-ana  e 

ays:  Mhon  we  eon.suler  that  the  ,.lass  of  freight  n.nally  transported  by  canal  is 
that  which  is  «lways  carried  at  the  lowest  rate,  while  the  1  ns  ^e  s  L  Tl  is 
JCone.al,  .nclndinj,  all  classes  of  freij^ht.  it  will  l:e  ..een  that  the  rates  by  rll  In 
the  san.r  ,•  ass  of  business,  have  been  really  less  than  bv  canal.  ^         '  ^ 

for  ]87->   l!ivl?H  *"  '^'  ^'""^  I>''P"'-tn,.nt  for  the  State  of  New  York,  in  his  report 
to     ]872,  siNes  the  avera-o  ...tes   per  ton  p.-r  n.iie   for  freight  on   the  Erie  cana 
or  tae  seventeen   years  Iron.   IS.'i.i  to  187-2.  inclnsive.  fron.  nhich   it  is   f;  nd  tha 
he  average   rate   received   by  the  carrier,  indndin,.    the  State  tolls,  dn  in"    those 
as,  was  n.ne  and  fourteen  hundredths  nnlis  per  ton  p..r  n.iie;  and  I ,  t  ^.e  year 

h.ee  i.iiiioad  in  18(4  lor  their  throii<rh   business 

Eor  theii- entire  business,  of  which  their  local  traffic  constitutes  nea  V  ,dne- 
teu  hs,  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  .cceived  but  eleven  and  eight  te  ths 
...ill.  pe.-  ton  per.n.ile.  as  against  nine  and  fourteen  lun.dredths  .nil,; 7if  average 

iSTrnVT"'^"/"''?  "'"  ^'••''»«P«'-t''tion  by  tlie  Erie  eanal  for  the  years  1871  and 
872,  as  shown  by  the  .eport  of  the  (.'anal  Auditor  of  New  York,  for  the  year  list 

named,  was  ten  and  two-tenth.  ,nil!«  per  ton  per  n.iie,  whid.  Is  i.  same  rate 
ece.ve.l  by  the  Lake   Shore  and  Michigan  Southern  during   the  first  hal^of     8  ' 

.or  us  entire  freight  business  done  o.i  both  main  line  and  branches 


ill 


I 


1)6 


Statistics  of  Michigan. 


The 


trul. 


iiime  ratio   of  reduction  may  be  noted  in  tlio  rat 


indeed,  of  all  the  road«  iu'the  St.ite ''  "'  *"'   ^^'''"^""  '^'^'^- 

la  the  Commissioner-,,  report  for  LS73,  page  11,  the  followinj^  occurs: 
llie  last  annual  report  of  tJie  Lake  SJ-.ore  &  Michigan  Southern  Kaihyvv  T'om 
pany  to  :ts  stockholders,  contains  these  Mcrds:    '-It  is^i  fact  wo  tly  o     Z  ^t" t" 
rates  have   of  late   years,  tended  downwar.l  .s.>  steadily  and  so   rapidly  that  «L 
average  rate  per  tou  per  mile  in  1872  is  but  little  more  than  half  the  mte  oflSCS  " 
-sau   ra  es    be.ng  1.37  cents   and  2.43   cents  respectivelv.      The   annual   report  of 
the  M.ch.gan  Central  Company  conunent.  upon  the  san-.e  tact,  and  in    efern.g  to 
.1   table   showing    the   earnings    per   ton  per  mile  since   18G4    says:    "It  will  bo 
0  iced  how  gradually  but  certainly  rates  have  been  sinking  tVomVoo  per    on  pe 
mile     u  ISGo    to  I.o6  in  1872,  with  slight   iucre..e-(l-IOOth  of  a  cent  -in  1873  ■ 
Ihe  i^tvorable  comparison  which  the  r.tes  of  our  own  roads  bear  to  those  of  lead- 
ng  and  represeutat  ve  roads  elsewhere  in  the  country  is  shown  bv  cents  an  1  frac- 
tions of  a  ,.ent  in  the  following  comparative  statement:  " 

Average  rates  rereire.I  per  ton  per  mile  for  1872. 


UAii,  ijoA  D.- 


Michigan Central. 


lilX-ll. 


Tliriiiigli. 


Lake  Shore  &  MicIiiga.rSoutironi  "(Eastward  bounil)" 
I.ak-e  Shore  \  Michigan  Southern  (Wcstjward  bound) 
Jackson,  Landing  &  Saginaw  ^ 


Urand  Kiver  Vallej . 

Michigan  Air  Line' 

Kalamazoo  &  South  Haven 
Detroit  &  Milwaukee. 

Boston  it  Lowell 

Boston  &  Providence 

Boston  it  Albany 

New  York  Central  &  Hudson"  Kiver' 
New  York  &  Harlem... 
liensselaer  &  Saratoga 


2.7G 
2.04 
2.01 


Chicago,  Burlington  &  Qui'iiey!  V. 

Chicago  it  Northwestern. . 
Average  of  all  railroads  reporting  to  ti.e  "lioii 
K.  J{.  (ommissioners  of  tlie  State  of  Connecti 


arrl  of 
icuc 


3.40 
3.0!) 
4.80  I 
2.87 


I.IO 
1.13 
1.44 


Avenigc 

iif  liociil  ami 

Throiigli. 


1.57 

1.37 


3.18 


1.10 
2.7(; 
3.()(i 

Lr)4 


3.02 

2.82 
3.38 
3.38 


1.42 


2.02 
1.50 
0.14 
3.27 

2.35 

4.50 


TK.VNSPOiri\*  TION  JX  THE  UPPER  PENINSULA. 

tie.  fo  the  cheap  transportation  of  products  to  all  the  harbors  of  the  five  .n'cat 
lakes,  thus  making  the  expense  of  oelivering  the  products  of  the  mines  to"  the 
eastern  cities  by  rail  from  the  ports  of  lake  Erie,  very  low.  Be-n  1  linos  of 
steamers  of  the  largest  class  employed  on  the  lakes  run  from  the^po'ts  of  the 
mnera    d.s  nets   to  Chicago,   Detroit,   Cleveland,   Erie   and  Buffalo, 'makirn' 

Ohio  .  '■V\"  '""i  *'•'"'  •"^"-      '"  ''"  ^"""   '"■■^""•''-  ^'-  -'''«  ^-'"  tl.c  lieTds  of 
mines.         '  """^^'^^"'"'"^  "™  '"^^'^''-'^'^^   '^^  a  small   cost  within  a  few  miles   of  the 

The  Chicago  and  Northwestern  railroa.l,  Ica.ling  from  Chicago  an<l  Milwaukee 
and  connecting  with  all  points  south  and  west,  has  170  miles  otMts  line  ii  M  li l' 
gan    t^^om   Menominee,  on   the  west  side  of  (ireen  Jlay,   to   lake  Angcllne   mine. 

Marnuet  e   ;r    T     '""  'V""'  '""'"'"*   """   •"'"''■^'  '""^  eonnectin..   with   the 
Marquette,  Houghton,  and  Ontonagon   railroad,  at   Negannec.      The  present  route 


Education. 


97 

J^ake  railroad  Is  an  ore  tr-m^f.  r   , n ..f  f    "  "^'''-      ^'"^  "«^'I'i  '"^^  Torcl. 

J^ake.      The  Mineral  Eangrriulway  f  i  "    ""'    ''  "''  ''""^  """-^  «"  '^'«'--"' 

-'-..,  -  m-cent,  ^o.„  nan::;ri.;^;;;^z;:s;;;:^;^^sf^:"-  ^"  ^^-^^h. 

WATER  TRANSPORTATIOX. 

LAKK  AND  OCEAX  NAVIGATION 

.ir:.ss'\^rdten^S':;r^.r'^^^  :"":^^'-"«^  -^'^'^^-^  «^— , 

portation  therefore  will  be    ne  sured  oilvbvnr^'    '"',"•      '""  '"''"''"■^  ^»'-  ^'-a- 
navigatiou  have  for  some  year   been    rS.^fvi  1?"  '"'  ''■      '"^'^^  '-^"^  «<^«<^» 

tra.ie  Mlth  Europe  fron,  all  tl  e  l^t  ,i /riake  LT'  '!^  ""''  '''  "  ^^«"^iderable  direct 
the  river  St.  Lawrence.  ^    "^'  P'^'*''  ""'""S'^  "'«  ^^'elland  canal  a.id 

SAUJ/r   STK   JIAKIK   SIIU'  CANAL 

This  is  overcome  by  the  St  Marv's  F-i^k  1  r  V  "■^''  *"'  ""^  '""'''••  «t.  Marv. 
Of  a  ,.rant  of  land  from  the  o-e  Si  <^ov  -m^nt  i'f '  '"  r""'  ^^^^-'cted  by  mea.'.s 
••"Hi  by  recent  in.provementl  n'a  e  canar  of  n  "'  ""  ''''''^'  ^'  ^he  State, 

"avigating  tr.  lakes.  ^'^^'*^  °^  ^""'"'"  ^'^'^'^^'l'^  of  the  largest  elasJ 


STATISTICS  OI.'  LAKK   MAIMXK. 

Further  statistics  of  the  lake   marine  i.,fl  i..L-n 
n.e  miscellaneous  head  at  th.  e.ul  oi  thiVwork'^     ^•onnnerce  will   be  found  under 


XV.    EDUCATIOJ^. 

EARLY  GOVERXMEXTAL  PROVISIOX  FOR  EDUC  VTIOX 

nJM;:^'£;:;e;x.sr  i^i^r^^xiT ""'"  "■  ^^^  ^--  ---- 

life  of  (he  State.  ^   ""^  Miclugan,  ante.lates   the   political 

•  ..xcoi;haokmknt  o.  koccation  hv  t„k  kkokhal  oovkhnmknt. 

J^^Z^Z^ou"!;/^   '''    ^"^^^""^"*    "^  ^'^    northwestern    territory 

T..eactof\i4,,;":^  ,rl"l";r^r,"'r'""'^'^^^^  ^^^^  '^''  oncouraS; 
-hich  the  presJnl  State  ^Mi^^^^f;.;;";';:;;/'-  ^'-»  I-Kliana  territo,;,  of 
section  sixteen  in  every  towrshin    ''fo-      1         ^    .'  '''''^  reserved  from  sale 

o-«..ni.ing  the  territory  o^  SL: '"  r  ^S"-;  „!i  tl"" ^••'  ''"^  T^  "' ^*^«^' 
to.al  authority,  as  early  as  1.,  ...,,,  ^^  l'^:^.^^^::^  ^t^ ii; 


08 


Statistics  of  Mich r; an. 


mrordaiioo  witli  f  licir  intent.  la  1828,  ('on^jrpss  placed  tlie  scliool  lands  under  tlio 
supervision  of  tlie  (Jttvernor  and  Couneil,  to  proteet  and  lease,  .so  as  to  niakci  Iheiu 
jn'odueMve.  T]i<>  act  of  Con-jress  of  2;i(l  .Inne,  IS;{(!,  uiakin"'  certain  i»ropositions 
to  ]\Iiclii<i:an  as  conditions  of  lier  udnilssion  into  tiie  Inion,  declared:  "'That  sec- 
tion numbered  .sixteen  in  every  township  of  the  public  lands,  and  where  .such 
.seeti<ni  lias  1)een  s(dd  or  otherwise  disposed  of.  oilier  lauds  e((nivaleiit  thereto,  and 
as  conlii;,Mions  as  may  )»e,  sliall  be  ;''rant<'d  to  tlie  Slate;  for  the  use  of  .schools." 

VHOVISION.S   <)|.'    JIIK    srATIO   CONS TITU TIOV. 

The  Constitution  of  the  State  declares:  -  I'he  jiroceeds  from  liie  sales  of  all 
lands  that  have  been  or  hereafter  may  be  <!;ranted  by  the  riiitcd  St.ates  to  the 
State,  for  educational  imrposes,  ami  the  jnoceeds  of  all  lands  or  other  jiroperty 
given  by  individuals,  or  appropriated  by  the  State  for  like  pmposes.  shall  bo  nm; 
remain  a  perpetual  fund,  the  interest  and  ineonie  of  which,  together  witli  the 
rent.s  of  all  such  lands  as  may  remain  uiiscdd,  shall  be  inviolably  appropriated  and 
annually  aiiplied  to  the  specitie  objects  of  the  original  gift,  grant,  or  appropri- 
ation.*' So  far  then  as  regards  the  fund  arising  from  these  grants,  wliich  lias  become 
a  muniticent  one,  it  is  dedicated  to  llie  i)urposcs  of  education,  beyond  any  proba- 
bilitv  of  diversion. 


THE  riMAf.MlY  AXD  aR.ADED  SCHOOLS. 

TheConstitulioii  of  the  State  als9  provides  that  "A  school  shall  be  maintained 
in  each  school  district  [witliont  cliarge  for  tuition]  at  least  three  months  in  each 
year.  Any  school  district  neglecting  to  maintain  such  school,  shall  be  de])rived 
for  the  ensiling  year  of  its  jiroportion  of  the  income  of  the  itrimary  .school  fund, 


and  of  all  funds  arising  IVoin  taxes  for  the  sn 


pport  of  sdiools."' 


.SCHOOL   LAW  oi'  Tin:  sr.VTK 


The  present  school  law  reipiires  a  school   to  bi;  kept  not  less  than  nine  months 
in  each  .year  in  districts  having  over  eight  hundred  children  of  .school  age  (botwe 


tlve  and  twenty),  not  less  Ih.'in  live  moulbs  in  districts  1 


than  eight  hundred  childrc 


en 
laving  over  tliirtv  and  less 


n.  and  not  less  than  three  months  in  all  other  districts 


MCIIOOI.  DlSrUIlTiS   AND  TIIKUl  (iOVKIiNMr.NT. 

The  government  of  school  districts  is  in  the  hands  of  three  olHcers  denominated 


the  moderator,  director,  and  assessor,  who    together   const  itiile  tlie   school  d 


board.      Any  district  containing    more    tlian 


isirici 


on(>    luindred    children    of   school  au'c 


may,  however,  elect  a  board  of  six  trustees,  who  sliall  constitute  the  district  board, 
with  power  to  choose  its  own  otliccr.s.  The  boundaries  of  dj.^iricts  are  determined 
by  a  township  board  of  school  inspectors. 

KKl'OlMt*   ItKQlUHKI)  TO   HK   SIADK    nv   CKIMAIN   <t|IM(i:i!i<. 

District  boards  are  required  to  make  reiiorts  to  township  boards  of  inspectors, 
these  to  the  county  clerk,  and  the  county  clerk  to  the  Stale  Superintendent  of 
Public  Instrnetion,  who  is  the  ofllcial  head  of  the  edncatiiuial  structure  of  the 
State.  A  system  of  county  superintendency  was  established  in  ^X^u.  but  the  Leg- 
islature of  187")  supplanted  it  by  a  townsliip  superintend 


cncv, 


1  NI(»N    AND  OHADIM)   SCHOOLS. 


The  system  of  union  or  graded  schools 


ulminating  iu   high  .schools   in   many 


eases,  and  which  has  been  so  generally  adopted  Ihroughont  the  State,  had  its  tlrst 
aetive  growth  about  twenty  years  ago.  The  earlier  scluxds  of  tills  class  were  organ- 
ized nnder  special  acts,  and   it  wn.s  to  obviate  the   necessity  of  tiiese   special  acts 


Education. 


Of) 


:;;t;;:,s:^v;s  :;;^:s:;;/^;;.  '2!'::;:7Y  r-^'-  ^^  ^'"^  ••'-^'  ^'-  ^^-  - 

powers  orclistn^K,™,   *,,::'    ^   "f  '"'f'^'^   ^^"^   1^"--'    "'   l«n(..      The 

•IHogaUul  tho    pow,.rto,..t,hli.hM       <r         .  throe,  to   whom    maybe 

•I.M.t  pupils  attoM.1i„o.,I    .:'''"'  r!'"."'  "'"^    '•""'^'•t  ••»  '"ifi""  ft--^  '.f   resl- 
-ui  sllel,  pr.,,0         K..       .  ;.,„^:^r'    ""*r  '^'^  n.ny  contract  loans  fV.r  hnihlin^s 

-lollars  i,;  lu.y  .H.'trict!  ""-"'-•••«"  P"P.I.,  hnt  not  to  exrce.!  thirty  thousaml 

SCIIOOI,    UHKAHIKS. 

.d::i':;;' ti':;'™;;;.:,,":"  n::;r,':":;:u';;;,;r-""r"7' "; '■■»-"'■"•■ »""™«" 

SKCTAUIAN   TICACmXd  FOItlUDDKN 
<<).MPUI.SOKY  ATJKNUANCK   AP   SLHOOI 

MK.';",:i;!;;r;;,,;:;:r:;r'';:,,s,;:  :;"",V"';'  ■■'""■';■■■"  '■■""•  ■"" ''»'"-«"  "> 

S.K..1   „.»»0„  CXl.l.   Wl,i,.|,    ,„„.,.,„.   s,„.l,   ,,,t,.,,,toJ.  "     "■'"'   ""'■   """'»'  "'""« 

illK   WLI'l'OUT  UK  SCHOOLS. 

TlIK    I'HI.MA'n     SCHOOL   KUNI>. 

,„:!';.'l  Vr'"*;  <;'•'*•"   t''«   primary  school  fnn.l  i„    ls7;i,  was  $2i:t040  12    in   1S74 
vi     v.;         ^  .'  '""""'"  "'''*  *'"'  ''"'••'^"^•^  «f  "'*'  f"»'l  '"ore  thin  keep    ,,x« 

.•  .      on    lo  .    n'  '  .".'"""^  ""■"""'  '■'■"'"  ""**  ^'"'<'  '^t  *;(no.0OO,  o;  seven  per 

«lp    .^s^ "::;';;;;;      '''^'>°"^"  "-  P--^'«"  of  t..o  t^nul  .leriveaiVon.   sale^!f 

t        -s  1  ;!  Zl     u    ;"  '"'■  '■""''  '"•"   "'^"••"   '■"""  ^^i"'  ^^•'^•-t  <lo"bt,  exceed 

•'   istinia       sullIcuMUly  to  compensate   for  th.;  slight  ditterence.      I'rospectivelv 

•:  ..i'on  .h.  extiug.dshn.cnt  of   the   State  debt,  t»!e   school  fnnd  wil     r  ceivelu 

.ncon,e  tron.  specific  taxes  on  corporations,  which  in  1874  amonnt 'mJ  to  85;5!i28  4o! 


loo 


Statistics  of  Michigan. 


COMPAKATIVK   S(^H<)OL  STAJliSTIC'.S   FOIt  TKN   YP:AHS. 

The  filets  embodied  in  the  four  followin^r  tables  will  bo  found  of  interast: 

'I'AIIK    I.  I 

ShowiiiK:     A,   the   luimber  of    townnhipH   in    lh„   Slate;    IJ,  miml.cr  of  Hchool   .liHtvirts   in   the 
Mate;   (',  luimlu'V  of  volitmcs   in   town   llbrarios;    1),  number  of  volumes  in  district   liljvarics-   K 
whoie  numi.er  of  teaeluMs  omi.loyo.l  n.  the  schools;  K,  (i,  aven.Ko  wa^es  per  month  of  male 'ami 
enmie  teaciiers.  respectively;   H,  total  wai{e«  of   teachers  for  the   year;   I,  total  value  of  school 
houses'  and  lota. 


YKAU. 


!»!«. 

m\s. 
mm. 

1S70. 
1S71. 

mi. 

lAU. 
1H74. 
1875. 


A. 

n. 

4,474 

V. 

711 

SiAMi 

;•.'■> 

4,(li') 

•14,042 

774 

4,744 

fli.S.S;) 

VH(» 

4,S.V) 

4li,Sli) 

His 

.'i.O.W 

4(»,'i)4 

H6S 

n.  KIH 

nM-a 

hh;j 

.'•),2!«) 

48,471) 

!)l)| 

r,,:m 

4it.744 

!ttl 

.^.Vil 

4!>,'2!»l 

It;-),-) 

.V)7I 

lil,S72 

USl 

.'),70(i 

.')4,(i<K| 

711, 
H7, 
'27 

im 

»7, 

lot 
los, 
1 1."), 

l'.>0,< 

i;i'2, 


,.577 
.■)()4 
fMHt 
'iH7 
.WO 
101 
7(iO 
2S1 

;i.ti 

)77 

;t;t.-) 


K. 

H,7!)2 

V. 

*;. 

$41  77 

$17  54 

!»,  IH-.» 

4;t  n:! 

IS  44 

!»,;W4 

41  0,1 

10  4S 

!),<i;i() 

47  7H 

21  02 

]0,'2t!) 

47  71 

21  .V) 

11,011 

IH  01 

24  7.t 

11, -274 

4!)  02 

27  21 

ll,tt,')!t 

40  11 

20  72 

11, (WO 

.'il  04 

27  i;i 

12,270 

;V2  .'tl 

27  01 

12,47S 

."il  •2!l 

2.S  10 

II. 

$720,2«l  M 

Hll.O.TO  ;i7 

»17,5:ii»  01 

1,04 !,!»(«  ftS 

1,177,847  Wi 

),.i0;t,228  m 

1,520,111  .W 

1,000,220  11 

1,70.5,000  .-)!) 

J,0 17,011  10 

1,0.52,074  10 

$2,.S.5,5,n82 
2,K54,!KI0 
.•I,;«)l,5(i7 
4,.mi,472 
5,;«l,774 
0,2.14,707 
(i,75,5,!m,5 
7,470,.'i30 
H,10,5,;t!)| 
H,0i:t,H45 
0,11.5,;!,50 


showni!*-:  A,  wln.Ic  nnmlier  of  school  houses  In  the  State;  15,  numher  hullt  of  stone-  C  num 
her  hnill  ol  l)rick;  1),  numl)er  of  frame  school  houses;  K,  numher  of  lo^r  school  houses'  V  'whole 
numher  ol    scaliuKs   for   ,)upils;   (J,    numjher  of  children   in   the  State   hetween   live  and  twentv 

years  ol   ..ffc;  H,  whnh'  numher  atlendiuK  scl I;     I,  per  cent,  of  attendance  to  the  whole  nuin- 

her;  J,  averajje  numher  of  months  of  school. 


.•;ai{. 


1S(15.... 
IHIU).... 
1807.... 
18(>.S.... 
I860.... 
1870.... 
1871.... 
1872.... 
1873.... 
1874.... 
1878.... 


U. 


4,40.-) 
4,022 
4,715 
4,021 
.5,110 
5,;i00 
,5,518 
5,572 
5,702 
5,787 


07 
7,t 
72 
74 

78 
77 
70 
80 
81 
79 


('. 

I). 

I.;. 

.•(20 

;t,;i7t) 

72;t 

;i75 

;i,5(K) 

oa5i 

410 

;t,oo!) 

018 

450 

;!,707 

021 

5;i8 

;i,807 

027 

570 

4,024 

(!2!) 

.505 

4, 1,5:1 

001 

04 1 

4,240 

(i05 

0S2 

4,.tOO 

.540 

71!) 

4,470 

51.1 

F. 


;t74,7(iOI 
;182,107' 
.•100,007 1 
407,072' 
414,000 


208,li07 
;i21,180 
.•!:{8,244 
;W4,7,M 
374,774 
;!84„554 
.•!0;t,275 
404,23.5 
421,;i22 
4:«>,004 
440,181 


II. 


228 

240 

243 

2.50, 

2(i0, 

278 

2!I2 

31( 

,•(24 

.•(27 

34;( 


,02il 

,057 

101 

mm 

587 
,O,S0l 
,40li 
,00(1 

015 
,.5(Hi 
,031 


f. 

.). 

70.5 

0.2 

70.5 

0.2 

72. 

0.2 

70.7 

0.2 

7-2. 

0.3 

7^2.5 

0.0 

70.5 

78. 

7.5 

70. 

7. 

75 

•J 

70. 

0.0 

T.\  111,10   III. 

.■^howiuft:  .\,  amount  of  moneys  on  han.i  at  the  commencement  of  the  vear;  li,  amount  of  two- 
null  tax;  C,  amount  of  primary  school  fund;  1),  district  taxes  to  pav  teachers  and  incidental 
cxpeiLses;  K,  other  district  taxes;  V,  receipts  from  all  other  sources.* 


VKAU. 


18(55 

\sm 

1807 

1808..   . 

1800 

1870 

1871 

1872... 

1873 

If"74.. 

1875 


.\. 

J142,0;18  ,52 

183,081  00 

102,002  02 

■280,877  87 

3di,440  22 

.•(00,477  81 

437,»;i0  a(! 

530,200  28 1 

530,.580  27 

570,050  03! 

075,802  401 

H. 


S'2.-J1,770  74 
288,820  (Ml 
•2.80,007  (13  j 
.•(0!),2in  38! 
.•(•2.(,-240  12: 
40.5,111  04 
40i)..541  -20 ! 
421,071  20 1 
40.5,012  ,84 : 
400,080  05' 
608,.551  87  j 


('. 

j 
i 

$137.:(.)4  02 

143,013 

31 

142.013 

•2.5 

151,000 

.50 

1(1.5.0(«) 

51 

177,313 

70 

182,022 

'25 

182,0!)5 

07 

104,470 

.58 

20.5,4.30 

14 

218,030  '20 

1). 

K. 

r. 

$178,130  24 

$•205,70!)  4!) 

$201, .541  24 

•2.14,700  21 

300,310  10 

317,.521  44 

.•(.•(•2,812  13 

.5'!  1,402  05 

485,023  70 

444,013  (M) 

0'2.5,(14S  5:( 

.548,,)5I  '25 

.571„504  11 

737,(154  (17 

0,I4,;('25  31 

1,0,(4, 718  77 

707, 7!H)  10 

,5^20,;(81  07 

1,157,,540  43 

,501,K58  4(1 

.5;-)  1,102  tl 

l,;(84.O70  o;! 

503,1180  00 

.537,071  •20 

1,. (00,040  (18 

7'28,570  40 

44.'l,453  O-* 

2,:(!);(,004  73 

4.53„50O  ;(!) 

'2,;(41,0^23  71 

38«,'205  (11 

vrnlP.'^n ''"'!','""  "'"'"'    r-''"'"'''''^  for  the  year,"  is  omittcl    from  this   tab!.,  far  the  sjskp  of  ron- 
5cnlcncc.      it  .■orrespouds  sulistiintially,  year  hy  year,  with  column  K  in  table  IV. 


Educatiox. 


iiterest ; 


liHtricts  in  the 
't  libraries;  h, 
til  of  inulo  and 
■111 no  of  Mchool 


I. 

1  an 

$2,3.W,1)82 

>  :ii 

2,H,')4,!»iK) 

>  01 

.•I,;«il,(H)7 

)  i»* 

4,.mi,472 

/  m 

r),.'«l,774 

H  r>» 

(i,2.M,7!l7 

1  .w 

(i^fti^ilW.") 

)  11 

7,470,a;«) 

)  .>)!l 

H,i(«,;t!)i 

1   11) 

H,(!i:t,H4r> 

t  lil 

u.iir),:^} 

•  tone;  (',  num. 
lines;  V,  whole 
0  nnil  tweiilv 
le  whole  luim- 


I. 

.;. 

2» 

7(i.r) 

(i.2 

•>: 

7(!.5 

«.2 

ii 

72. 

•i.2 

«! 

70.7 

(i.2 

S7 

72. 

(i.;i 

VI 

72.  .5 

(>.9 

>l> 

7(!.r) 

7. 

K! 

7H. 

7..-) 

1") 

7!l 

W 

71). 

7. 

il 

79. 

(!.!( 

iioinit  of  two- 
nil  incidental 


$m\,Ml  24 
;!17,.'i21  44 
4H,'),(12;t  7(1 

.MS,,),-)!  •>:, 
(y.n,:w  -.n 

.')2<i,;Wl  (i7 
.v.  1,102  2;t 

xn,'.ni  2!i 

44;i,4,'i;i  (i" 

4.'5;i„5!ii)  :ti> 

;J8(),2U.')  (il 


:;!kp  of  ron- 


.showinK: 


TAIll.i;   IV. 


...-  tw  the ,..,,  in..,ndinK  a t  on  ....L;;"^^■r  j^^ii:.:;':,^:;; 't^.r'"  '^^""'""- 


VKAK. 


ISCm-.  .. 
1S(!(!. 

18(i7 

IWS.... 
lH(i!).... 
if*70.... 
li^ll.... 
1H72.,.. 
M7.t.... 
W74.... 

1875 ; 


*17.'-.,471 
.■i; )!»,(!!»() 

.'>4,->,4;t7 

77(i,074 
H,')2,I22 
(l(i2,H»(i 
(l2.'),H4;i 
.'>!t7.()(»(i 

f);i(!,:i07 


It. 


.'12  .. 
71   . 

.'to 

HS 
(M) 
(i2 
II 
01 
(W 
2H 
(it 


$:.'W4,l 
;i»K, 


H.-il  41 
1U(!  41 


|170,(J0O.'i(! 
•274,H10  2(i 
287,701  (!( 
.•tO!»,  l.W  HO 
4(i.5,i(8;i  (iO 

(i4S,;il2  02 
74<i.2.');i  .'«-) 
7HH,!K»2  (Mi 
(K)0,!)01  4H 
01!),!  12  »,S 


l>. 


(iin.'),o«7  4.-) 

21.'),4,il  ,t.) 
.•tO.'t,!,')*!  110 
.■ti;t,721  11 

.•ts;i,ri42  ;t7 

470,2«!»  4(1 
.'■)27,12H  .V2 
.'')(>0,221  'M 
.'>!»4,4(i7  IH 
(l*f,(>(il  .'t;t 
(1U,700  ;t.j 


K. 


S  1,242,824  7N 
1,»H7,104  12 
2,011,02.')  8.1 
2,4S7,r)(K)  .'12 

2,m,r<r>:i  !»2 

.'t,l.')4,2i2  24 
.'t,.'!(i7,8(;H  81 
.'t,.')«;t,47»  0.1 

•'i,74;t,;t.'i2  70 

4,  \(}-,r,Ki  78 
4,l(38,0(i3  0.{ 


F. 


822l,70.'t  45 

•i:ir,,7Hii  2(1 

4;t!),47(i  .'(H 

(i4;t,!»»i  i» 

!>17,027  87 
H(il,40!)  i)4 
l,l4(i,.')(i»  It 
I,2;t4,(i8(i  .r) 
1,707,700  1(1 
1,8.50,7(14  1!) 
i,82«,l(iO  48 


111 


MI.sCKI.r.ANKOUS   FACTS. 

T.U.  amou..;  o!^;S\v  U  ^l  K.^;!   'u:^";*''''"^^• 
(incl,u]i,..  ,.,o,.eys  paid  ou  L2a^^ZZ.^i:;!T^::''''"''   V''   "'"^^« 
bor  7,  1874,  was  «3,410,!W0.(;8,  ^vl.i.-^  i"  .$7  8     nr,  ^     J l^'''"  '"'''"«  ''^^P**^'"- 

hy  the  last  constts.  '  ^^'^^   ^^     ''"l"^'^  ^^  *'>«  «>'ool  population 


(JKADKI)  AM)  UN(JRAI)KI)  SCIIOOI..S. 


1874,  a,  t„  ll,„  items  „ato.l,  >".Kra,l„,l)  1„  ,„o  Stale,  for  tl,o  year 


Xiimber  of  distiii'tf 
(!eii8iis  eiirollinciit. 
School  onroJlment.. 
'i'(!adicr.s  employed 

Teachers'  wages 

Total  resources 

Total  expenditufes 
Tolal  indebtedness. 
Valuation  of  .scliool 


(imdcd. 


property. 


327 

178.204 
121,919 
2,278 
«014.2o;{ 
a,27r),149 
1,888,0;{(! 
1.485,241 
5.480,701 


Ungraded. 


5,244 

258,490 

205,587 

9,998 

$1,002,758 

1,830,602 

1,525,085 

.'i05.522 

3,425,937 


srATI.STKS   Ol'   CITY  UNION'   .SCHOOIS 

va."s/rrr':s;:i;^'::s:;-^;;f;;s:  :--.;■;-'  '»-»■;  »•- - ..■ 

Il.ose  rerp.iro.l   bv   the   re-nil'ir   re ,1  rt^       T  ^^        '  '''''"'''''  ••^'l^'itional   to 

;;-^.  ...0  .„„.„„  ..u:;^- ;-:;'„,„  r:;:„;r  a::-s;;:-  s::'.- :- 


•r.ui.r.A.t  STATrsTics  ok  cnv  ,m„.v  ,x,.|iooi..s. 


'"■  >'>'("o  sfhool  l.niltii,,^,:  ,.:.  ,„„,;,..,;  i  "I";;; '.::;,.^'. ''':'''''':'"'>•'•■'  "•  '•'«  -H-triet;  I),ro.stof  eentr..! 

"'•  n.e  H„a  s,.h,.„.  dnrinK  the  ...r-e^ihnat;. ;  ci/.i:;;;^  s;,;:;r;;n;:;Se!;;;;::;:  ;;:r;n' 


102 


Statistics  of  Michigan. 


ber  of  pupils   belonKing  to  tho  High  School  .lurinR  tho  year;   I,  number  of  pupil,  graduating  at 
tho  oloMo  ot   tho   year;   J,  number  of  pupils  8tudy(        '  -  -  K>a""at'ng  at 

^tatPH   hirttnvv    T.     titiiti1in»  ^»...i..i „i..ii 


„.   .       .,  .      -,   -, ,,^    i..n.iir.  oiudyiug  languages; 

States  history;  L,,  number  stuilying  civil  government. 


ji,   number  stuilying  I'niteil 


Alpena* 

Aifrian 

Ann  Arlior  .. 
Uattle  Creek.. 

Hay  (Jily* 

Hig  Uap'ids 

ColiUvater 

Charlotte 

Detroit 

Kast  siagiuaw.. 

Klint 

(irand  Haven., 
(imnd  Itiipid.s. . 

(ireeuville 

Hastings ... 

HillHdalo 

Holland 

Ionia 

■Jackson 

Kalanuizoo 

Lansing 

liapeer 

Alanistee.. 

Marshall 

jMonroe _ 

Sfuskegon 

Nilcs 

Owossf) ._ 

I'ontiac 

Port  Huron 

Saginaw  Citv... 
St.  Clair....;.... 
Wyandotte... 
Ypsilanti 


A. 


$1,200,000 

"ij!ii,m 


1,7*>,-2,')U 

1,'200,(KIO 

♦!WJ,0()() 

517,(iO(l 

27,774,(i;iO 

;!,2Hl,04l) 

],;«)7,340 

(i22,0(!!) 

10,(HX),()4^ 


44(),()S(: 
4;ili,8o0 


2,r)00,0(X) 

2, 10,1, 1-20 

4I)0,(K)0 

»iH,i,812 

i)87,4»;i 

!l;W,()(!.-) 

l,i)4-),44!l 

H-)(),(XK) 

2.W,l(iO 

020,8;-)-) 

1,2,-)B,000 

],«)0,5,5.') 

*31fi,0(K) 

*190,000 


t2d,000 
120,000 
J40,(HH) 
]r)O,0(K) 
120,000 

ir),taK) 

()li,000 

2;!,0(K) 

(i!)(>,7;t!» 

],W,0,S(i 

]i)0,(KHI 

.W.CKM) 

y41,(XK) 

i)0,0()0 

40,000 

4.->,(KX) 

(>-),()00 

4.-),(XK) 

4I,(XH) 

1(K),()00 

100,(X)0 

15,000 

32,000 

l.-)0,000 

.•i(),000 

101,872 

7r),()oo 
r)i,ooo 

1(X),0(K) 
S(),800 

l.'K.OOO 
20,000 
54,000 
84,000 


c. 


1). 


$20,000 
70,000 
1)0,000 
8,'i,0(K) 

.•r),ooo 

.'}5,(KK) 
15,000 

30/22;^ 
114,000 
40,0(M) 
50.0(H) 
.■iO.(XK) 

;i8,ooo 

3:i,0(K) 

;i,ooo 

.•JO,0(K) 
28.000 
55,m»0 
5li,75l) 
17,0(K) 
20,000 
70,000 
18,000 
54,48;i 
.•tO,0(K) 
42,000 
(il!,875 
30,000 
72,  (XX) 
10,000 

2;i,ooo 

70,000 


■'$47,7(K) 
2!),(XX) 
72,(XX) 
41,0(X) 
24,(XX) 
4,(X)0 
],(XX) 

"  'u,m) 

ilfi,(KX) 
28,(KX) 
(lO.OOO 
2li,.^(X) 

;!.-i  lion 
]■  m 

i.  IIIO 
Ki.iWX) 


50,000 


43,000 


52,925 
10,i-)(X) 
.•i4,(HX) 
40,400 
25,(XX) 
8!),000 
7.(XX) 
7,(KX) 
4,7,50  j 


*  Taken  from  report  for  1874. 

t  Latin,  Greek,  ami  Ueini:in,  the  latter  avera"in" 


$;i,.5(X) 

o,;joo 


1,(XX) 

;i,(KMi 

1,0,50 
4,000 

1,,500 

'2^681) 


4,000 

4,,5(X) 
1,5(X) 
2,(K)0 


2,700 


2,178 
2,000 
;i,4.50 
],i».iO 
2,.i00 


;i,(xx) 


$1,400 
2,(XX) 
2,(XX) 
1,700 
1,8(X) 
1,3(K) 
1,(W^ 
1,2(X) 
.'1,225 

;i,(xx) 

2,(XX) 
2,(XK) 
2,5IX) 
1,,5(X) 

l,;i(xi 

J,2(K) 

1,(X«) 

1,8(X) 

1,800 

2,(XX) 

1,4(X) 

1,500 

],.5(X) 

1,000 

1,2(M) 

I,H(X) 

1,800 1 

1,4(X) 

1,8(X) 

l,ryt)0 

2,tX)0 

1,2IX) 

1,200 

1,.-)(X) 


II. 


IS 
1,51) 
380 
148 

40 

2!) 
122 

04 

o;io 
lo:i 
1.17 

40 
104 

57 

53 
1(X) 

28 
140 

12 
108 

02 

75 


103 
49 


10!) 
i)8 
132 
102 
72 
34 
58 
5.'! 


2 

l(i 
14 

8 
0 
(> 
4 

8 


J.t 


45 

281 

73 


70 
14 
51!) 
!)8!) 
00 
20 

1,5; 

10 
.50 
20 


24 
04 
.•!4 
24 
li 
47 
1!) 

.52 
(i4 
75 

0;-) 
.30 


2!) 


K. 


.■10 
2(X) 
113 
1!)| 

75 

20 
1(X) 

!I0 

2,275 

IW) 

145 

!)(i 
130 

32 


21 
103 
88 
34 
13 

a-) 

75 
.58 
75 
84 
.58 
1.50 
00 


0.5 


14 
12 


31 
30 


130 
"20 


03 
10 
2.5 
13 
25 


15 
10 
11 

40 


alioiit  one-thii-d  of  the  wliole. 


THE  STATE  XORMAL  SCHOOL. 

Tho  leading;  object  of  the  Jformal  School  is  to  iu..tn.ct  a.ul  qualify  per.«ons  for 
the  work  of  teachiug  in  the  primary  .school.^,  an.l  as  ..i,ch,  this  notice  of  it  properly 
follows  m  this  connection.  '     *      • 

I.OCATIOX   AM>   lilll.DIXG.s. 

The  school  is  located  at  Ypsilanti,  a  city  of  between  r,,0()0  and  G.OOO  inhabitant* 
thirty  nules  west  of  Detroit,  ou  the  Central  railroad.  The  school  bnildin-s  are 
111  the  northwestern  part  of  the  city,  npon  an  elevated  site,  abont  ninetj  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  Huron  river,  and  overlooking  the  entire  town.    The  -M-ound-^ 

;r„?W)*"!  ''""n""T  .7/^-^''"*'  """'  '^'■"  '^'•'■'''''^^  ""'^  ornamented  with  aCundant 
.Shu  bbe.j  Jhe  bu.Id.n-s  are  two  in  number,  and  are  very  correctly  represented 
in  the  cut.  1  he  principal  building,  ^^  hich  appears  on  the  right,  with  cupola  pro- 
jecting frotn  the  center  of  the  roof,  is  102  feet  long  and  oG  feet  wide,  and  is  three 
stories  high  excl.isive  of  the  basement.  The  second  buihliug  is  occupied  by  the 
School  of  raining  and  Practice.  It  is  70  feet  by  o2,  and  is  tlu-ee  stories  high 
including  tlie  basement.  " 


OUti.VNIZATIOX  AM)  WOllK  OV    THK  .SCHOOL. 

son'^'r-^t"?^  r'!  "'r-i'"'"^  '"  l^^^,^ua  hiis  instructed  in  its  Xormal  department 
some  0,300  students,  4.2  of  whom  have  completed  .some  one  of  the  courses  of  stud.y. 


\i  KroduatinK  at 

stuil 

viiiK   1 

:iiitc'(i 

J.t 

K. 

L. 

.10 

4-) 

2()0 

i2«l 

Ji:j 

(i.1 

<;l 

73 

'I'l. 

i!) 

HI 

KH) 

14 

u 

110 

12 

:>!!) 

2,27r> 

l)Si» 

]«() 

31 

(M) 

145 

3(i 

20 

00 

m 

136 

130 

ir, 

32 

no 

20 

'-•0 

47 

.... 

70 

5 

"ii 

"""21 

(it 

]l« 

03 

.•14 

88 

10 

a4 

34 

2.-) 

i> 

13 

13 

47 

a-. 

23 

lit 

/o 

. 

58 

'» 

.V2 

^'} 

15 

(« 

84 

Hi 

75 

58 

11 

(^■> 

150 

40 

;!() 

00 

.  .. 

12 

(i 

w 

30 

■  persons  for 
I'  it  properly 


iiihiibitants, 
iiiildiiigs  are 

niiioty  feet 
riie  j^romuls 
h  abiiiidant 
represented 

on])ola  pro- 
^nd  is  three 
pied  by  llie 
s^torios  lii<>h 


department 
es  of  study. 


il 


Education. 


103 


43  won.  .....hMs.oo.l  U        v.T    ;...cit  ^  'Z!''''  ^""^  '''^-'^  "'  of  ^'hom 

>>'""tal  ,„.  Mo.l,.l  School.      'Jrr,tosf^,rfL  '!•'''""'    "^'^"  *'"    ^'^^P^'"'- 

""""'«■'•  siMv   of  whom  r.-i  ,„       "'"'*'"''*•'"  f"'  the   year  from  tlie  diflerent  courses 

the  State    ^'  "  "'  '"'  '""'  ^""'^"•^"  ^"   ^-"'^••'"g  '»   the  puWie  .schoolsof 

'■O'JUSES  OK   SriDV. 

y''^:  zi'z^ii.uZ::  ^i:":::::^  ^•^'"'"'?'-  '^•-"-  --i  — ,two 

Hassioal   course^  fV„„.   vo^r^     Z^'yLr;^'''   ■"  "-'l--  -"S-n.^eH,  four   years; 
'■onrses,  two  years.       '  '       "         ^"'""'''   '■"'"■■^^''  t"*'  years;    hij^her  lan^r„age 


^loni'.I.    I)i:i'.\I!TMK\T. 


;?raniniar 


KXDOWMKXT.   KXI'KXSi;.. 


>   '^^"  ■ii:it-M.S  OF  ADMJSSIOX. 

The  pernianeut  eudowniciit  of   the  Scliool    i<    fi„.  a'  ,    ..  , 

A-on.  the    sale  of  L.u.ls  ,„..,i.Ue.,    lo    .hi     :  ,    sf '   T,:!'"sta^   i:!  ""'•  ""■'^"' 
appropriation  of  about  818  000       Tl„.  .,.,„„,.  '""'^"'■''    ""    '"'"""1 

■1^23,000.      Kaeh   nuMnber   of    the    St     e  ^T"'"-  '""  "'""'  '"■^'•''"■'  '-^'-''t 

Pt.pils    frou.    his  .Ustriet  to   r    eive     nsfn?^  "    ':^    ""'"'"'   '"    '^^^'"""^'^    ^wo 

tuitiou  is  free       <)tl  /^  Vo ...  ,1  •  '    '"   ^""    ^^•''""''    ""^'  *"    these    the 

are  re,uire<1  to  sign  l.le.^     "  o  i'llf  ^t..^^'  '  !"''""  '"'  ^'  '''  J"''"  >'-"•-  -"^  «" 

-^  — >..  - --i:;;''"Six.e-^^r;:;;  .iC  ";;;;;isr  ^'^ 

OOVKUX.MKXT. 

The  School   is  un-ler  the   government   of  -i    «„.„.,i   ^t-  t-  1       .- 
three  members,  elected  by  the  ,.eo        nf  n    ^'  ,  ?'"'\°*    r^'l'U'atiou  consisting-   of 

Instruction  bei,..  ex  o  nl    '    n    n  -  ,  '"'  *'"    '^"l'"''"ten.lent  of  Public 

u<'n„  t.\  onido  .1  member,  and  secretary  of  tlie  Board 

K.KK.r   OK    ,.n....»MAS-,KA,„,CW.    KM,.r.OVK,>-VA..VK   O.    .KOPKUTV. 

hold';';;' t  ■;:!  '"'^n::^::;:^:^''' ''  ''\  '^^'"  •^"^'"'^'^^'-  -•  ^'- 1--- 

of  thelschool.      The  v!lue         .0  ?  'Z""''''^''"'  ^"  "'"  ""-^'"'^  'l-'Partments 

i.s  staged  at  872.800  "f  «'o-Hm,u.ldu.o.s,  furniture,  library,  apparatus,  etc., 

TIIK  STATK  r.\IV7.:]{SITY. 

l.<)(  ATIOX    AXI)    M-IIKX    KsTAIW.ISII 

rniv.,,,,vV„,<  L,;„;,.„  ;,. ,     ;  'i ,":,;:,'; :  t  '■'■""■"  """■""■  ■'■"■■ 

fessor  i.  ia  i^-j-^    ,,,,:„„.  „,     .      .:  I"*-  "''"t  leiOHl  of  tlie  appomfmcnt  of  a.  prn- 

Koo.  bc.no  the  professorship  of  botany  and  .ooloo-y.    The  tirst  deuces 


104 


Statistics  of  Miciikjan. 


t 


coiifoiicd  were  in  1845,  with  wvoii  profosHorn,  part   of  wJk. 

riio  (lepartmeiit    of  McdlcI 
of  Liiw  i 


III  only  were  on   ni'tlvo 


*'"^^''      in'lMl)'""'"'"""    '"'  ^^•^'"'■'"•'  '''"'  "'•«''"'^-«l  '"  l^^^fN  miiuhi^  'i).-i;urun.'nl 


KAUI.V    KNDOWMI'.NT. 

By  fti-t  of  ConfrroHs  of  May  20,  1820,  land  eqnal  to  two  townships,  or  s.-vontv- 
wo  s..i-lions.  was  s.-t   af.ait   for  tho  n.se  and  s,.pp„rt  of  n  nnWorsity,  within  tlio 

o"h  *s[  ;:'■'  rJi''Tv:'i'' ':' '''  •^"""  ''^ ''''-  ""^  ^^-'^  --  '-«--^ 

n   th..   Stat..,  and   w.t,.   h.M   and   sol,]   at  pri.vs  ..onsidonihly  in   advance  of  tho 

ark«t   vain.,   o     other   pnhlie   lands,  only  son.o  200  acres   now    ren.ainin.^   .n.sold 

rhe  .nom.y  received    for  these  lands  is  held    hy  the  S.-Ue  as  trnstee.  andls  s  a  ed 

JL'%H .>;•'"';''"■':''' f  ''""'■  ^"^^'"'•''""- "•  '"^ -"^-'-^ ^"'- ^«"^. !••  -« «' 

*..U,.»0HJ1.  n,„  ,nt,,,-est  npon  tiiis  fnnd,  an.onntins  to  ahont  ^IW.OOO  annnally  is 
.1  permanent  endowment,  secnred  both  by  tlie  terms  of  the  ^.ant  and  by  the  eon- 
stltntion  of  llie  State,  to  (lie  T^niversity. 

I'llM'O.siC  AND   ClIAItACTKH  OP  TlIK  UNIVKIISITV. 

to  ni;  l;'iY;'"«ity,  iis  a  part  of  the  etincational  system  of  the  St  ite.  may  be  said 
to  offer  (in  Its   plan,  at  least,  and   in  practhe,  so  far  as  its  a.^e  and  '-..  ...-ans  a 
ts  disposal  enable  it  to  do  so)  every  facility  for  the  acqniren.ent  of  the  hi-^hest 
iinowledse  imparted  by  tlio  sdiools.  '"„'"»r, 

nHon  t  e  s  ''"-'/•'••^":«  ■■'"/'I  ^'^"•'-  *"•'  very  mnch  to  in.press  npon  the  insti- 
tution the  stamp  of  a  nniversity,  and  to  Impress  the  people  witli  a  ri^ht  concep- 
tion of  what  a  nniversity  shonld  be.      The  University  having  honored  him  "Ha 

nvitation  to  attend  its  commencem.'nt  exercises  in  187(!  (from  ids  Ion-  retirement 

■;. 'Tw  '  r""  •"■  "''^  ."^^•"^'•'^^'""•^  «»  ♦'-  S«>«"-'^1  ■'".bjcct  of  universities  seen* 
..ppiopr  ate  here,  as  serving  to  detlne  the  character  of  the  University  of  Midii-an 

Js^rhe  la's-  '''^'"'''  ^''"  '"'■''*'""  ^'""■'■^•■^'  Association  of  the  T^niverslty,  June"22; 
"In   all   mere  human  Institutions,  tlierc  are  none  so   important  and  mi-hty  in 
heir  inlluence  as  universities;   they  embrace  the  means  of  all  human  cult.n-e,  and 
tiiey  act  directly  upon  tlie  upsprincrin-  manliood  ot   a  nation.      *      *      AVherever 
yon  collect  tlie  treasnres   of  kuowled-e,  an.l  tlie   men  Avho   know  liow  to  ns(>  and 
apply  them,  tliore,  and  there  only,  you  have  properly  a  university       *     *     *      Jot 
there  be  no  jealous  and  tyrannical  interference:  let  tliere  be  no  religions  or  political 
tests;  le    tliere  be  no   l)arbarons  attempt  to   liarness   tlio   winged   Pegasus  to  the 
drag  of  beggarly  elements.      Knowledge  can  llourish  only  in  the  air  of  freedom- 
truth  can  walk  in  majesty  and  vigor  only  wlien  unfettered;  goodness  can  bo  pure 
and  without  hypocrisy  only  amid  the  sanctities  of  trust.       Freedoui-tliis  is  the 
grand   characteristic   of  nniversity   e.lucation,  as   it    is    the   essential  attribute  of 
manhood       *      *      The  State  of  Michigan    *     *     has  conceiyed  the  plan  and  laid 
tli.e  foundations  of  a  university.      How  simple  the  idea  of  a  university'     \n  asso- 
ciation of  eminent  scholars  in  every  department  of  human  knowledge,  together 
with   books  embodying  the  results  of  Imman    investigation  and  thinking,  and  all 
the  means  of  advancing  and  ilhistratiug  knowledge.      How  simple  the  law  which 
.s  to  govern  this   association!     Tliat  each   member,  as  a  thinker,  investigator  and 
teacher,  shall  be  a  law  unto  liimself,  in  his  own  dej,artinent.      *        *      1  conceive 
of  the  University  of  Michigan  as  cajiable  of  becoming  one  of  these  g.  >at  and  dis- 
tinguished institutions.       *        *       Let    the    State   of  Michigan   collect    li^re    the 
means  ot  all  knowledg<.  ami  liberal   culture.       Let    the   curators  ai.pointe.l    by  the 


Educatiox. 


_  105 

ness  oai,  overhang  H.o  msnit.        •        *        .^        ^"""I'lorati.,,,.,  «,„1  ,.„  ,i,„„,tful. 
•'"""'"«-<l.o  Uirht  beam  of  tl.o  ..roat  .,.„  Irl  ^'T'l  ^'"'^•''■'"'J'  '^  a  so.,  or  tho 
'•>"l.i.e  of  ,1.0  West.      *      •      \VV  have     •  ^  ,  '\"""'"''^'<'  ^vhich  is  ri.h.p  ,„„.„  to 
".i-o„eeivi„«  the  tn.e  charaete^  f  a  n  ^  1^  ^     ",.  .nuu,  a,.„  .ua.  .ul^aUe  ill    o 
'"  f   hone  ty,  ,l„olUy  a„.I  l.lainues  /l  wo  .1     ..n  "'""  ''"'""  ''"'"'''  ^^  ""'^•". 

mistakes  won  1  „e  the  int.o.lnetion  oV  pom,^l,\' ''  '''''"  .'f  "'^'"''-  '^'"«-  ^hren 
o...sie.s  an.l  eo,„,,etltio,i.,  an.l  Meeta.la,,  ,,,■  i  ,  ' '" '':""^"'l'  "'"»  "»•"«,  local  joal- 
"U-nt  of  the  lT„lversUy.        *       ^;""'  "     >   "jmliees  an.l  .len.ands  i„to  ,he  n.anLe- 

its  appointments  and  nwMisnre^  for  two      1^^^^^^  I"   """''^'«"   t^'   influence 

"othin,.  to  ao  with  politics.  '*  *  °  t-  n  i  r;r-,  /  '"''  '"  '''  """"•«  't  has 
to  procure  the  most  al.le  professors    „o  ,..«nn  1   ^'        ^*''""  «''«''"tiul  to  its  success 

tic.,  oor..a,  co-operation  am;;;:,.;;;^  ^p^  "'^'"•^  i^'^'   '!^^^^ ^^^^^M  proset" 

^:r:  i  :'::i^:4:srr  fr?"^ '  ^^---  eommon'^i^^^'r^--  ^^  ii^^- 

«»t  heyon,,  m:ZTZX:l;::7\:or''  '-".onorahloVharactors.  ^^^ 
to  scientiflc  and  Ut or. ry  li^^^Z^j' ^'^^u' r ':'''''''  ^""•"•'  '^'^  l«acl  only 
fffrcffiously   do    those    niist'il^e   the    .  .      "Ptitudc    to    teach.        •        •        j,Z. 

i"-gi"o  that  hecause  !t1;^,^^\fZV:t  ""  "'"^  "'  ""^  '"«"^»^'°»  -ho 
"e  oners  to  all  sects  and  parties  toinU^ndo/'"^'^ 'r'"'"'"'  ''  "'"-*-«r« 
"ot  belon..  to  any  sect  or  party  in  m  th'nl  r  !  ,',""  '■'"''^-  ^^  ""^  «"ly  does 
all.  The  deed  of  trust  by  which!  l;  V;  ^'"'"""'  *"  »^'  "^^^^t  or  party  at 
H.-0  dctined,  n>aK-es  „o  nn.:iTo'T'r'^'^l'^;:  '-"-co  by  winch  its'^b^els 
not  of  political   parties-    it  refe,-^  tr  "    '^''»'«"s  (loi>omin::tions:  it  sneak, 

tl.e  State  of  Micli.an,  or  ^^f  ul^'^^f'tll^l'^l;"^^'    ''  ^Poa^  "^^ 
cie„t:fie  institution;   it  is  i„  no  sen  e  ecde  i Vmc^^^^^^     t!  ,"  f  P^'^^^y  iiterary  and 
purpose-advancing  ^„  nrmru  f  ?  ^'  ^'  'lesigned  for  a  si„.r]o 

«f  tlu,  University  as  belon.^"  '  di  w"J.  %:;  rf'^'".'- ,  ^^  ^«  -  '"--I  to  spel- 
speak  of  the  asyl„„,,  t,,o  .state  prl  o  f  U.e  T  i  ^^onjolntly,  as  it  would  be  to 
t"t  on  or  works,  as  thus  belon^i  ^  '",:  ;;;;f '•""'  ''  '"'^'  «"'^'-  ^^.ly,  instl- 
sects,  but  of  the  people.      And  tlielnsfinr  .    '■'   "°*  ''"'"Posed   of  religious 

.<ects  into  wluch  the  people    1      ,;'^"^'°"^."^.  V"  ^'''''  ''«  "°t  belong  to  tl^ 
tieeMx.t   to    the    pocJple^.onS    H    ^e  iS'f  l?^' ^!'''"-  ^^'''^^ 
divisions.      Th«  people  of  the  State,  and     ot  the  .J  '  "•'''i'''''^''^  of  all  such 

ten  judges  and  tea  regents,*  who  are  po"  ,1b  e  to  f,'"!"  "''''  '''''^  ^''^  '"^'^^^s, 
Of  he  State,  and  not  to  the  religious  sec  r  a"  iV"""  ""''^^'tuents,  the  people 
a'nbe  to  the  one  as  to  the  othc^-.  The  l.tie!  .  '"'''''."'"  '"''^"°"'^  ''''''  Pre- 
fixed, not  by  the  religious  sects  but  bvth  e  .•/  "°  •^"''»"^'  ■"""'  regents  arc 
"»;'"•  ;t.  *  *  The  right  of  pr  sSip  rin  e,.;  "'  ""  """""  '■•'""  -'-^- 
'•'Hied  to  one  religious  body,  wou  ,1  invohe'co  .•'""''  ''  ""  ''"'^  '"'"''''^  ^'oi,- 
''.Kl.e.s  AVhat  is  conceded  to  tl  P  ot  s  ^  ,  T  T'^'r".?'  "'"  """•'  ^«  '^^  '^'""i-'^r 
^Vl.at  is  conceded  to   Methodists  or  iC  hv        '  ^ ''"'^'"^^'   ""^^^  ^^'^'Hv  claim 

o'lnally  elaim.      Xay,  what  is  2Z^^l^;:Zl  ""  ;"'"'  '"'"^"^^-^  --'«  'W 
Iliosc  who    belong  to  no  sect.      *      *      ! ?  ^^'^  -^"^  ^«ets  n„,st  be  conceded  also  to 

'omn.itting  an  institution  of  learnin.Mool'ee;^'''''''''-'''^   alternative   is   that  of 
tntions^f  course,,  are  committed  to"niue  "t  al,  v'  "'  *'  "''"^  '''  ""•      ^^'^te  iusti- 


106 


Statistics  ov  Michigan. 


(it  V|:itNMK\r   OI'  TIIK   tNIVKIlsm. 

The  povcniliiK  jjowcr  of  llui  I'nivcrHlty  Is  roi)os(>(l  in  a  l-;>:ir(l  of  clfjht  Ilojfontu, 
elected  by  the  people  of  tlie  State  at  liirjje.*  Tlie  leirents  <'.\erclse  le;;l!*lullvo 
aiul  general  oxeeutlve  power  over  the  Institution,  independently  of  the  Stute 
Legislature. 

Mirt  ATION   AXl)   niIl.l>lN(iS— IMVKUSITY    IIAl.t.. 

Tl'e  site  of  tlie  I'nlverslty  is  a  tract  of  forty  acres  of  land,  donated  liy  citl/ens 
of  Ann  Arbor  for  the  purpose,  within  tlve  minutes'  wallv  of  the  principal  busi- 
ness part  of  the  city.  As  originally  designed,  there  were  to  be  four  main  build- 
ings, whidi  were  to  serve  as  dormitories  and  for  general  collegi!  jjurposes.  i)n(i  of 
these  buildings*,  la  which  the  university  worlv  was  tlrst  begun,  was  conmienceil  in 
1837,  and  another,  distant  from  the  first  147  feet,  was  built  some  years  later. 
The  abandonment  of  the  dormitory  system  contributed  to  a  cliange  of  jdan,  and 
■when  a  legislative  appropriation  In  1871  permitted  the  work  to  be  undertaken, 
what  is  now  "University  Hall"  was  constructed  by  ijuildlng  uj)  the  Intervening 
space  between  the  two  bidldings  mentioned,  which  are  called  tlie  wings,  giving 
au  entire  frontage  of  Ml  feet,  llie  center  portion  having  a  deptli  of  110  feet,  and 
tho  wings  40  feet  each.  From  the  basement  to  tlio  summit  of  the  dome  is  i-lO 
feet.  This  commodious  edifice  coLlains  tlie  chapel,  34  by  '30  feet,  the  principal 
hall  for  use  on  commencements  and  other  public  occasion?,  80  by  128  feet,  lilirary, 
museum,  recitation  rooms,  ollkes,  etc.    The  cost  of  the  new  building  was  $105,000. 

nKPAUTMENTS   AND  COLHSKS. 

The  University  comprises  three  principal  departments:  Tho  Departnieitt  of 
Literature,  Science,  and  the  Arts;  the  Department  of  Medicine  and  Surgery;  and 
the  Department  of  Law.  The  schedule  of  dijilomas  granted,  which  appears  below, 
shows  tlio  academic  and  special  courses  comprised  in  tho  Department  of  liiterature, 
Science,  and  tlie  Arts.  The  School  of  Mines,  established  during  the  past  year, 
comes  within  the  same  department.  An  important  adjunct  of  this  department 
also  is  the  Astro,  omical  Observatory,  which  is  more  particularly  noticed  else- 
where. 'J'lio  llomeopathic  Medical  ('ollege,  and  llie  Dental  School,  also  estab- 
lished during  1875,  natnrallj^  connect  themselves  with  the  Department  of  Medicine, 
although  the  former  has  no  recognized  connection  with  that,  more  than  with  any 
other  department  of  the  I'niveisity.  The  Resident  CJraduate  course  is  open  to 
all  graduates  for  the  pursuit  of  the  higher  bran  lies  of  learning. 

TIIK   ASTRONOMICAL  OUSKKVATUKY. 

The  Astronomical  Observatory  is  situated  on  au  eminence  a  short  distance  from 
the  University  grounds.  It  is  known  as  the  "Detroit  Observatory,''  on  account 
of  the  liberal  contributions  made  by  citizens  of  Detroit  towards  its  erection.  The 
renown  whicli  the  Observatory  has  aciiuired  under  the  directorship  of  Prof.  Wat- 
son, a  graduate  of  the  L'niversity,  who  lias  held  tlie  position  of  Director  for  many 
years,  renders  any  description  of  the  Observatory  unnecessary.  Seventeen  new 
plnnets  (new  to  astronomical  knowledge)  had  been  discovered  by  Prof.  Watson  up 
to  1874. 

I.UmAltY   AND  MUSEUM. 

In  1872  the  L'niversitj-  library  proper  was  reported  at  about  22,000  volumes; 
Medical,  1,500;  Law,  3,000.      Three  or  four  societies  also  had  libraries,  so  that  the 

*  Vulo  note  to  last  vrpceiUng  page. 


Educatiox. 


107 


irtiiicut  of 


","""',  '"''  "f  I'""!"'   »•«"  "llinatcl   „t   :m.00O.      (>i„i,l,.,al,l„  ,„|,||,|„,„  hnvn 

"::,„;:Tv";,:i  t";;'""? '""' '" '  "■  '""■■■  -' '■" "•"■  »< «"-  ,s 

iH  niinu.illy  mn(l«  for  tlio  impinvciiicnt  of  tho  liliiiiiy 

Tho    ,nns..n.n   1.   rid.ly  ..,m1„«,..1  with    bot.u.lnil,  /oOloffioal,  ireolo-ical    miner- 

ADMISSION   OK   WOMKN. 

The  UnlvoFHlty  was  n'oned  to  young  women  in  1870,  aii.l  its  reports  .inoo  Bhow 
n  crc'ltablo  representation,  both  of  students  and  graduates. 

«>KAI)UATE8  FItOM   TIIK  IIKIII   SCHOOLS. 

Into  nln'r'"' .'"'■'""  *'r  ""'"'\«^''««>«  "f  "»«  I'iKl'^T  class  in  the  State  are  recolvod 
Into  tlie  Irexliman  da^s  at  tlie  University  without  examination. 

IKES  AND  OIIAKOES. 

Tlie  only  tharps  made  l,y  tlie  University  f,  students  are:    To  residents  of  tho 

no::'..;;".:'';;::'""  r  "'*'«'  -"''  '^^  -'-^'•'ents,  «.r,,  an,,  an  annua.  iTom 
f  on  all  students.     A  person  ouee  matrie.dat.d  is  entitled  to  permanent  member- 

nnnualfor'  '*^^^"""'""^'   ^'"  "'"^  f'"*'-"  >--""^'-'   1-'"^'   ^1-   payn.ent   of  the 

An'ROI'HI^TIONS. 

The  State  has  extended  aid  to  the  University  as  follows: 

1838,  lo.an,  for  building  purposes siuinnnn  no 

]8(i7,  20tlM.ull  tax,  two  years  ♦  . .    Zl^C  en 

■87?'  2.','i"r';;^i»''";"I^"''ti'">  of  .fl5,()00Vfour"ycars;'to"l873::::    (loioOO  00 
18^1    |.Jo,500  for  two  years.  f„r  building  hall  ..   '  70000  00 

87''  5olh™nM\  ?  ^^o  .''h.V^'''"'"'  "']'•  fM"'''^*  <lefl"elt"«13,606    IsfiOO  fS, 
"     to  pay  outstanding  iudebtedne^s.i. '    ". y/J^  no 

"  !!;rJ:;;:;!;f,!rs.j^-^:j'^^--::''^^^^  «a 

"     for  hospital  ana  supplies '        tS  on 

"  for  Homeopathic  coueget "--.".■::::.:::::::::::::::  off  So 

KicsorncEs  and  expenses. 

The  revenue  of  the  University  is  derived  chiefly  from  the  following  sources: 

Interest  fimd,  per  year cis  nnn 

20th-mi]l  tax,  per  Vear ^:]?f°^ 

Honieopathio  {;ollege,  per  year! ". /^ 

tetudents' fees  and  diplomas ''"I'" ..'.[[[.' .[[[] so'ooo 

■^'"^"^ $100,000 

The   receipts  from    the   interest  fund  will  vary  but   little   from  year  to  year 
although  ,t  ,s  expected    that   the   receipts  from  the  20th-mill  tax  whl   be  coS 


Avhich  $88,970  is  for  salaries, 


*  By  roininuatioii. 

t  Annual  npproprhuiou  until  changed  by  tho  r.ogislaturc. 


108 


I  I 


Statistics  of  Michigan. 


VAhUK  OF  I'ltOPKUTY. 

The  property  of  the  University  is  valued  as  follows: 

Heal  EitUUc: 


Personal  Property  : 

Libraries 

Observatory  apparaliLS 

Chcmicfil  " 

Fine  art  oollection 

Mlneralogioal  (•ollcclion 

-Anatomical  collection 

(icolofiical  coiled  ion 

Zoolojrical  collection 

Uotanical  collection 

Miscellaneous  collection 

Apparatus,  pliysics  and  eng, 
Hospital  supplies 


$r)0,noo 

■.'(l,0(K) 
■-'II.IMK) 

ir),()(«) 

1(1, (KH) 
lU,(Kt() 
8,(H)0 

n,(XM) 

'2,()()0 

;i,(K)o 

7,0(10 
•-',500 


Total 1148,500 


Laml  (40acres).. $30,000 

rniversity  Hall  (centre) lft^,0(K) 

N'ortli  anil  soutli  buildings  (wings).  '20,000 

Law  l)uilding 25,0(X) 

Medical  building .'wiooo 

Astronomical  Observatory 20,000 

(;lie(nical  Laboratorv 10,000 

Four  dwellings '. 32,000 

Hospital !),5oo 

Water  works .5_ooo 


Toliil $.111,500 

Total  personal 148,500 

(irand  total $1«0,000 

The  foregoing,  except  the  items  for  water  works,  hospital,  and  liospital  sup- 
plies, whieli  were  provided  for  by  the  last  Legislature,  is  taken  from  the  report 
of  tlie  Superintendent  of  rid)lic  Instruction  for  1873,  based  upon  an  estimate  sub- 
mitted at   the  dedication  of  University  Hall,  in  November  of  tliat   year. 


I 


8UM.MAUY  OF  STUDENTS. 

Tlie  whole  number  of  students  attending  for  each  of  the  vears  named  (closing 
June  30)  was:  1870,  1,12G;  1871,  1,110;,  1S72,  1,221;  1873,  1,13G;  1874,  1,112;  1875, 
1,193.  '     '       ^ 

The  number  of  women  attending  during  the  same  years  (but  indutled  in  the 
foregoing  figures)  was:    1871,  34;  1872,  (J4;  1873,  88;  1874,  04;  1875,  122. 

Thirty-three  States  and  territories,  Ontario  (Canada),  Hawaiian  Islands,  Japan, 
Natal  (South  Africa),.  Siberia,  and  Eiissia,  were  represented  in.  the  eatalogiio  of 
1875.  The  proportion  of  students  resident  in  Michigan  during  tlie  past  flvc°years 
has  averaged  about  40  per  cent,  of  tlie  whole,  but  classified,  the  per  cent,  woull 
be  about  as  follows:    Literary,  GO;  medical,  38;  law,  33. 

TABLE  OF  CrltAIKATIOXS. 

The  following  table  sliows  the  number  of  graduates  from  the  Department  of 
Literature,  Science,  and  the  Arts,  from  1845  to  1850,  both  inclusive,  and  the  num- 
ber graduated  each  year  in  each  department  since  that  time: 


YEARS. 

i. 
If 

r 

02 
10 
!» 
11 
21 
15 
20 
27 
2!» 
2(1 
22 
.'17 
37 

If 

•3 

£  H 
a  o 

o 

*"  .s 
"(i 

27 
34 
41 
23 
30 
27 
27 
24 
21 

4;i 

3!) 

o    . 

1 

1845-50... 
1851 

""It; 

40 

44 

1 

.02 
1(1 
3(i 

1852 

18,53 

45 

1854 

()*> 

1855 

18,5(1 

1857 

1858 

185!) 

ISfiO 

18G1 

1802 

.... 

""'7 

11) 
l.i 
13 
10 
10 

.... 

2 

.... 

40 
.50 
(il 
75 
(!3 
74 
13(i 

i;«) 

YEAliS. 


]8(i3. 

mu. 

1805. 
lS(i(i. 
1807. 
1808. 
INK). 
1870. 
1871. 
1872., 
1873.. 
1874.. 
1875.. 


%H 

(m        . 

-  >. 

o 

O 

tn 

i& 

a,  a, 

to 

_  c 

«   ^ 

^■= 

-5  ■< 

—  ^ 

l-F 

|5 

Zl 

4 

1" 

^ 

w 

So 

ft"' 

23 

0 

3 

.32 

.»•> 

3 

I 

,50 

IW 



5 

(i 

(iO 

.31 

(> 

0 



07 

20 

10 

7 

HO 

.34 

5 

15 

70 

23 

0 

12 

12 

!»4 

41 

(i 

10 

13 

»>.» 

81 

,33 

0 

7 

14 

18 

78 

5. 

7 

12 

11 

5 

81 » 

40 

15 

12 

11 

<) 

01 

,35 

12 

13 

14 

20 

71 

42 

21 

18 

20 

18 

71) 

45 1 
05 
70 1 
10.3 
141 
145 
122 

no 

117 
142 
123 
120 
130 


109 
141 
175 
213 
204 
278 
272 
205 
273 
323 
.301 
201 
a34 


to 


y72.'''""'''^   "  ""  "'"""  "'°  ''"K''*''-'  ?'"  n"»'"S  engineer  wu.s  conferred  during  the  period   1S07 


.)  1, 


Education. 


109 


|.TO,00(> 
105,000 
20,000 
2,'5,000 
.'W.OOO 
20,000 
10,000 
32,000 
!),f)00 
5,000 

$311,500 
148,500 

$100,000 


ir, 

109 

m 

141 

hi 

17") 

« 

2i;i 

1 

2ti4 

5 

278 

!2 

272 

0 

205 

7 

273 

2 

323 

3 

301 

(t 

291 

U 

334 

NUMIIKU  OF  IXSTUrcroiJS,  AXl)  SALVHIKS  PAID. 

Including  tlie  new  departments  provided  for  durincr  is7-  f. 
professor.,  assistant  professors,  nnj  i.it  "  to"  e m    1^    '  "tIk  7  ''T !'''''-^''' 
an  anmial  salary  of  S4  500  the  r.r<.fn..^..  ''''"['' /'"P^OJ^'-      ilx  President  receives 

ant  prot^ssors  L  ill^:^:  r:^^^;^,^  S^  "  '''''^  '^^  ^"^  -'^*- 
STATE  AGRICULTUEAL   COLLEGE. 

ESTAHLISHMENT  AND  LOCATION. 

The  constitution  of  Michfo-an  iirovidoQ  thm-  i.'vi     t      .  , 
practicable,  provide  for  the  e^thS^^^^^^^^  "  J  he  Legislature  shall,  as  soon  as 

nnce  of  this  provision,  the  I  e^  ,S  ^  „  fsS'  ;^»---ltural  School."  In  pnrsu- 
ment  of  a  State  Agricukm-al  S^ch^l  w l.^i  '  ^^T^  *'"  ""'^  "^"^^  ^^e  ostablish- 
loeated  within   ton^iiles  ^f  W  g,  T    !    Tsl"  h  n'to!)  ""'  ^^^^^  ^« 

l)ody.      The  location  was  made  June  10  V  i  ^  '^"'•''  °^  ^'"^"^^  "^  ^ne 

-Ki  one-half  miles  east  from Ihe  "  j^al  !Ct  tin"'"  °'  '''  ''■'''  '"'''^  ^^^"^ 
timber  at  the  time  of  purchase.  S  soil  i  ^erv^''  acres  only  were  cleared  of 
elay  loam,  peaty  soil  sand  sandv  In .  n  i  'i  ?  "'""''''  ^'"'^''^  '^'^'"^  '''"-^l  ^l^y, 
runs  through  the  farm:  ^  '    "'"'"^  ^'^''''^  '^'-      '^'''«  ««^1  ^-^^ar  river 

WHEN  OPKNKl). 
OOVEKNMKNT. 

The   management   of  the    institution  wns    h,   i«f'i    ^ 
Board  Of  Education  to  a  State   BoanH^^,,     It^u^:^    '^fr"'  i"-'"    V", '^^^^ 
porate.  consisting,  besi.les  the  Governor  of  U^ St     '■,,.,/  •  ,  "  '  ^"'^^  '"'- 

ciiAUACTKK  OF  TiiK  IN  rnrrriox 

tinish  a'i^ursc  of  stu  ^  ^lu^nit  ^iZ^"7  n''""'  "'"  ^«"""^"^'^-  I"— «  ^"'l 
i.>  .i.ose  sciences  and  a  ^  ^  "£  !  i^fL^'r "'';""  ''''''''''''  '"^^'™"«» 
trial  pursuits,"   and  re.,uires  tlr  t    •   he  f,i>  -^^:'-'^'"lt"re   and  ld:ulred  indus- 

'■•"wplote  it,  although  students  arc  rece  X  for  L.h'  ""r"^'  '""""  ^'''''''  *" 
select  branches.      The  ToUcge  is  authoii^ ';;;  e:;^;;:' L^^'  *"^  ^'^    ^'"^>'  «^  ' 

MANIAI.   I.AIIOU. 


110 


Statistics  of  Michigan. 


wm 


urilaj'S  ami   .Siindayf!,  and  is  i)ai(l  for  accord iii<^  to  its  valiio  at  a  inaxiimiia  rate  of 
ten  cent!!  an  hour. 

liOAUU  AND  TI  iriON. 

Tlie  institution  is  conducted  on  tlie  plan  of  nialiin;^  tlie  expense  to  students  as 
small  as  possil)le.  Most  of  the  students  board  in  the  college,  and  tlic  law  pro- 
vides that  "in  assessing  the  price  of  board  it  shall  be  so  estimated  that  no  profit 
shall  be  saved  to  the  institution.''      Tuition  is  free. 

KNDOWMEN T,  Al'l'UOri{IATIOXS,  AND  AALl  K  Of   I'ltOI'KUTY. 

The  (^ollegc  has  a  permanent  endowment  fund,  derived  from  lands  donated  by 
the  act  of  Congress  in  1802,  which  gave  to  each  state  public  lands  to  the  amount 
of  30,000  acres  for  eacli  of  its  senators  and  representatives  la  Congress,  according 
to  the  census  of  1800,  for  the  "  eiulowment,  support  and  maintenance  of  at  least 
one  college,  whore  the  leading  object  shall  be,  without  excluding  other  scientific 
and  classical  studies,  and  including  militarj'  tactics,  to  teach  such  branches  of 
learning  as  are  related  to  agriculture  and  the  mechanic  arts.*' 

The  income  from  lands  already  sold  is  something  over  $10,000  per  annum.  The 
annual  expenses  of  the  institution  are  about  $25,000,  the  balance  being  made  up 
by  appropria*^'ons  by  the  State.  The  endowment  it  is  supposed  will  be  ample 
for  the  sii,.port  of  the  College  wlien  tl^e  lands  are  sold. 

The  total  amount  of  State  appropriation?  up  to  December  150,  1875,  lias  been 
$440,213.50.  The  value  of  the  property  belonging  to  the  State  at  the  College, 
September  30,  1874,  is  $209,038. 

IMI'ROVKMKNTS   AM)  Ari'AUATUS*. 

The  farm  has  now  six  f.elds  of  about  twenty-four  acres  each  in  cultivation 
under  a  system  of  rotation  of  crops,  barns,  shops,  and  various  kinds  of  cattle, 
sheep,  and  swine.  The  llorticultm-al  Department  has  various  orchards  of  large 
and  small  fruits,  a  vegetable  garden,  greenhouse  and  borders.  There  is  an  excel- 
lent chemical  laboratory  for  students  to  work  in.  an  apiary,  musemns,  and 
libraries. 

UL'ILmXC.S!. 

There  an  on  the  grounds  twent^'-two  buildings  of  all  sorts.  The  three  Col- 
lege buildings  proper  comprise  college  ball,  50  by  100  feet,  boarding  hall,  110  by 
110  feet  in  its  largest  dimensions,  and  dormitory,  CO  by  84  feet,  all  three  stories 
in  height,  the  tirst  two  with  basement.  Tlu-  laboratory  is  51  by  100  feet,  one 
story  and  basement.  The  greenhouse,  as  designed  and  partly  built,  is  25  by  113 
feet,  with  gardener's  rooms  and  potting  room  20  feet  square.  Including  the  Presi- 
dent's house  there  arc^  nine  dwellings  for  professors  ami  lierdsman,  and  tlie  farm 
house       The  other  buildings  comprise  ajjiarv    >hops,  barns,  piggery,  sheds,  etc. 


I 


TKUMS,  ATTKNOANCK,  AND  COUHSE  OF  .STUDY. 

There  are  three  terms  in  each  year,  so  arranged  that  nearly  all  the  vacation 
time  is  in  winter. 

There  has  been  a  steady  growth  in  the  nur.ber  of  students.  There  were  in 
1875:  llesldent  graduates,  5;  seniors,  10;  Jun!r»s,  21  ;  sopiiomores,  21;  freshmen,  82; 
specials,  11.      Total  150. 

The  College  has  graduated  one  hundred  and  twenty-lhrce  students,  about  40  per 
cent,  of  whom  are  engaged  in  agriculture. 

No  other  courses  than  one  of  general  and  agricidtural  education  have  as  yet 
been  established. 


Educatiox. 


Ill 


DKN'OMIN'ATIOXAL    AXl)    PKIVATL:    COLLEGES    AXl)    SCHOOLS. 

.vi.iiiux  <'()i,r,i;(ii.;. 

ir...^'','   rll'"'.n   '"'"'"■  ^''"   ™'"'-"l"f  l"«   Methodist   Episcopal   CIuutI..  aiul  is 

r'     f /'"-". r""^'-  <•'■  -^"^•«"'  "'  tl.o  eentr.l  part  of  the    St.lto,  on   the  li  e  Tf 

th    Ceu  ra    ra.lroad.      The  gro.nuls  oon.prlso  about  flfteen  acres.     Ther,    are      .re 

4b   In  80,  40  by  100,  and  47  by  80  feet.      Tlie    ii.stitntion  does   „or    aim    to    be  -x 
".nvers.ty   but  .nal<es  its  collegiate  courses  full  an<l  thorough.      It  ooumri^es     oth 
male  and  feuiale    departu.ents.      The    atte.ulauce   for   the   collegiate   v     r^^.i.l 
Juue    18.,,  was:    Juuiors,  G;    sophou,ores,  13;    freshmeu,  25;   prc^arato r  -     ,,        o  f- 
erva  ory  ot  n.us.c  04;   dcpartu,ent  of  flue  arts,  12;  book-k;eplug  aud  pV  nna.'.shii 
44.      .he    tu.t.on  ,n  the   preparatory  and   collegiate   studies,  is  free.      There    ue' 
^rne    incu  ental  foes  and   charges  IV.r   nu.sic,  painting,  and  ;ther  special  s  udie' 
Ihe  a^erago   annual  expenses  to  oaeh  student,  ir>luding  board  in  the  institution 
but  not  inchuhng  n.usic  and  painting,  are  fron,  .<J175  to°$250.     The  fac.dty    o    is  s' 
of  n.ne  members.      Value  of  property,  about  $85,000;    liabilities,  $18,000.      Leone 
during  the   year,  |10,G08;   paid  teachers,  etc.,  $9,228.      A  sinking  fund  is  pro  ■  del 
winch  It  IS  thought  will  liquidate   the  indebtedness   in   ten  ve!ars.      Kev   Geo   B 
Jocclyn  is  president.  '  "  ^°'  "■ 

AUUIAN   COI.I.KCii:. 

This  institution  is  located  at  Adrian,  a  city  of  Kl.OOO  inhabitants,  the  capital 
o  Lenawee  county,  in  the  southeastern  part  of  the  Stare,  on  the  line  of  the  J  ake 
hhore  and  Michigan  Southern  railroad.      It  was  founded  in  1859  by  tlie  Wes/e  an 

the  Me  liod.st  (.hnrch.      The  grounds  contain  about  twenty  acres.      Five  buildin"s 
are  contemplated,  four  of  which  have  been  built.      The  institution  is  for      e     if 

;:;':he"^.^M  -^^'^  ^*"'  /t^'"^  *"°  '^"■■""^^'■^  ^-^  boardi;;g'^i;:rf  t^^  u^ 

o    the  >cxes  being  separate),  and  will  accommodate  at  present  about  225  students 

t^:T'Zl  'r: '"""" ""'-  '^^^  ^^"^-^  ^'^^'"-  --  ^'«'  -"-»'-'•  ^^  S- 

.   ON  3. .       lotal  graduates  fur  previous  years,  121.      Ten  professors  and  teachers 
:"•<    employed.      Exclusive  of  the  endown.e.  t  fund,  the   assets  of  the   institution 
jnc  ud.ng,    grounds    l.dldings,   t^n-niture,  apparatus,   nn.sical   instrumentr    ^^  ^^ 

;  te  :.s      's        -T  T"   ^'""   *''''*^""-      '^'""   -"-vn.ent  fund   upon  Mhich 

n.teiest   IS   paid   promptly  amounts    to    about   sS80,000.      The   inco-ne   from    other 
sources  IS    about  $2,500  per  annum.      There  is  a  t.'dtion  fee  of  I'^r    ei  n    w i  , 

ncidental  exiK^nses  and   charges  for  special   courses.      .{o.„„  .-out.  $2  50  to  $5  pl 
term;   board,  $:i  per  week.      Kev.  G.  IJ.  McElroy  is  i,resident.  ^ 

IIOIM';   COI.LKCJK. 

is  ,1^^  i'"*.tit<.tion  under  the  patronage  ami  auspices  of  the  Dutch  Reformed  Church 
located  ,n  the  city  of  Holland,  Ottawa  county,  and  is  an  outgrowth  of  tl^  et-' 

vas  inlSol       I    has  three  departments:    Preparatory,  Academic  <.r  Colle-iate   and 
eolog.cal.      The   aggregate   munbcr  of  its  graduates  has   been:    From  the' pe- 

iastnictors  employed  is  n/^e.  who  a^s^mellnr^ld^i  in  tli:  ^::Z.:^^ 


by 


omc   of  tlio  oldtT  st.uicnts.      The  value  of  real  estat 


college  is  about  $25,000.  and  of  othe 


r  proi)erty  over  and  above  Incumbi 


e   occupied  by  the 


anco,  about 


112 


Statistics  of  Michigax. 


tilO,000.  Tlie  amount  of  endowniciit  i)ai(l  in  is  al)oiit  $55,000.  The  income  from 
this  and  other  so.nTcs  is  about  §9,000  per  annum.  Kov.  Philip  Plielps,  Jr.,  is 
president. 

KAhA:\IAZ<)U   COI.LKGK. 

This  institution  is  located  at  the  village  of  Kalamazoo,  the  capital  of  Kalama- 
zoo county,  being  on  the  second  tier  of  counties  north  of  the  Ohio  line  and  the 
second  east  o*f  lake  Michigan.  The  ("ollege  is  muler  the  auspices  of  the  Baptist 
denomination.  The  college  site  of  about  five  acres,  with  building,  is  valued  at 
$35,000.  Investments,  $88,000.  The  income  from  all  sources  during  the  year  1875 
'vas  $7,351.  Eleven  instructors  are  employed.  Three  courses  of  instruction,  of 
four  years  each,  are  announced:  Classical,  Latin  and  Scientiflc,  and  Scientific.  The 
charge  for  tuition  is  $0  per  term,  with  an  incidental  fee  of  $2.50  per  term,  and  a 
matriculation  fee  of  $5,  payable  on  admission  to  a  college  class.  Kendall  Brooks, 
president. 

IIII.LSDALK    <  OLLEGK. 

This  is  an  institution  of  considerable  importance,  located  at  Hillsdale,  in  the 
county  of  that  name,  on  the  sonthei'u  boundary  of  the  State,  and  on  the  line  of 
the  Lake  Shore  and  Michigan  Southern  railroad.  It  is  the  educational  center  for 
a  considerable  portion  of  the  northern  and  northwestern  States,  of  the  Free  Will 
Baptist  denomination.      No  report ilias  been  received  from  it. 


OI.IVKT  COLLKGK. 

Located  at  the  village  of  Olivet,  Eaton  county,  in  the  central  portion  of  tlie 
Lower  Peninsula,  near  the  line  of  the  Chicago  and  Lake  Huron  railroad.  It  is 
under  tlie  joint  auspices  of  tiie  Presbyterian  and  Congregational  denomination.. 
The  value  of  buildings  and  grounds  is  stated  at  883,200;  library,  cal)inet  and 
instnnucnts,  $10,250.  The  productive  assets  aside  from  buildings  and  grounds  arc 
stated  at  $107,420.20,  and  of  unproductive  assets,  $37,707.  Fourteen  j)rofessors 
and  teachers  are  employed.  There  are  five  departments,  namely:  The  Collegiate 
Department,  embracing  the  classical,  scientiflc  and  ladies'  courses;  the  Preparatory 
Department:  the  Normal  Department;  tlie  Department  of  Music,  conducted  under 
the  title  of  the  "Michigan  Conservatory  of  Slusic;"'  and  the  Avt  Department.  The 
number  of  students  attending  diu-ing  1875  was  'i",— 155  gentlemen,  and  102  ladles; 
mmiber  graduated,  13— five  gentlemen  an,,         ...     adies. 


BATTLK   CKKi 


..LKGE, 


The  city  of  Battle  Creek,  nearly  midway  Oetwcen  Detroit  and  Chicago,  on  the 
Michigan  Central  railroad,  is  the  lieadcpiarters  of  the  sect  known  ay  Seventh  Day 
Adventists.  They  have  here  an  extensive  publishing  house,  and  in  their  diet  and 
habits  verge  somewhat  closely  on  what  is  known  as  Grahainite  or  vegetarian, 
having  an  establislunent  or  health  institute  conducted  on  this  plan.  Battle 
Creek  College  is  under  the  auspices  of  this  sect  or  denomination,  although  like 
most  other  denominational  colleges,  it  disclaims  any  special  .eectism  in  its  teach- 
ing. The  College  campus  contains  12  acres.  The  only  building  at  present  is  a 
three  story  brick,  built  since  March.  1874,  when  the  enterprise  was  first  formally 
undertaken.  The  institution  compri,ses  four  departments:  Primary,  Intermediate, 
Grammar,  and  Collegiate,  and  reports  eleven  professors  and  teacJiers,  and  an 
aggregate  attendance  tlie  first  year  of  280  pupils,  of  both  sexes.      The  charges  for 


tuition  are  $4  to  $0  per  term  of  twelve  week.--.      Elder  J; 


uiies  White  is  president. 


State   Ixstitutions. 


113 


FKMAI.E   SEMINAKIES. 

..,A"«:;'':'„,"::'™„:r,?t;'',n' '?,f  "'."■r  "t  '"'""■"°'-'  '"•"""">■■'  ■" 

IS  tlio  on  y  one  of  tho«G  tint  rpnr^..f=  f„  *.     T       ."'"*^  ^enunaiy,  at  Kalamazoo, 

This  1.  a'boarciin/Lhoor  o7i  ;i  ro;';L;;rc^^^^^  ^^^^'"^^'^  ^'f-"«"' 

setts,  and  is  under  Presby  eriui  -^IZoT     T.f,      ,^         seminary,  in  Massachn- 
rcal  o«fite    <S70nnn     \r^7''\"  '^"^Pices.      Ten  teachers  are  employed.      Value  of 

OTIIKK   IMtlVATK   SCHOOLS. 

The  report  of  tlie  Suptrinteadent  of  Public  Instruction  for  ifi?^  .        ., 

gives    statistics    obtained    throu.^h    the    school    sup    1       nde^^y    If  'rinv-  t'"    ,' 
denominational  schools  in  the  Stito       Ti,n  v.         I  ^""r«  n«encj,   of    private    and 

have  a  value,  and  are  en    tl  d  to  'a  pl.ce        thi^rn  u    ""^n""'  '""'  ''"*  ^''  "'"^^ 
noted  above  are  not  include  din  t/Ll  «  this  work.     The  colleges  and  schools 

as  follow.:  ""''  '^"'"■'■'-      ^^''  '^gg-'egates  for  the  State  are 

Whole  number  of  schools 

Number  of  teachers  employed ^21 

Xumber  of  iMipils  " --  307 

Amount  expended  for  supi^ort'of "schoois:::::::::::::;;;::;;;;;  ^oj'ig 


XVI.    STATE  INSTITUTIONS. 

CIIAKITABT.E,    REFORMATORY,    AND    P^XAI 
.eoK,,,™  ™,.l,   „c,cs!lly,  ,vo„l,l  l,c   Incomplotr.      Ami  tl,;  S We  L  ^l^  ,^,   , 


KOAHl)  Ol'   STATE   COJIMISSIONERx 

Institntions,  and  defmin-  tlicir  dulios  and  ,)o«o  •«  •  'im  ,  •'  f'\^^''f'''-''''-'tory 
the  bettcnnont  of  ,be  cmuiitiou  o  u^s.:^  Li^u^  ^^^  und  t  H  "'  "'  "'"  ''"'  ^^''^^ 
a  refbnned  and  n.ore  systen.u.zed  ilJa™,!!^         ^^^      '  "'  "^'"'  """'^^^^'  ^''^''^h 


Commissioners  snpervi 


«i() 


II  not  only  of  State  instituti 


igoment.      The  hav  ^Wo,  tu  the  Board 


ons,  but  of  local  poor  houses 


of 


114 


Statistics  of  Michigan. 


i     i 


asylums  and  jiiils.  'VUr-^,-  I;i((,.|-  cumiot  df  ,,)iiis<>  lie  siiccillciilly  iiuli.cd  in  Ihis 
eomicclion,  mik'  rcrcnMicc  is  miido  to  Ijic  law  cslahli-^hiii,;--  llic  (•oiiiinissidii  only  for 
i\u'  pni-posc  of  sliowiiii,-  till-  tendency  to  Ixdler  nietliods  in  the  niana.i-cnienl,  of 
this  class  of  instilntions. 

.M{lf.\N(ii:Mi:M'   AMI   CLASSII'ICAIION. 

la  coiiipilini,'    this  work,  the  title    inider  this  head    is  varied  a  lit  lie  fioni    that 

\yliich  the  title  of  the  law  woidd   snf;<!;est,  for  conv.Miience  of  aiTan-,n nt.      The 

State  Piiblie  School  and  the  Asylums  seem  to  c«)m<^  |iro|.erIy  niuler  the  head  of 
"diaritalilc"  insliimions.  the  Keform  School  uiuler  that  of  "  reformatory,"'  and  th<! 
irisons  under  the  head  of  '-penal;'  It  is  true  that  tlw^  Slate  l'ul.li(^  School  and 
the  Reform  School  are  properly  "schools,"  and  their  rejjorls  have  been  emi.odied 
111  the  report  of  lli(>  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction.  And  so  also,  the  Insti- 
tution for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  and  tli('  lUind,  is  a  schoid.  Hut  tlu*  educational 
character  of  these  institutions  is  exceptional,  and  this  classitlcation  is  adopted  in 
this  work  as  (listin,yfuishin.!>:  them  from  the  <,'eneral  school  system  of  the  Stale. 


I'll 


M 


THE   STATE    ITIH.K;   SCIIOOE. 

This  lustilution  is  1. .rated  about  a  mile  north  of  the  city  Coldwater,  th(! 
oounfy  seat  of  ISrancli  county,  near  the  southern  boundary  of  the  Stale,  ami  nearly 
central  biMween  lake   Erie  and  lake  Michiiran. 

i;sr.vm.isinii:Nr  and  <»it.ii;('T  oi-  tiik  sciiooi.. 

In  the  year  1S70,  a  commission  api)ointed  by  the  Governor  for  the  ])uri)()se, 
visited  nuuiy  of  the  i)oor-houses  in  the  Slate,  and  found  a  lar<;(!  number  of  chil- 
dren in  them,  und(>r  sixleen  years  of  a,<r(>,  iudiscriminately  associated  with  idiots, 
maniacs,  i.roslitules.  and  va,<j:rants.       Their   report  recomniemled    the  classification' 

of  paupers,  and  especially,  that  children  in  the  county  houses,  imd.'r  siM i  years, 

should  1)0  placed  in  a  Slate  school.  The  act  establishiM<;  the  school  was  passe. I  in' 
1S71,  in  conformity  with  the  recommendation.  As  amended  in  1.S7.'!.  it  proviih-s, 
in  subslance,  that  there  shall  b(>  received  as  pn|iils  in  such  school  all  nenlecled' 
ai.d  dependent  children  that  ar(>  over  four  and  mider  sixte'eu  years  of  a,i?(',  and 
that  arc  in  siiilable  condition  of  body  or  mind  to  receive  instruction,  especially 
flioso  maintained  in  tlu'  county  poor-houses,  those  who  have  been  deserted  by 
their  parent-,  or  an>  orphans,  or  whose  parents  have  been  convicted  of  crime.  It 
is  declared  to  be  the  object  of  the  act  to  jn'ovide  for  such  children  tem])orary 
liomes  only,  (uilil  homes  can  be  procured  for  them  in  families.  The  plan  compre- 
hends the  ultimate  care  of  all  children  of  the  class  dcsc,i|„.,|,  and  it  is  made 
unlawful  to  retain  such  children  in  poor-houses,  when  there  is  room  for  tliem  in 
the  State  public  school.  Dependent  orphans,  or  half  or  .bans  of  deceased  soldiers 
and  sailors,  have  the  iireference  of  admission  should  there  be  more  applications 
than  room.  Provision  is  nuule  for  preservin«>:  a  record  of  the  i)arcnlat;('  .and 
history  of  each  child. 

SI  PKiivisioN"  AM)  .Aii/nions. 

The  general  supervision  of  tlu;  school  is  delegated  to  a  Hoard  of  Contnd,  con- 
sistins;  of  three  members,  who  are  appointed  i)y  the  (Jovernor,  with  the  advice 
and  consent  of  the  Senate.  The  IJoard  are  to  appoint  the  superintendent,  nuit- 
rou,  teachers,  and  cotta.i,a'  manaR-ers.      As   an  adjunct    to  aid   in  carryini?  out   the 


design  of  the  school,  w  1 


lich  is   to  provide  i)ermaiient   homes    in  good    families  for 


iced  ill  this 
'ion  only  for 
n;i,i;i'Mi('nt  of 


(■  IVoni  tliiit 
incnt.      'rii(( 

(111'  liciid  of 
iry,"'  :ui(l  tlui 

School  and 
'M  cniliodicd 
o,  (he   Inwti- 

cdiicMdoniil 
!  iidoptcd  in 
li(>  Stale. 


dwatcr,    th(! 
',  iiiul  nearly 


he  jinrposc, 
ihcr  of  I'hil- 
\\i(h  idiots, 
•lassilication 
Nieen  years, 
as  [)assed  in 
it  providesi, 
11  iipj;iee(p(l 
i)f  iiii;e,  and 
I,  especially 
il(>serled  hy 
'  crime.  It, 
t(Mn])()rary 
liiii  compre- 
it;  is  made 
for  (hem  in 
sed  soldiers 
iipplicatlons 
enlaft'e    .and 


ontrcd,  eon- 
die  ail\  ice 
ndent,  iiiat- 
ni!,'  out  tlic 
aiiiilics  for 


*     « 


*4 


State  Institutions. 


115 


Ciidi  chilli,  the  Board  is  ompoworcd  to  appoint  an  ajjont,  m1io,«c  duty  it  is  to  soo 
to  linding  liomes  for  tliese  children,  to  apprentice  them,  and  keep  a  general  over- 
sight of  tlicni  by  visitation  or  correspondence.  As  a  furtlier  adjunct,  the  Gover- 
nor IS  empowered  to  appoint  an  agent  for  each  county,  who  is  to  he  Icnown  as 
the  Agent  of  tlie  Board  of  State  Commissioners  for  tlie  general  supervision  of 
charitable,  penal,  pauper,  and  reformatory  institutions,  who  ehail  assist  tlie  o-eneral 


agent  in  all  his  work 


INTKBNAL  (iOVEKNMENT. 


The  system  upon  which  the  institution  was  organized  is  that  of  the  "fimily" 
and  "congregate"  combined.  The  children  eat,  work,  and  attend  school  to-ether 
but  in  all  other  respects  live  as  families  do,  except  that  they  are  somewhat  larger' 
being  divided  into  families  of  thirty  members,  each  family  being  under  tlio  carJ 
of  a  "cottage  manager"  whom  the  children  call  "auntie,"  who  is' supposed  to  care 
for  them  as  a  mother  would.  She  looks  after  their  clothing,  sees  that  they  are 
regularly  bathed,  attends  to  the  disciplining  of  them  in  all  minor  cases  <rives 
them  moral  and  religious  instruction,  conducts  family  worship  with  them  80*1168 
their  little  quarrels,  and  sympathises  with  them  in  their  sorrows.  The  relation- 
ship. In  time,  becomes  very  much  like  tliat  between  mother  and  child,  and  brother 
and  brother. 

OCCUPATIOX  AND  INSTRUCTION. 

Each  child  of  sufficient  years,  is  expected  to  work  three  hours  every  day.    Some 
work  on  the  farm,  some  in  the  dining  room  and  kitchen,  while  others  make  shoes, 
braid  straw   hats,  make    their  own   clothing,  work   in   tlie   bakery,   engine   room 
laundry,  etc.      The  value  of  their  labor  is  deemed  of  less  importance  than  the  for- 
mation of  industrious  habits,  which  will  in  time  make  them  self  supporting 

The  children  are  required  to  attend  sdiool  from  three  to  five  hours  p'^r  day 
according  to  their  ages,  and  the  school  hours  are  divided  into  sessions  to  accom- 
modate the  work.  Tlie  best  books  and  teachers  that  can  be  procured  are  furnished 
them,  and  their  progress  in  study  is  quite  satisfactorv.  A  Sunday  school  is  main- 
tained, mostly  by  the  assistance  of  ladies  and  gentlemen  from  Coldwater  The 
School  has  a  small  library  of  4G0  volumes,  with  -     .vision  for  its  annual  increase. 

BUILDINGS,  GROUNDS,   AND   Al'l'ROl'IlIATIONS. 

The  buildings,  ten  in  number,  comprise  a  main  building,  eight  cottao'es,  and 
hospital,  all  of  brick.  The  buildings  are  steam-heated,  lighted  witli  gas,  and  have 
good  bath.i.g  f-icilities.  The  cost  of  land  (41  acres),  buildings,  furniture,  etc.,  will 
be  about  $loO,000,  furnishing  accommodations  for  240  children.  The  appropri- 
ations for  construction  and  maintenance  have  been:  LS73,  PC,5,50:  1874  851  450 • 
1875,  «70,4G5;187G,  $30,000.  '         '       '   ^°'*'  ^•'^'J^"' 

RESULTS. 
The    School  was   opened  in  May,  1874.      Up  to  the  close  of  the  year   1875,  2G5 
children  had  been  received,  of  whom  82  had  been  indentured  to  good  families. 

INSTITUTION  FOR  EDUCATING  THE  DEAF  AND  DUMB,  AND    THE 

BLIND. 

LOCATION,  ESTAHLISIIMENT,  AND   CHARACTER. 

This  State  institution  is  located  at  Flint,  in  the  county  of  Genesee,  sixty  miles 
narth   bearing   west,   from    Detroit.      Tlie    act   establishing   the   institution   was 


f 


1V\ 


STATiiSTICS   OF   MiCIIlCJAN. 


passed  ill  1818,  and  tho  scliool  was  first  opened  in  1854,  in  a  leased  l)ididin^'.  It 
Is  a  sdiool  in  coninion  for  deaf  nintcs  and  for  the  l.lind,  rather  from  niolivos  of 
economy  Ihim  from  any  relation  wldcli  tii.;  two  classes,  or  the  methods  for  tlieir 
care  and  instrnetlon,  hear  to  each  otlior. 

CONDITIONS   OK   ADMISSION   AND  ATTENDANCK. 

Tnition  and  boar<l  are  free  to  all  residents  of  the  State,  and  tho  trnstees  arc 
mithorized  to  assist  indigent  persons  in  the  way  of  clothing,  etc.,  to  the  anionnt 
of  forty  dollars  per  nnnnm.  Persons  from  without  the  State  may  be  admitted 
upon  payment  of  such  amount  as  will  cover  tludr  care  and  keejiing.  The  county 
poor  authorities  are  rcfjuired  to  place  all  deaf  and  dnmb,  ami  blind  i)crsons,  under 
their  charge,  wlio  are  between  the  ages  of  ten  and  twenty  years,  and  of  sound 
mind,  in  tlio  institution.  OlHcial  steps  arc  taken  each  year  for  ascertaining  the 
residence  of  deaf  mutes  and  blind  i)ersons,  and  notifying  their  friends  of  "lieir 
right  to  tlie  benefits  of  the  institution. 

NUMIJKIl  OI'  INMATES. 
The  number  of  inmates  at  tho   close  of  each  school   year  for  the   years  named 
was:    ]8(ir),  94;    180(1,100;   1807,110;    LS08,liy;    1809,  i:J5;'  1870.  l.'iO;    1871    148-  187-'' 
150;    187:t,  104;    1874,191;    1875,   225.  '        '' 

HLII.D1NGS   AND  fiUOt'NDS. 

The  actual  work  of  constructing  biuldings  for  the  institution  was  begun  in  1853. 
The  principal  buildings  of  the  institution  now  are:  Front  building  43  by  72  feet 
with  east  and  west  wings,  each  28  by  00  feet;  center  building,  40  bv  00,' and  east 
and  west  wings,  each  50  by  70  feet ;  main  scliool  building,  52  by  54,  with  two 
wings,  each  25  by  00  feot.  All  of  these  buildings  are  four  stori(-s  in  height,  except 
tlie  center  of  the  front  building,  which  is  live  stories,  including  basement.  The 
other  buildings  are:  Boiler  and  engine  house,  wash  bouse,  dry  house,  ironing 
house,  cabinet  shop,  barn,  pnnii)  house,  well  house,  and  othei  necessary  outhouses 
The  total  value  of  buildings  is  $358,045,  and  of  land  (about  88  acres),  til7,570. 

TEACIIEIJS   AM)   ATIDXDANTS. 

Including  the  Principal,  there  are  ten  teachers  employed  in  tlie  Deaf  and  Dumb 
department,  and  four  in  the  Klind  dep.artnient.  besides  the  matron  and  her  assis- 
tants, who  are  not  enumerated  as  teachers. 

OC'CLI'ATIOXS. 

The  deaf  mutes  (boys)  are  taught  cabinet  making,  shoe  making,  and  i)riiiting. 
and  the  girls,  sewing,  knitting,  printing,  and  kitchen  and  lamidrv  work.  The 
blind  boys  are  taught  basket  making,  and  some  of  tho  girls  are  tau->'lit  sewiu"- 
knitting,  and  bead  work.  "  "' 


Eil"  ■! 


I 


CAKE  AXli  TKEATMKXr  OF  TUE  IXSAXE. 

MICIIICAN   ASYLUM    I'UK    JIIE   INSANE. 

The  first  step  taken  by  the  State  towards  making  provision  for  tlie  insane, 
was  in  1848,  when  the  Legislature  passed  an  act  establishing  an  asvluni,  and  hence 
has  grown  the  Michigan  Asylum  for  tlie  Insane,  at  Kalamazoo.  "tIic  Asylum  as 
now  completed,  consists  of  two  distinct  buildings,  each  complete  in  itself,  which 
are  designated  as  Male  and  Female  Dejuirtments  respect ivelv.  Tlie  capacity  of 
the  former  is  280,  and  of  the  latter  300  patients. 


l)llil(]i|l|r.         It 

111  niollvos  of 
jods  for  their 


1  trustees  arc 
0  the  iiuiount 
bo  iidiiiitteil 
Tim  couiitj' 
)ortioii.s,  under 
and  of  80un(l 
ertiunin<?  tlie 
nds   of  tlieir 


years  nanieil, 
S71,148;  ]87->, 


egun  in  1851!. 
13  by  72  feet, 
CO,  and  east 
54,  with  two 
ei<?ht,  except 
Miient.  Tlie 
)use,  ironing 
■y  outhouses, 
f  17,570. 


af  and  Dumb 

nd  her  asjls- 


nd  i)rintinji;. 
work.  Tlie 
ij;iit  sewiii";. 


the  insane. 
fi,  and  hence 
3  Asylum  as 
itself,  whidi 

capacity  of 


,i 


V 


'/, 


y 


v. 


[ii 


l<^-  M\ 


5:1 1: 

•iil  •: 


III 


State  Instituti'^t^s. 


iir 


PLAN  AND  CONSTUUCTION. 

insane   unanimously  ndon  ed   by   t  e  Tl     ?"     ^"'^^•'S^^^"*  «f  h^^^Pitals  for  the 
American  Institutions  fo    the  In.a'l    ""'ZT  -  "^    «"Penntenclents   of 

.riC,  .ith  stone  tHmmin::;\n:r:;:stri::;ur^1rta„;:;ar'^  ^^"""""^^"  ^^ 

COST  OP   HUILDINGS,  GROt^NDS,  AND  MAINTENANCE 

kit^::;t!^.X.x;t.;:;f  ::::fu'"^  ^'^^•--^  ^^-^--^  -eh  as  chapei, 

ing  i.ouse,  otc'/all  funfi^,    f  L      mpl etT  I.ulTo/'r'"'  ";^;'"?-'^  '^"•^'''  P^''^' 
173.90,  fully  tweutv-flve  nor  ronf    „°™P/?*^' .^'"^  ^»»  a«cs  of  hand,  is   about  $727,- 

eiable  decline  had  ta.en  1^;:^:^  tl^  ^t  ^f  ^ t^  StJ^'"'  '''''''  ""^  "^^^^- 

a.f n;i:^:r :;fU::i^;- ;:  rr^t'^^?  ^-^----  -  -  -- 

1,  1875,  the  s„  a  of  «994,7n.32  '"'*  ''^  construction,  up  to  October 

CONDITIONS  OF  ADMISSION  AND  TREATMENT. 

Indigent   patients   are   received  and   treafp.l  ■^^■   tu^  *     i 
the  counties  to  which  they  belonl   on  thl  I  !•«     .        '^'^'^"'"  ^^  *^°  ^^P«»««  ^^ 
the  average  cost  of  n^ainte'i.ate  bd.^  aS  u    J Aal/'r'  ^T  "^'^  •^""^^"*^^^' 

-.;ecessaryciothing,and^re;^::;tS;^^^^^ 

EASTERN  ASYLUM   FOR  THE   INSANF 

substantially  similar  in  uL,  nJn      ^  buildings  has  begun.      They  are  to  be 

The  material  SM"  ie  ti  "'^^^rton:  ''"^'^  ''  "^^  ''•^'"-"•^"  ^^^'y^^- 
Accommodations  will  be  furnished  fo\. 7""'°'^  "'P^'  l^«lt-courses,  etc. 
mated  cost  of  the  complete  l^.m^  ■    ciT  "'""  ^^^  P'*"^"^^^  ""<^  the  esti- 

atea  for  each  ofl^';!^:il;^:^Z^^^S^^^^^O  having  been  appropri- 

TREATMENT  OF  THE  CHRONIC  INS  INF 

I.,  nil  provhio,,,,  tic  cfl^  °  ,.,  bl,    if '"If  r'"^  ""var*  the  olnonlc  l,„ano. 

oou.e  1...  been  „ee,„ea  e„,':L::':"t'„  2'  ,^:;s:  :^,;:,x;;;::,-,  - »'- 

state  refoem  school. 

LOCATION  AND  CHARACTER 
in  ^^^ X^'Z^'^^t::^  T-nsing,  the  capital  of  the  State,  was  estabH.)., 

o(  the  featuresof  a  ^risL         risn;  h;;'"""'''^^'^  '••■^^'"S  -^bout  it    nauy 

pri..ou.     In  1S59  the  nan.e  was  changed  to  the  "State  Reform 


I     i 


1 


School."  The  institution  has  undergone  gi-iuhial  niodiflcation  in  its  government 
and  discipline,  until  all  the  prison  features  have  been  removed  except  those  that 
remain  in  the  walls  of  the  original  structine,  and  which  remain  simply  as  memen- 
toes, without  practical  use.  No  holts,  bars,  or  guards  are  employed.  The  iimiatcs 
are  necessarily  kept  under  surveillance  of  the  oflflcers,  of  which  however  there  is 
little  need,  as  the  attempts  at  escape  are  much  fewer  than  Avhen  a  more  rigid 
discipline  prevailed.  The  lleform  School  is  for  the  detention,  education  and 
reformation  of  boys  between  the  ages  of  eight  and  sixteen  years  who  a i-e  con- 
victed of  light  offenses. 

TlIK   ULILUINCS  AND  TIIEIU  USES. 

The  principal  building  is  four  stories  higli,  including  basement,  and  has  an 
extreme  length  of  2-10  feet,  the  center  a  depth  of  48  feet,  and  the  wings  a  depth 
of  33  feet  each.  There  are  besides  two  "family  houses,"  so  called,  where  the 
more  tractable  and  less  vicious  boys  form  a  kind  of  family,  as  distinguished  from 
the  congregate  life  of  the  institution  proper. 

OCCLTATION. 

The  boys  are  required  to  work  half  a  day,  and  attend  school  half  a  day.  A 
farm  of  228  acres  belonging  to  the  school  furnishes  work  for  many  of  the  boys 
during  the  working  season.  Some  are  employed  in  making  clothing  and  shoes  for 
the  inmates.  The  only  shop  wo»k  carried  on  is  cane-scating  of  chairs.  There  is 
no  contract  labor,  but  all  the  work  is  done  by  the  institution  itself. 

NUMBEU  or  INMATES. 

The  number  of  boys  in  the  school  September  30,  1875,  was  220,  against  243  the 
prev'.ous  year.  This  diminution  is  perhaps  due  in  part  to  a  law  passed  in  1873, 
providing  for  the  appointment  in  each  county  of  an  agent  to  inquire  into  all 
complaints  against  boys,  and  to  return  them  to  their  parents,  or  otherwise  find 
homes  for  them,  if  circumstances  seemed  to  call  for  it,  instead  of  sending  them  to 
the  Eeforni  School. 

GOVERNMENT  AND  MANAOEMEXT. 

The  general  administration  of  the  school  is  by  a  Board  of  Control  appointed 
by  the  Governor.  A  Superintendent  and  Assistant,  Matron  and  Assistant,  two 
overseers,  and  six  teachers  are  employed. 

PIIISONS. 

The  State  prison  at  Jackson  is  the  only  penal  institution  at  present  maintained 
by  the  State.  The  Detroit  House  of  Correction,  although  a  local  institution,  is 
used  to  a  considerable  extent  as  an  intermediate  prison,  to  which  persons  arc 
sentenced  by  the  conns  throughout  the  State  for  minor  offenses.  AVonicn  con- 
victed of  felonies  are  also  sentenced  to  the  House  of  Correction.  An  intermedi- 
ate prison  is  in  course  of  construction  at  Ionia,  Avhlch  will  afford  better  uieans  of 
classifying  oifenders  in  proportion  to  their  degree  of  guilt,  moral  condition,  and 
promise  of  reformation,  in  accordance  with  tlie  advanced  sentiment  of  the  age. 
The  number  of  convicts  in  the  prison  at  Jackson  at  the  close  of  the  prison  year, 
1875,  was  788,  including  persons  convicted  of  capital  crimes,  the  death  penalty 
having  been  abolished  in  Michigan  many  years  ago. 


5  government 
pt  those  that 
ly  as  nicmen- 
Tho  inmates 
ever  there  is 
a  more  rigid 
(lucation  and 
wlio  ai-e  con- 


,  and  lias  an 
vings  a  deptli 
hI,  where  tlie 
ignished  from 


If  a  day.  A 
f  of  the  boys 
and  shoes  for 
irs.      Tliere  is 


rainst  243  the 
assed  in  1873, 
quire  into  all 
stherwise  find 
iding  them  to 


;rol  appointed 
Assistant,  two 


nt  maintained 
institution,  is 
■h  persons  are 
Women  con- 
An  intermedi- 
?tter  means  of 
condition,  and 
nt  of  the  age. 
le  prison  year, 
death  penalty 


Keligious   Organizations. 


119 


XVir.    RELIGIOUS    ORGANIZATIONS. 

At  the  time  of  commencing  this  compilation,  circulars  were  addressed  to  renre- 

rnaut"   t/'""  "'  *■'"  ;'"  '""^"""  denominations,  asking  for  statist  cal  iZ- 
mat  on       Ihe  responses  have  been  so  very  meagre  as  to  be  of  no  practical  value 

RETJGIOUS   ORGANIZATIONS   BY  COUNTIES.* 

"^JS^^  '"'"'  ''"""  the  statistics,  by  counties,  of  the  leading  religious 


organi 


COL'NTIKS. 


Allogiin 

Alpena  

liixvvy 

Hay 

Itcvricn 

Uranoh ].] 

(!alhoun 

Cass 

Clinton .']] 

Eaton [[', 

(ienesco .], 

(irand  Traverse, 
(ii'atiot .. 

Hillsdale .'."; 

Hoiijfliton 

Inf^^ham 

Ionia  

Iosco 

Isabella V.,." 

Jackson 

Kalamazoo 

Kent 

Keweenaw 

Lapeer 

I-eolanaw 

r.cnawoo 

I.ivinjcston 

Macomb 

Manistee 

Marqu<!tto.. 

Tlidland .' 

Monroe 

^rontcalm .  . 

^[iiskcfTon 

Oakland 

Oceana 

Oiilonajfon 

Ottawa. •[__ 

Sa^'inaw 

Sanilac 

Shiawassee.. 

St.  Clair ■.;;; 

St.  Joseph 

Tuscola .." 

Van  ISni'en ."."' 

■Washtenaw 

Wayne 

Other  counties  ...!" 


Knptist. 


4 

2 
14 

fy 

i) 

V.) 

14 

i;j 

!) 
10 

11 
1 

7 
1!» 

a 

7 
s 
1 

2 
IH 

!) 
11 


6,t0 
300 
1,200 
500 
1,!K)0 
2,750 
3,050 
2,500 
1,700 
1,500 
2,275 


l,;i(H) 

4,31 U) 

370 

2,270 

2,100 

2.i0 

200 

4,5.50 

2,800 

2,800 

"i,m 
"iA:ih 

05(1 
],'i50 

2(H) 

41)0 

1,000 

1,000 

•Mm 
5,7m) 

400 


Ccinsrogn- 
liciiiiil. 


Totals. 


308 


750 

i,m) 

500 
1,(H)0 

i,;«n 

1,!)00 
150 
1,!)00 
3,!)- 
3,000 


!)00 
400 
475 

i^wio 

(i50 
070 
000 
700 

2,;ioo 

2,400 
2.50 
125 

1,100 
,i00 
200 

1,000 


1,,500 
3,(HK) 
2,000 

"':m 
175 

l,i).->0 
(WO 

1,700 
«.")0 


.300 
.■!.)0 

;i(K) 
2,a)0 


Kliisi-opul.      Lutlipriin. 


4.W 
200 
].-)fl 

rm 

325 

800 

1,2,50 


250 


«     l,(iOO 


74,100 


415 

1,8(K) 

2.W 

i)00 


1,02,5 

],!)flO 

2, 150 

750 


15(1   38,;i20 


4.')0 
300 
450 
700 


Methodist. 


100 
525 

1,0,W 
300 

1,000 


K50 

800 

1,700 

200 


725 
400 


550 
3(K) 
400 


I'JO 


150 
200 


1.50 


100 


000 

"'206 

.3.50 

3,000 


.500 
300 
350 

""i.50, 

200 

1,700 
.300 


400 

1,100 

!)50 

'"i.56 

l,.3fl0 

4,!).50 

100 


26.750 


1,500 

i^ioo 


fifi 


.300 

1,400 

75 

2.50 
l,(i,-)0 
1,200 

200 

3, 8(H) 

3,.50O 

300 


23.1.50 


28 
7 
.30 
.3(1 
18 
2.3 
14 
22 
43 
7 
8 
.30 
(i 
23 
!) 
5 
8 
2(> 
28 
17 
I 
2i) 
3 
28 
14 
IC 
(i 
3 
4 
13 
21 
8 
2(i 
1.1 
2 

1.3 
2.3 
14 
•10 
20 
18 
31 
12 
17 
30 
47 


864 


1,400 
2(iO 
3,500 
1,200 
4,4.50 
3,400 
4,5;)0 
3,4.50 
3,()00 
2,200 
0,810 
250 
1,300 
5,325 
1, 2(H) 
2,!)(H) 
2,000 
,500 
4(X) 
5,2.50 
8,.500 
3,810 
1,4,50 
4,2,50 

V^ioo 

l,!)(iO 
3,125 

rm 

!).i() 
.5<X) 

3,;r)0 

500 

1,200 

5,8(H) 

1,.3(H) 

3(H) 

!)00 

(),(>00 

!)(H) 

1,7,50 

3,.5,50 

4,8;-)0 

1,2(K) 

3, 170 

7,0.50 

7,770 

3, 120 


Trpsbyte- 
riiui. 


C'litliolii'. 


3 

510 

"h 
3 
3 
4 
0 

0 

'"250 
1,000 
1,100 
],.520 
2,800 
1,300 

4 
5 
1 
4 
« 

"'"006 

2,1.50 

1.50 

400 

850 

140.290 


1,0.50 
1,100 


1,50 
725 
1,100 
1,200 
1.50 
3.-)0 

:m 

2,8,50 
!)50 
5,50 
1.50 
4(H) 
300 

1,.500 


200 
600 


4, 7(H) 


187 


250 

K50 

2,170 

4.50 

700 

400 

2,.5(H) 

2,50 

1,050 

3,4.50 

0,1.50 

0.50 


4S,n25 


ig: 


1,000 

2,300 
SOO 
700 
300 
1,1.50 
300 
1,900 
200 
2.50 
300 
2,500 
4.50 
000 
1.50 
400 
500 
1,100 
2,800 
900 
fifij 
300 
2,300 
8,50 
1,7.50 
400 
3,000 
.300 
3,000 
80 
900 
l,:i50 
400 
fiflO 
776 
3,.500 
KiO 
.5(K) 
2,900 
575 

'"266 

4,000 

11,400 

37S 


62,901 


the  raUnrcaluu-iVy'ofclunc™?''  "'""  r^Pr'-'^outs  the  number  of  organizations,  and  the  second 


i 


120 


Statistics  of  Miciik^an. 


SnOCIAt,  CI.A^Ml'ICATION   OK  CKUTAIN   DKNOMmATIONS. 

Tho  foroKoliiK  tiil)lo  hooiiih  to  liiclnch'  HiiptlHts  and  rrcHhytcrliuiK  of  nil  nhiidoH, 
hut  (lie  tal)lo  Ity  StiitcH  scpuratt's  llicin  Into  "  r('jj;iilfir"  nnit  "other,"  tlio  nuinbor 
of  oija;iini/.titi<)ns  und  Heating  capai-lly  for  tlio  Stato  imdcr  lids  c!  r-;sincatloii  Ixdii^* 
UH  follows: 


Haptlst  (rojtiilav). 

"  (<>II\»M-)... 


»i 


70.140 

:i,<(H) 


I'rcHlivtnrliin  {vcKiiliir). 

"  (tllilCl')  ... 


177 

10 


OTHER  DENOMFNTATIONS. 

Tho  namt>,  number  of  orj^auizalloiiM,  and   scatinj^  ciiiJaclty,  In  tlio  Stato,  of  all 
dcnoniinatlons  not  inoludod  lii  IIk*  foro<^oin>;  table,  are  J4;lveii  as  follows: 


riiriotlati 

KviuiK»'llcnl  Association* 

J'rionils 

Jo  wish 

Horoml  Advent t 

Hi>iritimll»l{ ,. 

Unitiiviiiii 


No.  Oik, 


■IS 
Ift 
10 
A 
80 

an 

7 


Cuinuily. 


%m) 

1,*H) 
4,S40 

i.imi 

1,700 


Morn  V  Inn 

SwiMlciiliornliui 

Hcl'oniic'l  fluii'di  In  Atiu'rlcaj 
Holoniu'il  church  In  (I.  M.ll.. 
UiiiliMl   lii'clhrcn  in  t-hrist.. 

ITnlvCMHllliMl 

Unknown  (union) 


Ni>.  Oi'K. 


1 

;t 

'.'(I 
111 

m 


Ciipncll.v. 


ino 

»7() 

S,7(X) 

•i.HOO 

fi.fino 
760 


*  A  nolo  to  tho  compilor  fram  Itcv.  .T.  It.  Koolor,  of  .lacksou,  slatoH  slalloth-H  of  thJH  (|(<n()nil. 
nation  as  CoUowh:  MouihiMwhii),  4.'2,")S;  pivachcrM  (lllucrcul,  ami  local).  M;  church  ('(lillccH,  M; 
valno  ol  churches.  $lt;!.m0:  pavsonajfes.  ■>!;  Sumlav  Schools.  H'i;  Suiulav  School  Hcholars,  ;i,'210. 

t  Su)iposeil  to  incliulo  the  Seventh  l>ay  Ailven'tlsts.  A  nolo  to  the  couiiillor  Irom  the  Review 
nnil  lleraM,  of  Itatllo  ("reek,  (fives  the  foiiowintt  stallsticH  of  Itiis  ilenonilnation :  Number  )f 
eliurcli"s,  71;  nieinliers,  U.'i-.M:  ministers.  17;  licentiates,  II. 

t  The  numher  of  orttani/.alions  is  iirohahlv  ,ilaceil  lim  IiIkIi,  alllioonh  IncluiiinK  )ilaces  where) 
partial  ai\<i  Infornuil  organizations  have  iieen'niaile,  anil  where  occasional  nieetingM  are  hoM,  the 
nun\her  is  nrohahlv  not  overstated. 


S  l.ate  Dutch  Hel'ormeil. 
V  J.ale  (iorman  Uoformeil, 


Tho  Mholo  nuinbor  of  orjijanizations  of  till  donoiniiiallons  In  tho  State  1h  given 
at  2.2;![>:  odilloes.  l.llo;  spittings,  -inti^jao ;  \aluo  of  property.  «0,i;t3,Sl«. 


iV  :    < 


XVIII.    8CENERY. 


I 


rONDlTIOXH    FAV0UA15LE    TO    KEST    AND    UKCKEATIOY. 

Itoforonoe  has  been  made  to  tho  attractiveness  of  MIohigan  seoncry  for  tourists 
and  pleastiro  seekers.  If  rest  and  roereation  l)o  soiiglit  side  liy  sido  with  what  is 
called  the  comforts  smd  luxuries  of  life,  or  if  reeroatlon  with  physical  exercise, 
and  the  romaueo  of  "roughing  it."  bo  tho  desideratum,  (hoy  can  otiually  bo  had. 

REST  von  Tin:  WKAUY— TIIK   INLAND   LAKl'.S. 

The  large  interior  towns  of  Michigan  alTord  every  facility  for  comfort  and  even 
luxury  of  living,  with    the  advantages  of  rollned   society  and  cliurch   and   school 


t'  all  HhiidoM, 

llio  uuinbor 

•III loll  lusiiig 

177 

10 

'   45,ltW 
,';,(KH) 

Stiit.o,  of  till 


»'K. 

Caimcll.v. 

1 

ino 

;t 

»7() 

'm 

H,7(H) 

111 

•2,H0O 

m 

4,'2l« 

x\ 

ri.ftW) 

.'1 

700 

r  liiiH  ii(<ti()iiii. 
h  (viifii'i'H,  n;!; 
ai'H,  ;i,'ilO. 
Ill  tlio  Uovimv 
i:    Number   )t' 

liliiccH  wlioro 
I  lire  licM,  till! 


iito  1h  given 


lor  tourists 
itli  wliiit  is 
'111  exercise, 
ly  bo  hud. 


rt  and  even 
and   sehool 


S(;kxkiiv. 


121 


•'""" "''I"""*'.      Tliere  are  manv  people,  however   win,    f,-,.,.. 

tlon,   or  .iehllity,  want    oidv  re^^t-lthoJ.    «■  '  "verwork.  proHtrn- 

rUi^»,  IVo.n   the  ,s.„,       or   1,11     ;   ,7  !    '.""       '"    ""■"'"'    '''"'"    ""^  ""''^"    "^ 

;:fr':;r:'ST    f    '■"'?r^ 
'  ■" ■  '"-1."  i-. ;'.";;;:',:,:  ,rr:;,:v;:7,;;,v;:;;i.'. "" 

roiKisiM. 

with iheir aui.:;;.;':^   ': 'ri;;!:,  '';^    'rf "*:""' '^^" '""""^'"- 

to^vn  and  eonnlry,  liehl   and  woodla,!!,."  '        '   """    '"""""""'  ''''•'■^  '''^'•^  ■■'""   '-''y. 

MKANS  OK   nKA^„,^,,   M.r.M.AN   .N„   „„;„    ,.,„N,S  OK   ATTaACTIUX. 

l.e  liad  for   any  dNm  ,,,-  w    h   .  '    u     r  '"'"  '''"''  *•''•'*'  •'""''■"'^  '^  can 

'Von.  the  lowe^  St;:;;;;.:!,!  ,^^.  ^  i"^:;;:^'--;:';'  "■"-,  "y  ;"^i..«  »>oat 

western  extrenilty  of  lak-   S  ii„m. I,.  u    0-«<'f,">    Unllalo,  or    Detroit,  with  the 

^:-   east    do    not    dellro  to  ^V       'l^e:';^^",,""'"-      '''  ''  '""•^"^'^  '^■'"" 

thron^h  Canada  or  hv  the  l..kr«  ,   '"'^'    ""'   "'""crotm   railway   lines 

tl.at   point  ^l    V'r'nJ^Jr')  ^""7"'^  "'  """■"'^'  ^^•"'  •-^"'•^'••^  <""^^'«  '^t 

TIIK   (;|{AM)  TIUVKIiSK   KKfJION. 

-';; ■'-".'«  ;;:;;'»in;,;;«  ;;;;;i;r;;'z,;":;:;':;;;;:;,;;r;.r'T;r 


A  writer 


,r.,i,i,,  (•,,,.  n.     1  i.     ,  "     "...i.tiii   iiuuiii   eleven  niie.^. 


*  I'nif.  AViiicIirll,  n 


I 


I.CI'llUIMW,    1H,)(), 


(•|">rt  on  Ki'soiirccs  of  t( 


H!    fOlllllics    of    AllI 


lini,  (Jraml  'riiivir,- 


10 


HcMi/.ie  iinil 


Igi 


122 


Statistics  of  Michigan. 


in  siii'h  ii  nmmior  as  to  constitute  ('Xtoiidcd  clmniH'i.s  of  inlund  Miivijjiitiou  by  w.-itor. 
CouneotiiiK  with  tiic  cnst  arm  of  tlio  bay  tlnoniili  Eilv  river,  is  Ell<  lalie,  a  body 
of  water  al)out  ten  miles  ion;?,  and  avera^ln^j;  a  mile  and  a  lialf  in  widtb.  I'ass- 
ing  from  tins  we  enter  Itonnd  lake,  al)onl  one-tifth  as  large,  from  widch  we  proceed 
northward  to  'J'orcli  lake,  the  largest  in  tlie  region.  *  •  From  the  east 
side  of  Torch  lake  we  pass  into  (Uais;  lake,  a  narrow  strij)  of  water  stretching 
eastward  into  (Jrass  lake.  From  tlie  latter  we  proc(!ed  northward  through  a 
series  of  .sniail  lakes  called  collectively  Intermediate  lake.  *  ♦  The  remark- 
able series  of  lakes  just  described  is  imvigal)le  for  tugs  and  small  vessels  from  tlie 
east  arm  of  the  bay  to  the  head  of  Grass  lake,  making  a  total  lengtli  of  navigable 
inland  water  amounting  to  eighty  miles."  ('arp,  (Jlen,  and  Flatt  lakes,  and  l.ake 
aux  Bees  Scies  (or  Lake  "Betsie  "),  are  also  inland  navigable  lakes  in  the  immedi- 
ate vicinity  connecting  with  lake  Michigan.  Numerous  smaller  lakes  of  less  impor- 
tance dot  the  entire  region.  The  shore  line  of  navigable  water  aftbrded  by  the 
lakes  named  is  computed  at  one  humlred  and  tlfty-eiglit  miles.  Describing  the 
scenery  at  some  length,  the  writer  last  quoted,  says:  "The  scenery  of  the  Grand 
Traverse  region  is  subdued  and  soft— sometimes  picturesque,  always  beautiful,  in 
some  instances  exq\dsitely  so.  Viewed  from  some  suitable  eminence,  tlie  land- 
scape presents  an  undidating  sea  of  verdure,  one  softly-rounded  hill-top  succeeding 
to  another  in  the  retreating  view,  the  dimness  of  distance  lending  an  ever  increas- 
ing enchantment  to  the  prospect."  An  Indian  reservation  adjacent  to  the  bay,  and 
an  old  Catholic  Mission,  are  the  yliief  historical  features,  and  Traverse  City,  a  vil- 
lage of  about  fifteen  hundred  inh.ibitants,  situated  at  tlie  foot  of  the  bay.  is  the 
principal  capital  of  the  region. 

MACKINAC. 

Mackinac,  Mackinaw,  or.  as  anciently,  Michilimackinac.  describes  generally  the 
point  of  approiich  of  lake  Michigan  and  lake  Huron,  and  will  be  made  to  coinpre- 
bend  a  consideraldc  region  round  about,  or  be  confined  in  its  meaning  to  the  town 
and  island  of  Miickinac,  as  tlie  particular  occasion  of  speech  may  indicate.  It  was 
the  site  of  a  French  Jesuit  mission  as  early  as  ]()72,  founded  by  father  James  Mar- 
quette. A  writer  compares  the  straits,  in  a  lommercial  and  strategical  point  of 
view,  to  Constantinople  on  the  Bosphonis,  tlu?  straits  of  Gibraltar,  Singapore,  on 
the  straits  of  Malacca,  and  the  isthmus  of  ranama.  The  island  and  vicinity  are 
widely  celebrated  for  their  liealthfiihu'ss  and  salubrity,  and  as  a  summer  resort. 
A  physician  (Dr.  Drake)  who  visited  Jlackinac  in  1S42  for  the  ]turpose  of  examining 
the  climate  and  topography,  says:  ."The  three  great  reservoirs  of  dear  and  cold 
water,  lakes  Huron,  Michigan,  and  Superior,  with  tlie  islands  of  Mackinac  in  their 
hydrograiihical  center,  oiler  a  delightful  hot-weather  asylum  to  all  invalids  who 
need  an  escape  from  crowded  cities,  jioludui  exhalations,  sultry  climates,  and 
ofticioiis  medication."  Dr.  Drake  looked  upon  IMackinac  as  one  of  the  li(>althiest 
portions  of  the  whole  north-wejt,  and  to  which,  in  time,  tens  of  tliousands  of  per- 
sons, even  from  the  farthest  south,  would  resort  to  be  reinvigorated  in  body, 
refreslied  in  mind,  and  delighted  with  the  contemplation  of  the  sublime  and  beau- 
tiful scenery  in  that  region  of  expansive  waters,  rocky  coasts,  forest-bearing  lands 
and  clustering  islands.  Indian  mythology  makes  the  island  of  Mackinac  the  home 
of  the  Giant  Fairies,  and  hence  the  Indians  have  always  regarded  il  with  a  species 
of  veneration.  It  is  within  the  recollection  of  persons,  that  the  Indians,  in  pass- 
ing, have  made  otVcrings  of  tobacco  and  other  articles  to  these  Great  Spirits,  to 
propitiate  their  good  will.  Among  the  points  of  interest  on  the  island  are 
"Arched  Bock,"'  "Lover's  Leap,"  "Sugar  Loaf  Bock,"  "Devil's  Kitchen,"'  "Bobinson's 
Follv.""    "l'o!!t!:!c"s   T.riokoijt,"    "Skull    « 'ave.''    cto..    otc.        Tho'-e 


?to..    etc.       Tho'-e    point? 


liiive 


Scenery. 


tJoii  by  wafnr, 
lakr,  a  liody 
rtidtli.  I'ass- 
ili  wo  proceed 
"roin  the  ciist 
;cr  stiftrhiiig 
rd  tliroiigli  a 
'J'Jic  I'cniaik- 
Hsels  from  tlio 
I  of  navi;?al)le 
kcs,  and  Lake 
I  tliG  ininiedi- 
)f  less  iinpor- 
brdcd  by  the 
)eHcribiiijjf  tlie 
of  tlie  (Iraiul 
i  beautiful,  in 
uee,  the  land- 
op  suoceedinfij 
ever  increas- 
I  the  bay,  and 
so  City,  a  vil- 
le  bay,  is  the 


generally  the 
le  to  ('onii)re- 
^  to  the  town 
jate.  It  was 
r  James  Mar- 
?leul  point  of 
Singapore,  on 
1  vieiiuty  are 
inmer  resort, 
of  examining 
•lear  and  cold 
\inae  in  their 
invalids  who 
I'li mates,  and 
he  healthiest 
isands  of  por- 
ted ill  body, 
imo  and  btsui- 
bearing  lands 
nac.  the  home 
vith  a  species 
Hans,  in  pass- 
at  Spirits,  to 
ic  island  are 
'  "llobinson's 


123 


nts 


.^11 


have 


within  the  present  knowledge  of  the  TvL      \  .  I'nprovoment  is  not 

adjaeent  islands   while  loatL  ...     h  ,,,      *''''"'™  "'  ''"'  '"••'!' ^vill  «how  the 

pastln.es.      Tl  o  dl      „,         1  "^  T  ^        ^  "  v   "''^^'''  t'»-'"^<-'lves  as  appropriate 

flfty-six  n.iles   an      ;  m   I  c"ttoit^d  ('n        ""7  ^'"'■'   "''''  ''  ""^   "'°"«'""^  «"<! 
each.  'i>'^'"<»"   l>^ti«lt  ">"l 'hieago  about  throe  hundred  and  fifty  miles 

LAKE   SLI'KKlUIt. 

th7p:sC:.f"irri;'^s;  ^rtirr  .r'"^'''"''  ^"^'^^*'«"  •^'--''  '»-^ves 

miles,  wlfh   its     ikelets    l^.vs    '^.^    .       ^  I  '''  "*""'"'  ''^  ^''''''''''  ^^''^y  ^nd  fifty 

hoids'the  impr:i:n:;;:;:io^^\ :  t;; ::  x^rit^M"'  '^'k  ''-  "«-""" 

French  orthography  correct    the   S  m  t    in  If    I    ,  ''^'  """'  '^  ''"''  ^'"^'^  ^ho 

has  a  history  coova    wUl    H.'c  Xlv  ^   '^^o  ^-^r  o,  vulgarly  called  the  "  Soo," 

at  least  nat'Ional       I  ^^Z^lll^^^^::^:'"''"'''^ ''''''  a  celebrity  which  i's 

mile,  with  a  fall  of  about  el  to,  n  i^t    f,     ^        oxtending  a  distance  of  about  a 

through  the  canal,  >:^i;h  1  f : '  Ss  '^it^'rifriV'T"';  'f"'  """"^^'^  '"'y 

«hicf  natural  feat  u-os  of  lake  W l?!.  ^  ''''*"''  ''"^  ^^^^  ^'**-'''-      '^'he 

waters,  its  rocky        ,    it        '^od   m    v  n'and '""t  '''''^'-y^ T  ""  P"'-''y  «^  ^t" 
ous   elevations  Its   w  iter  f.^s"    ;,?«!,  '"f^J' ^'"'^^ts,  its  hilly  or  mountain- 

arc  its  nWnerals,  ^d  tie  m;uJd;rLS.;:.rrS:  ^Lr*'  ''^^  ^^^^^^"^^^' 

=!-:srt-irfa;:i^J'^^^^^ 

these  qualities  Z  an  i  f  m  i.b  J  o  verv"'"'  T''^'  ""'  '"'"'^  ''^  ^^'^P'^"^""  ^""^  '•^» 
the  lis!  of  vessels  ClM^^Z^J^'nuT  ■^••'>««"^'-'«' "-^^  ^vill  be  seen  by 
favelor  for  pleasn"  It  n^'^  i""-  few  wonl's  "  V,'  '"•^'  ""■"'  ^"^  ""''''■■  ^""^  ""' 
roun.I  upon  whi.-h  I   hue    Hkf.n    tL  1  "'"   ^■''"  ■'^'^'^"  ^^''^^'^  ^'^'^^l  the 

toils  of  followimMhe  0.0  td  w  ,  7r  ''.r "  "'"  ^^'"^"'"^  ^^'•'"'^  ^rom  the 
or  tarry  a  tinn,  ^t  o  ,e  pTaoe  a  d    1  e^n  ^  ""1  ^•""'' ''•"*"  P^*-^™  ^«  J^'^^' 

a.nplo  provision  next  season       *  ff  v"         "'''-'"  '^'.*'"^''  "'"*^  ".ere  will  bo 

lacly  or  gentlo,.,an,  vou  can  iind  it  in  the  ll T  "' .l'""'^'"^  "^  l'l^'"«"'-«.  ^vhother 
be  ploase.l  with  g.'and  so  ,  e.'v  w'  to  V  s  tn«  '^T"'""  ''"""'  ''''''''"'"'  ^'°"  '^"» 
i»  sea..ch  of  agafos  and  c"  I'lrnf  in  "hi  ,  '  of '^^^^^  H""^""^-  ^'«'^  ^^""  -"'^l« 
never  known  one  to  tire  of  the^ani:;:;!     !  ^V^'V  'Z" ^  r^^^'/  '''^^ 

;hct;i:;7;r  ;r -;;  ;r  ^"  ^"^  ^''^^  -^  -a.^;.;  r: :.::;  i-- ::^ 

The  Pigeon  mid  ihc  I'lieasniifs  tliprp 
The  Willi  I>uck,  and  the  ti.ni.l  Haro-' 

fnUnn  snakes!    I  have  never  hoard  of  any  in  the  countrv       Or  tnU-.      ,     l 
which  two  or  three  trials  will  ...-.in  ,.«       I  .         tountij.      Or  take  a  bark  canoe, 

get  tho  'hang'  of   th-u     ,0       ,0    o.V  '"'  '"'  '"'"  '^''''  '''  '""•^'^  ^^^^er  to 

the  caverns  mid   ^ro  toV  w  .1     J?  %'?  '''  "'«  •'^"J''"-''^"*  islands,  run  into 

And  rare  ag.u  '  th      ':;:': t^""    ,v^^!!:^!^l!"  ""7  «"'-  -^      ^on  „>ay 


lllO! 


1  yoii  return  keep  along  the  shore  and 


I 


lU 


SrATIsriCM    OK    MiCllKiAN, 


» 

f 

1 

\ 

? 

I; 

i 

u  1 

o\iiii)tn<<   tlii>  tiolltih)  liitiikoti   li\    wlilif  xiuii'  vt>ti|p,  ill«i'i>iiiiil*l<>  III    llililv   III'  f'nrlv 


IVmM    lIlM'jl, 


iitiil  wliiMi  ynn  Ki'<   l<iii'l«   ,v*iit  will   Iimvk  iiii  np|iii|||i<i    llii<  Imili' 


nir  i>r  lliul  ivKliin,  nml  llii>  wiiIim'.  will  iniil«i>  n  now  ln'ltitj;  nC  mhi  In  ii  I1<\v  w'im>|im, 
Till'  nil'  lx  liiininji-,  >i'l  "Hill,  iihil  U  |>Iimi«i»iiI  In  '  ilnii  iliiV"."  wlllmiil  |ii'im|iii'Iii>{ 
(lull  Hitiiliii<"<t  mill  liiviltiiilo  III'  Iho  wiirni  wimiIImm'  ,miii  Iiiivo  Imi'ii  imml  loi  nnil  IIm< 
wiiliM'    woll.  Mill   will   iiiU    lii>  "liiniiliir,  villi  will   (lii'ii  »iiy  .vmi   liiivi'  lu'vi'r  ihiiiiU 

llliy    WlKl'l'    ln't'iMi>.   (Hill    W  lli>n    MKI    riillHd    wI|I>II|M>    mhi  I'IIIIH'.   IIImI    ll/^rllll    illlhK    nl'  Hull 

you  nin-o  tluniglil  ili'lli'lnii".  ymi  will  iiMiili'iiiii  ll  mm  nil  iiiliilli'iiM Inn,  nr  »|inrliMi«i, 
To  (III'  hivnllil  I  liii\i>  II  low  wuimIm  in  'ini  j  I  nin  nol  "  oriU'IUii)i' "  up  llio  iiiimlr\  ; 
l\n'  I  sliiill  wrtio  nnlliln^'  ilmi  nil  wIki  ^u,  will  iml  lliul  ii«  t  roprouoiil  II.  nr  nil 
will!  Iiino  liooii  will  iiul  oiMilliiii,  oKlior  mi  IliU  nr  niiy  olliof  milijiu'l  nl'  lliolr 
iwt|ii,'ihiliiiioi>  wliloli  I  li'oiil  iipnii.  To  ynn  I  p>iiy,  ^o,  llioii;  iitlliniiKli  yiiiii'  lioiillli 
<>*  lliipulroil  \nn  Oiiiiiinl  lio  ln,|iiioil.  iiinl  I  Know  niio  noiilloiiiiiii  w  lin  liiiil  linon  Hniilli, 
mill  In  lliiMiiin,  wlllinni  lionolli,  innl  niii>  Hi>iixnii  on  liiKo  Niiporlnr  roN|iiri<i|  lilni,  iih 
ho  !«iti(l.  In  oninpmiil  l\i>  hoiiltli,  I  ilnti'l  Kimw  why  tl  hIhmiIiI  i\n|  lollnvo  i'nii!«iitnp- 
Ihoi  HH  well  nx  nllioix  nil  wlin  j^n  ilioro  iloolmo  llioy  t'<<fl  iiiiiili  lii'lliir,  niiil  I 
Annir  I   illil." 

WW.  lOMpn.KU'N   I'UOri.NIAlHiN. 

Ulil  IIiIn  Inpio  liiiH  t)\\'  oxoooiloil  Iho  IIiiiHa  iIoriIkiioiI  I'lir  ll,  Tho  tnpio  IIhoH' 
Will  niio  Ihiil  oniihl  iinl  woll  ho  l^iinioil.  hiil  yol  ll  w  mh  oiiIoioiI  iipnii  «llli  Nninn 
hostimlnii  loMi  ll  iiilfit'hl  Hooni  In  lingo  whni  \n  iIokI^iioiI  In  lio  Iho  pinoly  tinpm- 
(liil  mill  t'lioliilivo  oliiii'i'.oloi-  nl'  ihl«  wniK,  hy  rnxninhlo  mginiioiiliilUui  nr  oiillntNl- 
«>llo  ilo«orlpllnii. 


*1  i 


xi\.  Mis(M-:i,i>.\NK()ns. 


I 


SIMMAKY    OV    MlrllUiAN    l'H(>IU'<  TH. 

In  his  luosNji.tfo  In  ilio  l.ojilshilnro  on  tho  Ih^l  oi'  .Imninry,  IKjrt,  (Jnv.  Ihigloy 
suiuHimtsos  Iho  \jiluo  of  iho  pimliiois  nf  tli(<  Slulo  lor  iho  prooodliijf  yonr  iih  Inl- 
h>w>:  ■•  I'ho  !ii>s< TO jjii I o  proihii'ls  nl'  iho  snil,  inlno»t  mnl  roroxlM  ol"  Iho  Slulo,  I'm' 
tho  yortr.  mnniinl  lo  81  l5.0<H<.iHH>.  (lislilltuloil  amnnjj-  Iho  illU'oronl  InloroNls  iih  I'oI- 
hnvs:  AjirionlHii';il.  SSI.(HHi.(»iH>.  oonslsllnn'  of  l5,(HiO,0(Mt  hushols  ol'  wlionl.  ',M.( MM  1.000 
Iwishols  ol'  <wn.  :iii<l  i;i.(HHi.iHH>  hushols  ol'  olhor  >«riiins.  1  l.iUMl.iMKl  hiishcls  oi'  pnln- 
toos.  1.4(HMHH>  inns  ol'  h.iy.  T.S(H).(HH)  poiuiils  of  wool,  IS.oOO.IMM)  pouinlM  ol'  pork, 
4.(XM\(HH)  poiimls  ol"  oliooso.  ami  '.»S.(W.lMM>  pminils  ni'  hnllor;  omII1<>  nnil  hnisos  vmII- 
jualoil  at  {iT.iHHUHVK  ami  iVnils  osiimaloil  nl  ^lo.OOO.OiM).  rrmlncl  of  Iho  mlii<>«, 
*10.(HWHH>.  tHiusisiinj;  of  SSO.O(H»  tons  of  iron  oro.  Slt.OOO  I  mis  of  pljr  iron,  'Ji'.IMMI 
tons  of  vMppor.  ;\\u\  l.iHXi.iHiO  hariols  of  salt.  rrmhu'is  nf  lh(>  fnrosl.  ffl.l.lMMMMM). 
To  this  shouhi  ho  atUloil  tho  piodiu't  of  Iho  luoohanioal  and  miiiuil'ai'lniin;^'  hilini' 
of  tho  Stato.  tho  \ahio  \i(  which  oaii  hardly  lu>  osilnatod." 


M 


iMdKl.j.ANKOtlH. 


125 


MIMMAKV    OK   TA\AMI,K   t.AStt  ANI.   fAUMH. 

I /■  iMcJl'  "    "'  "'"  "•"'*•""■"  "'    "^^'■*'   '*^H  "^70.  „n.|   |N7^.  win 


^•c. 


('l>M<llt<'  (if 

Mi. 


7.112 1, fid  I 

2,n:t,iiNri 


«'f«(>IM  of 


;i.(l77.(Mn 


(!«>IIIIM*l  (if 


r(,(w«,()f»7 


<<(»n«l)»  (»f 
Mi, 


3»l.f»;«).lOH^f, 

•!»<».Wjr,,737 
lli'MI.'J 


I-i'ImI  lli'i'xia   liiKiilili. 

I. mill  iiircN  Imi|ii'iivi'i| 

-Hllll  IH'tTM  ••XCtlll.l     II., |„    lM,|,||n|, 

l.iiMil  KXcMii.l    IViim  (iniKliiii.  viiliii. 

Iiii'iiiilliijf  liniii'iivi'iiiciito 
i'lM'IMH      iiiiimIiim'  (i| 
^UnilM      IMIMlliKI'  III'  iii'I'I'M  ill 
l''lll'l)l«      IIVIMIIJfl'  tniliilii'i  nriMI'MM  li, 


'.     ».  .11  .1^,5,    |i,.,  ,,,,il.      Of  |„i|ir..v...|   JM.i.l,  (JM-ic  w(.|(,  4r,i,HH2  nvr^p   ,„■  HM1  u..r 

'"  '""•      ""•  ' ""•"  "^'"  '••  '«"*  ^viH  l,ri.;;.,„„o  ,„.,,..,  (/,.  T.s.m  ,,(,  .^^nt! 

'IIK    IM  l!l,|r    II|;AI,T||, 
M.V  im   Mil    ,i,m„.||   |„  |H7:i.  u  Hlal,.    M.i„,.,l  „r   ||,.,illl,  „nK  ....,ililM„.,|    con.hlln.. 

•.-  -:;:-^  JU:.;;;r  n:":.r ;:  t.,!;;;;:::;'  :;:;:.;;;;'•- ;:;:;:;r';r 

niiim.M  .,(•   morliilllv.  iiiiij   tin.  i.|ll.,.t«  ,.f    i im  "I"' luiiy   „i    i-\,\,\,.mU.,;   \h,, 

,1,,    ,,,,,,,, ^   Ml  I    .  Ill,,    in,    iiiiMt-idl    l-nillilcH,  ..in|il<i,vi,„MU,  (•(iMiilUoMN,  |„tf,.^ 

I".    I'Hill.    Hill    .InMiiiMlnniLH,  ,.„    ||„.    |,„„|,,,  „,    M,.,    ,,„o,,|,..       They   .l.ul      Xt 

""•    "  ""<•  n...,„i.ni,.,i.|  Hluiiiliu-l  work,  on  ,1...  hi.Ii)...,,  .,   UyuU.^uiVlJr) 
lh<>  Hc  ii.d  M   uf    lliK    HIalc        'I'll..   M/.< 1,...-   i  I       .  "yK"'"    '"»    l»i('   IW«  of 

;:■;;;;-  ::;;:;':i':S,r'""'''*^  -■?''-  ■^'■""'  "-"■ -it's::,:: 

rilK    MIMTAKY, 

TiM.   inillmry  H.VHt,.,n  ..r   11,,.  Sln(..   han  uii,ln«o„.  n-viHlo,,  wl,hi„   the    ,m«t  few 

ll>.    .nlllla  IH  ,..M„,H.M,.,I  i.f  vo!u.i(....rH  licivv,...,,  |(,.  u-^,,,  „f  clrMitcM.  '.ml  fortv 
n  ..  v..ar,s  known  as  Slal..  Iro.,,...      Tin,  aniLn-lalory  u.:^  of  l87;i   ,    ov U  Th; 

t     ""•  'l-Ht   .lay  ol   January,  ..iKhl,...,.    I.im.iicl   ami   .cvLnt v-foi,r   and    iU,    InUr 
•iHcr.   itiilii    ill,,    lull    nil,., I,. !•    ,..  ^  .*!'"'     "■  "  J 


niiii    til,,    lull    iiiiinl 


IIT   oC    1 


ip 
Weill y-f„Hr  coMiimnloH  nliail 


inrrc- 


I 


r(.-a<,Jie(J ;   l^iyond 


12(3 


Statistics  of  Miciiigax. 


which,  111  time  of  pciU'c.  tlicro  Mhall  lio  no  liuTense."  A  Stutu  iiilllluiy  IJimril  Iiiim 
jfcncral  sii|iiTvIsiim  of  military  all'alis.  Tlio  State  supplies  each  organl/ed  toin- 
piiiiy  with  imlfoiiii  and  armory,  and  cad;  division,  l)rl;;ade,  rcKlmoiit,  or  company, 
such  tents,  tlxtnres.  iirnin,  and  eqnlpnients,  camp  cqulpape,  and  siioli  other  military 
property,  as  may  l)e  neeessary.  The  State  (nnips  ure  paid  at  the  rate  of  thirty- 
live  eents  i»er  day  when  on  parade  and  in  camp,  not  exceeding  ten  days  in  each 
year,  and  necessary  expenses'.  An  annual  tax  e(|nal  to  ten  cents  for  each  voter, 
as  shown  by  the  last  luecedin},'  general  election,  is  levied  for  tlio  support  of  the 
Statt;  troops. 

Tliere  are  now  in  coiiimlsslon  two  full  regiments  of  ten  companies  each,  num- 
bering ],11S4  men.  This  is  tlie  full  maximum  wlddi  the  law  allows.  There  are 
besides  two  "Independent  companies,"  numbering  ^4,1  men,  who  are  expeeteci  to 
be  enrolled  with  the  State  trooj)8  wlicn  the  law  permits  the  udditlon  to  tho  force 
on  the  Ihst  of  January  next. 

HANKINTr    IX   MICIIKJAX. 

Below  is  given  stiitislics  of  national  and  State  banks  in  Michigan  at  tho  close 
of  the  year  187.").  the  former  tal<en  from  tlie  report  of  tlie  (ontroler  of  the  Cur- 
rency, and  the  latter  from  reports  made  to  the  State  Treasurer. 


NATIONAL  HANKS. 


Kesoiirces,  77  flnnki  ; 

I.oiniN  iiiKt  iliscount!' 

Bonds  lor  ciri'iilMtiim 

Itoiiils  for  (l(>|)oHit-> 

II.  S.  lioiuls  on  liiinci 

Other  st(H'k«  imil   bonds 

lt\\e  from  rcsorvi' iiticntH 

Dnt"  from  national  lianks 

Due  from  Stalo  liankm 

Koal  I'rttatL',  etc 

Current  expiMisun 

I'reniinms  paid 

Cash  items 

Naliniial  bank  notes 

Frar I iona I  e ii rrency 

Spoeio 

I.e)fal  tender  notes 

IT.  S.  eertilleates  of  deposit 

Dep.  witli  V.  s.  Treasurer 


t 

|14,0(14,0'>7 

H,4:H,7r)0 

.V),0(M) 

!),7(Xl 

;t.lO,047 

l,-21l,S4(i 

.V)il,414 

W.i,rM7 

K")4,ti4tl 

!>4,HS,-> 

a-s,'.,!;)? 

l.'i4,7!W 

;uii,s4« 
4;i,(K)i 

11»,4!U 

l,20i,41!l 

,V(KK) 

,T)2,ii;tO 


Total J2.5,987,OM  43 


IMibiliticf,  77  Jinnks; 

Capital  stoek  .  |S,;B)2,200  00 


Siirplns  fund 

Other  undivided  prollls 


l,8«;),!)«i  (!1 
7S4,()1H  -21 


National  bank  eirculation. ft,8!)l,2'28  00 

l>ividends  unpaid Jid.l.'S)  00 

Indivld\ial  deposits 8,-2(l(i,4 12  80 

f.  S.  deposits 2,210  IH) 

Deposits  I'.  S.  (dlleers 27,7!I5  40 

Due  to  national  banks 

Due  to  State  banks 


Notes  rediscounted. 
Hills  payable 


12;J,(!74  20 

141,74!)  2;i 

5,1 1,(14(1  iW 

11,0(W  00 


Total $2fl,!)87,035  43 


STATE    HANKS,  OTHKIl  THAN   SAVINOS    HANKS. 


Resources,  16  Hanks: 

Loans  and  dlseounts $2,711,: 

Honds 10" 

Ci'  sh 4IW,i 

Real  estate  and  fixtures 78, 

Due  from  banks 411, 

Kxpeuses ,'1.5, 

Ovenirafts 31, 


Total J3,874, 


SOI 

44 

37,1 

70 

,Hi»3 

2-2 

as2 

3H 

34t! 

28 

7;« 

(8 

■sm  xt  1 

.Wl 

•ill 

lAabiUtics,  15  hanks: 


Capital 

Surplus 

Hills  redis.ounted 

Due  banksand  depositors 

I'rollt  and  loss 


Jl,.347 

112- 

8, 

2,200 

108 


,800  78 
001  20 
87.1  00 
,037  47 
,014  7« 


Total $.'t,874,.'5!»l  21 


S.4.V1NGS  BANKS. 


Reioxirces,  12  S>anks: 


Loans  and  disooimts J4,082,806  lit 

Bonds 714,12<i  iin 

Ca«h (i;{.s,G41  .33 

i;»,72i  m 


ISeal  estate  and  fixtures  . 


Due  from  banks 470,102  7.1 

Kx  lenses .i0,[)i2  .3!) 

2,471  UO 


Kx  lenses  . 
Overdrafts. 


Total 46,0C3,?12 


Liabilities,  12  Hanks: 

f'iipital 8870,720  00 

Surplus I(i7,('.15  (W 

Due  banks..   2!»,045  (it 

Due  depositors 4,930,.17.1  41 

I'ridlt  and  loss 4!),262  14 

Interest,  premium  anil  exchauRe.  23,1,1.3  70 

Total...   |fi,(M),812  .12 


y  Board  huit 
funl/('(l  coin- 
of  com  puny, 
her  inlUtiuy 
tc  of  flilrty. 
Iiiys  ill  (MU'h 
each  voter, 
)port  of  the 

H  ciu'h,  iiiini- 

There  are 

cxpoeteu  to 

to  the  force 


at  the  close 
of  the  Ciir- 


$«,;b»>,200  00 

7H1,()1H  -21 
5,(K)  1.228  00 

iai,i»)  00 

.   8,2(W,  1 12  80 

2,21(1  iM) 

27,7!I5  40 

123,(w4  20 
141,741)  2;i 

fl.M,(i4(i  iW 
U,0<K)  00 

828,U87,0a5  43 


11,347,800  78 

112,0fil  20 

8,873  00 

i,Wii,'.m  47 

108,014  7« 

$.'),874,.'5!»1  21 


MI8CELLAXKOI; 


127 


8870,720  00 
1H7,('55  (Ki 
2!I,04J>  01 

4,930,.')7"j  41 
4!),2«2  14 
2:!,1.5;t  70 


l>, 


I'o'iiitics  in  vvhiuli  l„,.at(Ml;  (',  yn.r  of  inn,,' 


JH>rrr..\Tlo,>  ok  citiks. 

lO'VM,  as  p(.r  ccnsii"  of    |N7i: 


AljM'iia.. 

Adrian.  .;;; 

Ann  Arlior 
Hatll(!(;ieelt 
Hay  (;ity... 
i*iK  Hapids.. 
Coldwater .. 
Charlotte  .  .] 
Coriniiia 

Detroit .' 

K.  Sa;s^iiia\v... 

Flint 

CJr.  Haven . .. 
dr.  Ilapids... 
<{ieenvi]Ie... 
IlastiiiL'M 
Hillsdale. 

Ilollnnd 

Ionia 

I>'lil)einiiijf .  . 


A.  tlie  rittcs  of  tlio  State; 
IKiration;  I),  popniatloii  in  1874: 


Alpeiin 

l.enawee 

VVaslitcnaw. 

Calhoun 

Hay 

Mecosta 

Hranch 

Katoii 

Shiawassee  . 

Wayne 

Haginavv 

(ienesee 

Ottawa 

Kent 

Montealm  .. 
Harry  . 
Hillsdale..; 

Ottawa 

Ionia  

Marquette. 


1871 

185:1 

1851 

185!) 

1805 

8()9 

1801 

1871 

18(!!) 

1815 

185!) 

1855 

18(17 

1850 

1871 

1871 

1800 

1807 

187;i 

1873 


:M)(I4 

8.8(i;i 

(l.0!)2 

5,;j-2;i 
i;),fi!to 

.t.KW 
■\.XUi 

2.«;{i 
i,:m5 

101,255 
17,084 
8,107 
4,;)03 
25.023 
3,140 
2,075 
3.084 
2.400 
3,251 
4,((02 


•laclison 

Kalaniacoo*  . 
l.ansinjr 

I-apecr    

Iaidln;?ton  . 
Manistee 

Mursliall 

Manpiette... 

Alonroe 

Mnsivfjjon  . 

•Mies.* 

N'ejjaunee 

Owosso 

I'ontiac " 

Port  Huron.. 
-SagiiiiiwCity 
St.  Clair..... 
\Vyaiidotte  . 
Vpsilant'  . 


•raclison 

Kalamazoo 

IiiKham  ... 

r.apeer   .. . 

Mason 

ManiKtce 

Callioun  .   .. 
Marquette. 

Monroe 

Muslvegon  . . 

Herrien 

Marquette .. 
Shiawassee.. 
Oakland 
St.  (  ,alr.... 
Sa-^  I  naw  . 
St:  Clair... 

Wayne 

Wasliteiiaw. 


1857 

1850 

1800 

1873 

180!) 

1850 1 

1871 

1837 

1809 

1850 

1873 

1850 

1801 

1857 

1850 

1858 

1807 

1858 


sta*tt^'"  ""   ''"•'"•l'orntL.,1   Htv,  b,.t   pn.ii.l  of  tMo  .li 


13.850 
1 1 .023 
7.445 
2.882 
2.177 
4.8!)4 
4.(i23 
5,242 
5.782 
8.505 
4.5fJ2 
3,741 
2,448 
3,051 
8,240 
10,(KI4 
2,003 
3,338 
5,211 


stinrtioii  of  bfiiiK  I  lie  liirge-st  village  In  th9 
ST.  MAJiY-S  FALLS  SHIP  c.vNAL. 

VK8SKL8   1.A88ING  THE  CANAL,  lONXAIiK.   AND  TOLLS    PAID. 


om 


N'LMBEii  ANO  Class  of  Vessels. 


050  Steamers 

803  Har^es  and  consorts 
403  Sailing  vessels 

30  Government  vessels 

15  Small  boats. 

13  Rafts ;.'.".'..; 

1  Wrecker 

2.033 


Tonniige. 


477.000.47 

iJitl  .043.72 

LSO.077.82 

1.45!).20 

1.021.44 


TolU. 


404.88 


1.250,533.53 


915,557  92 
10,331  14 
0,154  87 
Vo  Tolls. 

15  11 


$41,199  04 


A.MOUNT  OF  KUEUiHT  CAKR.EI.  TO  AM.  FKOM  LAKE  SUPERIOR 

•iin„  ine  season  of  1875,  and  passing  thrcdgh  the  canal: 


*B.0»U.812  S2 


128 


Statistics  of  MiciiiuAX. 


IM-' 


I 

5 

e 


I 


I 


1 


hi 


•-  <e     «'jt  ','11  ;*■      "   ; 


1 1 


—  I,—  Mu-         tt"    —     I-*     i-f       ;   ;   ; 


if:  '6  £ 


ilf) 


;;?"!2j-  :S  :a 


i 

5 


:iS 


f  iS^sS^'i^SS'*' 


iiS 


B 

a    « 


fi*  tc  X  »fS  ?  i  ^  r-  •*  -f  -I  „-     -'  „'  ^-^'-     ,  -  "^  I 

W.    "^    -^      .  «  *1  B     D  J  ' 


?f 


•5    5 


i^  i.-^  ?^i  —  r;  Oi  r?  O  1(5  Ci  , 

tc  'M  —  L-^  ?*  5  — '  --  yJ  —  '^ 


■J  s  13  ^'  ?.'  'J!  -• 


■^^StS?* 


?  —  3  «  M  —  r 


^^1  X  irt  j5  -f 


!i^  = 


•=^-i3*s*'-!S"-'«  ,-3i?i £':;:;'*■  -' 


t^ii 


X  ^"50        ^  t"  X  "* 


^  — <  1  O  «  lO  I-- 71 


I^   •*"     i^     ■*     "      -r     -*'.,"—   ■" 


—  X  rt  Y.  • 


VS.T?' 


iii|?i?i|4__. 


I"  2; 


i  :a 


fli5^ 


;iS 


!?«' 


■3   '   ;   : 
2  ;■»   ; 


«     '  X  —  TIT  5 

1  -    ■  iT  r.  I  -  If:  S 
!'»i?l 


f 

■lis  i  : 

■  15  "f        ;    1 

;*        '  ' 

mi 


*fi 

1      iTO            .      . 

i      I*' 

\  \ 

m^m 

m 

._         .      -i«  = 
.-  ■i'~'3  S  -  .- 

^  •-  -2  c  r^  ^  JI 


MlSCKLLANKOUS. 


129 


r.AKK   M.VHIN'K   AND  ('IIHTOMS  n?:(KII»TH. 

VKS.SKI.S   AM.    1..NNAUK,   AND   l.llIICH  COLLKCTKI). 


DISTIMCTS. 


l>|.;Tit..ir    \  l^'l 

Ml  HON     *'';?' 


h'nlnreil. 


Xi).    nf 
Vrmi'Ii , 

Ti>iinHKi>, 

H,.")7« 

l,074,SO» 

i*,iU 

I.HHi.ICi,'-, 

T.S.Ifl 

l,.1i'l,H4| 

.1.11 10 

I.I.W.IOH 

.'<,0.it 

I,;I(I7,H.W 

.-l.fUII 

l..'17ft,7nH 

ll,H4H 

i.Hift.nr 

H,(17.5 

i,7.io,;«)i 

H,7(W 

l,lHt4,047 

C'learett 


('rpwu. 


O'i.NHI 
fii.Ol.'i 
ftO.H-il 
.'Ill.OfW 
.'t:l,H.iH 
.12,414 
H2,(W7 
7.t,(M!.i 

T.i.mw 


Nil.  of 

'I'l'IWolll, 


H,2ai 
ll,4IIS 
H,4'i5 

.'1,114 1 
••|,7M4 
!t,»W7 
H,l»4.'5 
H,1)4M 


Tiinimgu. 


I,70-J,;«K) 
I,7H'2,H'M 
l.W.'i.M.i 
l,47i,l.'.l 
l,44'!,IMI 
1,4.11,  Mt'i 
l,H0-2,H00 
l,W)4,»H0 
1,»!»0,14» 


Crew». 


400 
,»7.'i 
.'ilO 
.127 
4(17 
170 


Aniiiiiril 
:;iitli.. 

ri.iiis-to.1. 


t«)7,!r7.'5  (U 
20II,M0S  0.1 
J7»,yi2  41 

74,(at.'t  a 

7I,0IS  ,TS 
l.l'.',.«4  in 


NUMItK.U  OF   Vi;,S,SKL.S  OWNKIJ 


IN  TIIK   DISTKKXS,  AND  TIIKIK  TONNAGK. 


VliAll.l. 


DelroU  IHiliM. 


Nil.  (if 
VcmhcIn, 


.1. 


1M7I 

1H72 

187.1 

IH74 

1H7.5 


Tiitiil  TiiM. 
.liliii'  .'iO. 


Huron  OiHtrM. 


Michltian  IHHrUt. 


Nc.  (if 

VcHKl'lH. 


7»,  102 

'4,.'l«0 

s.l.OOS 
H,'),277 


248 
274 
2«.i 
;114 
.TiO 


Tdtal  Ten 

miKc, 
■liiiii!  m. 


:i\,m) 
:«»,oii 

40,.17.'i 
5.!,«50 


N(i,  (if 

VcBrtcIl*, 


17.5 
IH4 
1H4 
VM 
211 


Iiitiil  Ton. 
June  30. 


12,7!tl 
I4,H2(1 
1.1.012 
I7,.W1 


AREA,  DEPTtr,  AXi,  ELEVATIOX  OF  THK  CIKEAT  LAKE.S  OF  AMERICA. 


GllEAT    L.MvEM. 


Siiporior 
Mk'lii^aii 
Huron .   . . 

Erie 

Ontario  . 


•JrputcHt 

Iii'ii)rtli. 

Milii<. 


450 
320 
250 
250 

180 


HrcHdtli. 

MIICK. 


170 
85 

120 
fi5 

85 


Total  area. 


Oreatcrtt 

HciKht 

Di'plli. 

iiIhivc    Hi'ft. 

Vwi. 

Feet. 

900 

(JOO 

700 

578 

800 

570 

250 

505 

700 

2.'52 

\  1  PH. 

.S(iiiikru 
Ml  leg. 


32,000 

22.000 

20.500 

0.700 

0.300 


90.500 


fi 


tl! 


HI 


130 


Statistics  of  Michigan. 


IXTEKXAL  REVENUE   COLLECTIONS  ]X  MICHIGAN-. 

Tlio  following  .stiiteincnt,  derived  from  lunvspaper  souree.s.  and  presumed  to  be 
predicated  upon  oflieial  statistics,  shows  the  collections  of  internal  revenue  for  the 
year  ending  December  J]],  in  the  several  collection  districts  of  Michigan: 

First  l>i^;tnct  _ §l,jr,4,9Sl  Oo  ';  Fourth  District $102150  52 

Second     istnct (13,197  9G  :!  Fifth  District "'"         36  0S8  G8 

Third  District 220.510  90     Sixth  District  138  384  03 


INTERNAL  REVENUE   TAXES  PAID  BY  DETROIT. 

The   following  was   the   amount  of  taxes   paid   to  the   United  Stages  Internal 
Revenue  Department  by  business  houses  of  Detroit  in  1875:* 

Tobacco  nianufiicture,  other  than  clg-^.i-s ^974.474  01 

Spirits  (one  di«tiliery) --i! -^'----"!!!]!!!!.'!". 110991  00 

Beer  (34  breweries.      One  concern  pays  nearly  oiic-flftii  of  ' 

..    the  tax) f,g262  20 

IC:^'' 40512  91 

^"^'^i 35.120  45 

Mi..cellaneoas 18,992  44 

'^'^^^"^ ' $1,454,991  03 

XEAVSPAPERS, 

There  are  275  newspapers  and  periodical  publications  in  Michigan,  of  all  clause* 
Of  these.  224  are  published  weekly,  17  daily  and  weeklv.  2  dailv.  7  semi-weeklv 
4  semi-monthly,  19  monthly,  1  quarterly,  and  i  yearly.  Politically  classitied.  112 
are  Republican,  40  Democratic,  73  independent  and  neutral,  and  15  miscellaneous-  14 
are  religious,  or  connected  with  religious  objects,  of  which  two  are  :Methodist  se'vcn 
Adventist  (two  Ilollaudsch),  and  one  each  Episcoual.  Catholic,  and  Baptist  •  4  min- 
ing, 5  educational.  1  Masonic,  1  Oud  Fellow,  1  Grange.  3  medical,  and  1  ugricultaral 
Five  are  printed  in  the  German  language,  0  in  the  Dutch  or  Ilollandsch.  and  one 
each  in  f.-c  Swedish  and  Danish. 

THE  FUR  TRADE. 

The  lur  trade  of  Michigan  is  of  much  less  importance  now  than  in  the  earlier 
days.  The  value  of  the  raw  furs  handled  in  the  State  is  estimated  at  about 
$1,000,000  annually,  only  about  one-half  of  which  amount  is  for  fm-s  produced  in 
Michigan.  Michigan  furs  bear  the  best  pi  ices  in  Europe.  Among  the  fui-bearin"- 
animals  are  the  Beaver,  Blac .  Bear,  Otter,  Mink,  Marten.  Fisher.  Lynx,  Silver 
Cross.  Red,  and  Grey  Fox,  Raccoon.  Muskrat,  F^lecat.  Wildcat,  and  Opossum.  The' 
"Wolverine,-'  which  gave  to  Michigan  its  popular  cognomen  of  the  -  Wolverine 
State,"  is  extinct. 

MARQUETTE  AND  MACKIXAAV  RAILROAD. 

At  the  time  of  printing  the  p.art  of  this  work  relating  to  railroads  ("  State  Land 

Grants  for  Railroad  purposes,''  ]).  91-2).  no  contract  for  building  the  Maniuotte  and 

♦Detroit  Boant  of  Traile  re.jort,  IS75.  ~  ~~  ~      " 


esumecl  to  be 
venue  for  tlie 

.     $102,150  52 

36,()88  G8 

ias,334  03 


11*^68  Internal 


t.474  01 

),(;31  90 
XOOl  00 

^.202  20 
5.512  01 
).12G  45 
*,992  44 

[,901  05 


)f  all  classes, 
f-onii-woekly, 
•laf^.sitied.  112 
cllaneous;  14 
liotlist,  seven 
ptist ;  4  niin- 
•ifi^rioiiltiiral. 
sell,  and  one 


I  the  earlier 
ed  at  about 
produced  in 
fur-bearing 
yiix,  yilver, 
jssuni.  The 
'■  AVolvcrino 


State  Land 
niuettc!  and 


Miscellaneous. 


181 


,e  e.„,pIo,<.,l  by  l,„ec,„„<.,.  :,,,  ;S77,  Ua  ,vUh  tl.o  ,  igt  ^,  1'  "    I,  "I 'I?' ,,'° 
<n„o^f„r  o,,o  yea,-  ,f  „„„„,,„,,-  ,„,,,„,,  ,„„„  „nv„"u,e„ '„  •"le':;:;;;,:':,,:',,;;: 


llrst  named. 


STATE  FJXAXCES. 


work  was  printed,  contains  son.e  facts  which  will  be  of  inlorest.  ^  ^ 

rilUIIASK  OF  tXMATUKED   BONDS. 

will  meet  the  portion  to  be^.aid  from  the'amU  fmul      '  '"'"  ''"  """' 

<^^T:t:i^^7^:^  ^^^tlS'^^V^  ^'°  a.nou„tof  $98,000  were  p„r- 
these  bonds  le^Z^o^T;!^::^:^^^^^  S^:  T]  '"""'""•  '''''''''''  '^ 
have  required  840.504.41.  Ded ,  \  e  !  '  p."!  b£uT:\  '"  '""*""'-'"  ""''' 
State  of  $30,501.07.  ^  H00.J.34,  it  shows  a  saving  to  the 

fu/in!!^  .w'h  ^''"  ""^   '''"^"   IMrchased  during   the  period  in  which  the  interest 

msl  ZT  ^''''?  I''''  '''''  ''"''  •'^^''^'••""^'  "^«  ••'"'«""t  would  have  bet 
S.3,S40,  but  on  account  of  purchasing  bonds  during  this  period  the  int,^re«t  wis 

thrs;e^^^tin=-;:^-t  "'"^  ^-'-  ^■--  ---  - --:^ 

^howuig  an  annual  saving  in  interest  on  account  o/bonds  purchasetof  So,9?o.'      * 

KECKU-TS  ANU   UlSHURSEMEXTS   FOR  VARIOUS   ITliP08E.«. 

stoff /""i'  ^f '  '"''''"'  ^^''''  ""^  ^^'"•*'  '■"^'"'"'•^  ""   •'^■•■«o''S  receivino.  or  di«bur«iiiir 

'once  of     ,/'  '?"'■*   '"    ''•'  ''""'«••  ^"^■'-■••"»  ^"formation   in  d^ta  1  as  to      f 

o.rce  of  all  receipts,  and   the  purposes  for  which  all   disbursements    v"i  made 

he  receipts  and  disbursements  of  the  various  Institutions  duii^    he  ,/aV   e  r" 

as  Shown  by  the  vouchers  filed  in  the  office  of  the  Auditor  General  we      a"    f  l/ow^: 


rnivprsitv 

N'lriiml  (Srhool . 
AKriruUiiral  colleate 

I'lllllic  sclKlol 

licfdnn  school 

Mate  jirison "' 

As\  hiiii  lor  insane  aViinl. 
a  ma  zoo •. 

Asylnni  lor insunent  I'on. 
tiar 


Ii('fci|r|j, 


$144,788 
•24.-JS4 
51,112 
.W„-.41 
4;t,S;(4 


l>iHltur 


204,004  4,'i' 
]00,:i^'0  >.! 


$141, 

M. 
•'■'2, 
.'17, 
Itl 

190, 

Kl, 


,104  70 
,SH6  fKi 
710  ;t7 

,;i«4  01 


Uc!>r,  (linnli.anci  blind,  at 
h  lint 

Tpaclicrs'  instil iVt eV 

,;Stato  lihvarv. 

1,4  «ol,(;coio^-i,.;ii  ■..irvi'V!;.'.'"'"' 
IKV)  08    siatp  piMMcpr  sociotv 
I'o  ,„  ,<^'''""t<'""!istci-  Genom'rs 

l.,8  29  i    (li'|>ar(niiMit 

iSoldicrs'  aid 
I'.GO  88   St.  Mary-s  falls  can'ai!"! 


Roceipts.     Dlsburspnionts. 


$50,000  So 

700  21 

0,,54l  m 

2,000  00 

260  00 

22,570  8,(| 

.■i,025  (W 

4,J,;i48  92 


151,047 

071 

0, ;!(!!) 


02 
54 


250  00 


22,308 

2,420 

40,;i;» 


iM. 


132 


Statistics  op  Michigan. 


I  1 


STATE   OFFICERS  AND   STATE    BOARDS. 

Tlie  following  fichodulo  of  State  offlcers  and  State  boards  is  given  partly  as 
suggestive  of  the  civil  striKtiire  and  working  of  the  State  government,  and  partly 
as  a  convenience  to  i)ersons  outside  of  the  State  viio  may  wish  to  correspond 
with  any  of  the  departments: 

KLECTIVE   STATE  OFFICEUS*   ANI>    JIIEIU  PniNCU'AL    DEPLTIES. 

(rocernnr  :    John  J.  Baclky.      Residence,  Detroit. 

Privftto  Si'crctarij  ti,  the  (luvi'i-nov  :    Gp;okge  II.  IIoi'Kixs.      Residence.  Detroit. 

Lieiitp.nanf  Guvernor :    IIenisy  H.  Holt.      Residence,  Muskegon. 

jS'ecretdnj  of  State  :    E.  G.  D.  IIoluen.     Residence.  (Jrand  Rapids. 

DepKlij  Secretary  of  State  :    AVm.  Ckosuy.      Residence,  Lansing. 

Awlitir  Oenpnil:    Rali'II  Ely.      Residence,  Alma. 

Deputy  Auilitor  General:    IIubekt  R.  Pratt.      Residence,  Lansing. 

Commissioner  of  the  Stale  Land  Office  :    Levehett  A.  (  'eapp.     Residence,  Centervillc. 

Deputy  Commissioner:      OzKO  A.  BoWEX.      ]{esidence,  J.ansing. 

jS'tate  Treasurer:    AVii.i.iam  B.  Mc(;;heery.    Residence,  Flint. 

Deputy  Treasurer:    CiiAUEE.s  II.  HoDSKix.      Residence,  Lansing. 

Attorney  General:    Andrew  J.  Smith.      Residence,  ('assopolis. 

^Superintendent  of  Puhlic  Instruction  .•     Daniee  B.  I$i{i(iC.s.      Residence,  Romeo. 

Deputy  Superintendent :     CoRTEAXa)  B.  STEiiiiiNji.      Residence,  Landing. 

Meyents  of  the  State  Vnirersity :  Samuee  S.  "Waeker,  St.  Johns;  term  expires  188S. 
Byron  M.  Ci  tpheox.  Manistee;  term  expires  18S;5.  Edward  C.  Walker. 
Detroit;  term  expires  1881.  Andrew  Climie.  Leonidas;  term  expires  18S1. 
Charles  Ryxd,  Adrian;  term  expires  1879.  ('LArDUS  B.  Grant,  Houghton; 
term  expires  1870.  Joseph  E.STAitROOK.  Y])silanti ;  term  expires  1877,  Jonas 
II.  McOowAN,  Cohhvater;  term  cxi)ires  1877.  The  President  of  the  Univer- 
sity. James  B.  Angell.  LL.  D.,  Ann  Arl)or,  ex  nfflcia. 

Members  of  the  State  Hoard  of  U'ncatfon  :  ED(;ar  Rexkord,  Ypsilanti ;  term  expires 
Deccmher  31.1881.  AVittev  '.  Baxter,  Jonesville;  term  expires  December  31. 
187r).  Edv'ard  Dorsch.  Monroe;  term  expires  December  31,1878.  The  Super- 
intendent o:  Pul)lic  Instruction.  Hon.  D.  B.  BuKiCis,  e:i-  officio. 
tState  Hoard  (f  Auditors:  The  Secretary  of  State,  the  State  Treasurer,  and  the 
Commissioner  of  the  State  Land  Ottico,  are,  by  the  constitution,  made  a  Board 
of  Auditors  to  adjust  all  clainjs  against  the  State. 

OFFICERS    AND   HOARDS   CREATED   1!Y  THE    LEGISLATIRE. 

Commissioner  of  Insurance  :     Sami:::i    'J.  Row.      Residence,  Lansing. 

Deputy  Cnaniissiiner  :    Henry  X.  I^awrence.       Residence,  Lansing. 

Commissioner  of  Railroads  :     Stephen  S,  Conn.      Residence,  Kalamazoo. 

Chrk  to  the  Commissioner   of  ]{ailroads:    Samtel    F.   Cook.      Residence,   Lansin"'. 

State  Librarian:    Mrs.  Harriet  A.  'J'enney.      Itcsidence,  Lansing. 

State  Salt  Inspector:    Samiel  S.  Garrioues.      Residence,  East  Saginaw. 

State  Land  and  lload  Hoard:    The   Governor,    the   Secretary   of  State,   t! 

Treasurei,    the    Auditor    General,    the    Commissioner   of   the    Land    ot 

Attorney  General. 

State  Siranip  Land  Commissioner  :    Joseph  P.  Haviland.    Residence,  Traverse  City. 
Clerk  to  the  Commissioner  :     L.  II.  BRicids.    l{csidencc,  Lansiu"'. 


the   State 
)ltice,   the 


*  Mile  fk'ctlvc  tiy  tlio  coiislitiitioii. 


Miscp:llaxeous. 


133 


!iice,  Centorville. 


e.  IJoineo. 


Travori-c  ("it v. 


ncKMAN     South   Haven;  Fkankmx  AVk,,,.,.  f;„„,sta.iti,K.;   Mii.rcv  J    GvHi,    of 
-a..s  county;  J.   WKn.TK.t   ('„„.n.s  Ypsilanti;   (;,:„.  yv.  Vuu.J  Kon.eo    tlm 

Au/iK,  Lansin-;  (.  H.  Hiu.uiam,  Ann  A.bor;  Ueshy  F.Lvsiki:.  Detroit  •  Joiiv 

i.Krs:itSri"s;;::r=  ^'--' ''—-  -— ^--^ "-- 5^ 

/yj.       ;    r  ^^'=/'^'7'^^'  i*<'^'«'--    OiiAHrKS  M.  CKOSWKLL,  Secretarv,  Adrian 

noauloj    irnstc^s   for  the  Mich>>m    Asyhm  for   the  Insane:    Luther  H     Tka     " 

Kalamazoo;   term    expires   ISTO       V    <i.    t  »,,^-    /m     i   ^,      ^^-'"1-"  n.    ikask, 

Jamks   \    1  p,.Vv    iw      !    ;  '^"'   <>'='>''otte;    term    expires   1881. 

JAMKs,  A    EuoMN,  Detroit;  tenn  exphx  •  1877.      William  A.  Tomlinsox   Kala- 

S^^F  Z.^n'v'D  r-;    /""^"^   ^"^^^'  ^''^^^   ^'^^^'   ^-^  '^>i^os   IsS?. 
JAMKi,  J..  liriMAN,  Detroit;  tenn  expires  1878.      C'iiakli-.s  T   Mrrciiiri  •   fern, 

expires  1879.    Dr.  E.  H.  Vax  DiasKx,  Medical  Superint    i deni,  KXtoo 

Comr,ussu,nrrs  of  the  Eastern  As>j,u,n  for  the  Insane:    Wahkkx  G.  Vivo"   Detroit  • 

ii.it,  BAMULL  (jr.  IVKS.  L  nadilla. 
Board  r,f   Trustees  of  t7>e  Institution  tor  IJ.ncatln,  the  Deaf  ana  mmb.  ana  the  Blind: 
1.   D.   Hanscomh,   liomeo;    term   expires   1879.      A.   L.   Aldiuch    Flint-    term 

S^l^al^Filnt^'""'"^-'""^^"''^^"™^^  '^™  ^^^^^-^  '^'       K^B.::;" 

/'.«   Z    /;    T  ;     ;•  '"  ^-  "'^'^•"'"•^-'  ('ol'Hvater;  the  Governor,  ...  officl, 

m'  yunf"  T"  ''''"'"'  ''"'""'■■  ^■^^"-  ''^-  ^''■^'•^'  J'^-'^-J^'  term  expires 
!»'.».  E.  r.  Dams,  Lansing;  term  expires  LSSl.  Daniel  L.  Cuossmvn  SVll- 
la  nston;    erm  expires  1877.      Fkaxk  31.  IIowk,  Superintendent.  Lansin''. 

Mate  Pr,^n  Inspectors:    A.  A.  Bliss,  Jackson;    Wm.  S.  Wilcox,  Adrian-    Fv.-vv- 
KrrK  W.  LovELL,  Glimax.      Wm.  iriMrnuEV.  Warden,  Jackson.  ' 

State  Ue,o,,,ral  Board:    The  (iovernor.  the  .Superintendent  of '  Public  Instruction 
the  President  of  the  State  Board  of  Education  inaiiution, 

v/      '     .";-^»;--^^'^"'''tee;  Dakils  .Moxih.e,  Bronscn;  J>.  Deax  Wakneh,  Farmin-tcn 

State   I,sk    a,.nnussloners  :    Eli   K.  Millkk,   President.  Kiddand;   Gk^J^'^'^ 

im^,;,f-:^hf '"''^'"''^   '''  ^^o.erLo:....,,W„..  Gkoi.e  11.  Jkuome: 

^^llt.,nl  officers  ot  the  state:    The  (iovernc.  :onnnandei-in-(:hler;  Brig.  Gen    Joux 

<  no.al.   Ur.J,.  Gen.  Ltni.-.u   S.  TnoM-nini.r.,;,  inspector  (ieneral;  Maj.  GKOK.iE 

^lu^^^Aa:^^::::''''  '''"''''-'  "  ^"^  <  •onnnander.ln.C.hief  ^  M.i-  .Tonx  Vt..KOUi,; 

State  Mllltnrij  Board. 


the  Inspector  General 


(-•has.  E.  Giiissox.  St.  Johns:  IIexkv  M.  Di  imiel...  D.-trolt; 


"in 


1 1  I 


i  m  niii 


m 


184 


Statistics  of  Michigan. 


(joiuik(;tioxs  axo  emexdatioxs. 

TVI'OdltAl'lIIfAL  COUUKi  TIONS. 

.       Ill  tliR   seooii.l   paragraph  on   page   50.  tlio   middle   letter   in   the  name  of  Dr. 
Jaeksoii  should  be  T,  instead  of  J. 

The  erroneous  spelling  of  the  word  "ores,"  at  the  end  o,'  the  sixth  line  on  i)a<r» 
CI,  will  be  noted. 

TIIK  (OI'l'KK  STATISrU  S. 

Some  few  modifleations  of  the  copper  statistics  liave  been  suggested  since  that 
part  of  tlie  Mork  was  in  i)rint— among  them  tlio  addition  on  page  57  of  27  tons 
of  ore,  or  22  tons  ingot  shipped  from  Isle  Koyale  in  1875. 

Tliere  may  be  some  apparent  discre])ancie3  between  the  totals  shown  by  the 
two  tables  on  page  57,  but  generally  it  is  believed  that  the  round  tons  given  in 
the  last  table  will  agree  with  the  number  of  pounds  in  the  th-st  on  a  multiple  of 
2,000.  Should  any  real  discrepancies  be  found  to  exist,  the  ligurcs  of  the  first  table 
should  1)e  .accepted,  the  chief  value  of  the  last  one  being  to  show  the  distribution 
of  the  copper  product. 

It  is  also  suggested  that  the  weight  of  some  of  tlio  specimens  of  mass  copper 
! '>ted  near  the  bottom  of  page  5J  will  bear  some  reduction. 

I'er  contra,  tlie  largest  specimen  of  m.ass  copper  stated  at  44(!  tons  (p.  58),  taken 
from  the  :Minesota  mine,  it   is  I'hiimed  should   be  5-10  tons,  .agreeing  with  the  last 
paragraph   on   page   o;{,  and   from    the   Pha^nix   mine  (p.  58),  statell  at   200   tons 
.should  be  500  tons.  ' 

THK   IliOX  STATISTICS. 

"With  the  view  of  verifying  the  data  on  tliis  subject  as  fully  as  possible,  advance 
sheets  were  forwarded  to  Mr.  If.  ]J.  Tiittle.  of  ("leveland,  Ohio,  with  the  request 
tliat  he  would  suggest  any  modifications  that  he  might  tliink  proper.  The  result 
of  his  examination  is  given  in  the  following  letter: 

MU.  S.  It.   M.Ck.vcke.N:  CI.KVIvT.am.,  May  11,  ]S7i). 

J >var  .Sir-  In  .ircoi-ilaiicc  «iili  your  rcMUf^t,  I  liavo  hastily  <'\amiiuMl  iiio  matter  wliich  you 
sent  me  toiicliiii>f  the  iron  district  of  .Mirhij?aii,  ami  woiilil  siiKK't'st  its  moilillcatiou  as  f..ll->,vs": 

l'aK'»'  (iO.-riitil  1S,V>  the  only  ore  mineil  wits  lor  use  in  loeal  lorKes,  makiiiK  lilooms.  Tlie 
llrsi  shipment  l"ron-_  Maniuetle  was  iu  1S,m,  heiuK  1,147  tons. 

I'aKe  fit.— The  eonnnent.s  on  umlernround  minins  may  have  been  aiipropriate  to  1S70,  but  not  at 
tins  (late.  Nearly  all  the  olil  mines  have  smue  umlergrouml  work.  Tlie  Chamiiion  autl  Mielii. 
ijamnie  are  entirely  uiiderjironml,  their  experieme  liaviii-  pj-oveil  that  to  be  the  best  metlKnl 
lor  those  mines. 

I'aKe  Oi-In  the  paraKraph  on  the  cnmlity  of  the  iron,  it  may  be  remarked  that  the  iron  pro- 
(hiee<l  from  the  red  .speeular  ores  is  doei.tedly  red-short,  and'  that  from  the  nmf?netic  ore.s  is 
about  neutral. 

Same  paRe,  relative  to  the  per  eenla^e  of  yield  in  iron,  the  statements  of  Major  liiooks  arc  of 
the  mines  colleclhvl!/,  many  of  the  mines  KradiiiK  their  ore  to  a  higher  standard",  and  thus  meet- 
ing the  wants  of  the  most  e.xaetiiiK  makers  of  the  tii>{her  Ki-ades  of  iron  and  ste(d.  The  distine. 
tiou  between  Ilr.st  and  seccmd  elass  ores  eonsists  chielly,  but  not  entirelv,  in  silica,  and  of  this 
all  the  'llax"  ores  have  an  excess. 

rage  Oa— In  the  llfth  line  from  the  bottom,  should  read,  ordiwifn  u.ses,  in  the  place  of  "iirac 
tioal"  uses,  .such  a  method  beiuf?  only  admissible  in  niakiiiff  common  iron. 

Pages  04  and  (H -since  1S70  improved  methods  have  been  discovered  and  adopted  by  the  best 
chemists  for  .letermining  phosphorus,  Imt  the  process  is  such  a  delicate  one  that  even  good 
chemi.sts  now  diller  in  reporteil  results  frmn  tne  .same  specimen.  In  the  list  of  mines  (page  (i4), 
the  reported  per  cent  of  phosphorus  and  iron,  obtained  by  analysis  of  specimens,  is  not  correct 
as  to  .some  of  the  mines,  as  is  now  well  known  by  results  obtained  on  a  large  scale  in  the  use  of 
the  ore.s.  The  difficulty  lies  in  obtaining  specimens  which  shall  represent  an  (tvcraye  of  the  ore 
as  furnished    for  actu,.l   use,  and  if  with  great  care  and  good  judgment   (he  uvorage  has  been 


10  iiiimo  of  Dr. 
til  lino  oil  page 


jstcd  siiico  that 
!  57  of  27   tons 

shown  by  tho 
1  tons  f^iven  in 
a  ii  multiple  of 
if  the  first  table 
ho  distribution 

of  mass  copper 

IS  (p.  58),  taken 
r  with  tho  last 
(1  at   200   tons, 


issiblo,  advance 
111  tho  re<iiiest 
r.      Tho  result 

;i),  May  11,  lS7<i. 

latter  whicli  you 
(111  as  f<)ll:)vrs: 
1)?   l)loiims.      Tho 

n  1S70,  but  uot  at 

ii)iii)n  autl    Miclii. 

tin;  best  motliDii 

lat  the  iron  i)ri). 
nia^iiotic  urt's  is 

or  Itrooks  arc  of 
,  auil  thus  incot- 
'I'l.  Tho  (list inc. 
ilica,  and  of  this 

'  pluco  of  "prao- 

litcil  liy  tho  host 
tliat  I'vcti  ^food 
mines  (paifo  04;, 
IS,  is  not  corrcrt 
alo  in  tlio  use  of 
•cruge  of  tUo  ore 
lera^e  has  bueu 


Miscellaneous. 


135 


Incln.lcd  in  ll,c  Hpcrimons  or  samples,  the  worl£  of  •innu-  u   i  .  ~ 


51  INK. 


Kepubllc, 

MicliiKainnie. 

Spurr 

Saginaw 


Kind  or  Our. 


f'hiony  Specular.... 
Magnetic 


■Spoculnr . 


I'iKwpliorud, 


0.040 
0.041 
0.104 
0.1.12 


Iron. 


06..'il 
(14.. 38 
0;j.Hl 
52.40 


.  re.;:;:;  rrr^;; ::  ;;;r;^;:::;::,;:;^^ir"  '^  """-"■  "^•'  '"^  ---  ^--  ^'^  -o'o«icai 

Uespoctfully  yours, 

H.  IJ.  TITTLK. 

CONCLUDIXfJ   IlEMARKS. 

pa^;;'::;  m:''^T::::::z^^r,  --^^  •;i;  -•--  -^-^^  appea..  on  ^0  titie 

til-Ml   peninsula,  look  a  o     ;?„•"'  J  \:^  ".V- ^'''"  """"  '''''''''  ^  '"^■''"- 

-o.ni.ed    the   apprJpH     :^.i     ^f  ti       m'lo'"  Z  ^""'""'  '"  ""  '^'''  ^^^« 
was  beautified  bythe  bloom  of  fore.      ,  J        7«  "    «Pnnstime   tho   pictme 

affbrdod  native  pa^tur     e  for  tl  .   t  1  ?'  "'"''  '"  '"•'  '"'""'«'•  l>'«  Plains 

-  i^-  as   t..;;  L  3in    ol^a'^r;  te';!:;r"'  '^"  ---'-^  <^omest^eu.. 
hoat  of  the  snn;  in  autumn     ^  S.o      o    th  ""  ''''  '  P'-^^'^^tion  from  the 

brilliant   tints    -..neotoil   fro  >     tl  e   f  r^^.  ?  ^'''' ;'"'  ''^'^"^  ''^  ^^e  thousand 

scarcely   ap,.rociablo    liftv  vars    a-o    n riv   safrU    it   I^  •''    l'*'!^"'''^*'""    ^^-l""-^!', 

tl.is  time  at  tifteen  hundred  thou  and  L  if  i  ^\^''^\\^^  '-ound  numbers  at 
'"arket  lor  its  own  unmati  o  Xlion'  it  V  'T'"'  TT^'^^^  '''  '^'*""^''  '"  '''' 
no  new  State,  can  claim  a  lii,h;  :?:  n  ::  ''  ^  il^'Sic  1  u  r ^'t'  ^""^"'"^^ 
icrtility,  accessi.>ility,  and  liberal  terms  t  ,^  ^^..f  I  '";;','"  ""■"^^' 
agricultural  products,  or  at  least  -i  .-immfv  <.r  >  ^  .•  ",  ''""^  ''"  as^rogaio  of 
the  imagination  can  well  c.n.dvn  t  T-  '"•'^'''"■"^•"'  '"'yond  any  limit  which 
of  its  forests  a  c "  so  r"  o  wl  .U.  I  '"  ','"""''■''  '"'"  ^■'"•'^^^■-  '''"«  P'-oJ"ets 
iron  and  copp!     4  1.^  i,  ^       "  J^? '"^'T^  'r'  '""'^  ^"'"^  '°  ^-"^      ^^  '^« 

both  in  the  ricmt^o  u/tp  its  .1  rV;  '"^^f  ^1'"!-'^  ^"'"'"-'Sing  the  world, 
■'alt,  gypsmii,  coal    .Mte    <tmio    i  ii^n  .  \"^'""''  '"'^^""  "^  P^'O'lucts;  while 

CMitlv  exhaus  le«    ;;  ;    ;  'i.  '"-''"  !:.""*^'''^^^'  ''''  ^"^''^  '»  1"^*^™1  and  appar- 

amrp,.,,,,,.,   "„,,";  ^;^.,^/^'";^"'^^«"7   ""l""itcd   l^.cilities,  both  lV,r  ii^lit 

j;.-,s.o  Shows  gre:r;ry';:;;rm:^:-r':ai;;o'  ^7r1;:r^/"  r;--'^- 

llic  sub-scMuei.t  history  of  the  four      hi's  i''^.„'!l\'  ""  "^  f,7K''.'^'''''l>le  of  the  or6  was  ol'ta  ,',  "  '" 


13G 


Statistics  of  Michigan. 


structure,  botli  ciliicatioiiiil  and  benevolent,  which,  without  boast iniij,  it  i8  believed 
will,  in  its  scope  and  dcsii^n.  bear  favorable  couiparisou  witli  that  of  the  most 
advanced  connnunities;  while  in  her  social,  moral,  and  rclij^ions  status,  licr  people 
will  rather  prefer  to  be  jud<;ed  than  to  pass  judgment  upon  tliemselves. 

The  ettbi't  has  been,  in  the  forei^oing  work,  to  set  forth  in  perspective  our 
Bkal'TIKUL  Peninsula,  as  w(dl  in  its  native  beauty  as  in  the  beauties  and  attrac- 
tions that  the  labor  of  man  has  I'ddcd  unto  it — for  unwm'lhy  would  our  peoph-  b(! 
of  such  a  heritage,  did  they  fail  to  improve  and  enricli  it.  This  work  is  designed 
primarily  for  those  who  may  not  have  had  the  opportunity  U)  behold  our  Beau- 
tiful I'eninsula  by  looking  about  them,  but  who  maj'  not  be  imwilling  to  receive 
impressions  of  it  through  the  operation  of  the  reasoning  and  rellective  powers. 
We  dismiss  the  work,  tlierefore,  and  commend  it  to  the  reader  with  the  spirit 
of  the  motto  of  ^^hil■h  Michigan  is  modestly  but  Justly  proud. 


■.i;:;i«i*.xsaa5C, .:  -  cfs:r^;-ffmmiX"->'W'' 


it  is  believed 
t  of  the  most 
lis,  tier  iieoplo 
Ives. 

3rspootive  oiiv 
ies  and  attrae- 
oiir  peoplr  b(! 
irk  is  designed 
lold  onr  Beau- 
ing  to  receive 
3ctivo  powers, 
itli  tlio  spirit 


